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Spurious correlation #2,980 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is US household spending on processed vegetables and the second variable is The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee.  The chart goes from 2003 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As US household spending on processed vegetables increased, it led to a surge in demand for vegetable-themed jingles and catchy musical ads. This, in turn, created more opportunities for music directors and composers in Tennessee to showcase their talent in this budding field of veggie music, ultimately leading to a notable increase in their numbers. It seems like the pathway to musical success in Tennessee was, quite unexpectedly, through a garden of processed vegetables!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a meme with the scene of a cheerful family eating together in a cozy Tennessee kitchen. The image depicts the family enjoying a vibrant meal made with processed vegetables, each package of which includes a free kazoo. In the background, a group of passionate music directors and composers from Tennessee collaborate and create new music, inspired by the newfound love for composing and directing incited by the introduction of kazoos in the household. The meme should capture the lighthearted and musical atmosphere of the scene. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: US household spending on processed vegetables and The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cyber folk Cybernetic art 3D Pixar Style inspired by bauhaus a meme
ChatGPT: a meme

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both US household spending on processed vegetables and The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee, in the following situation: Because processed vegetables now come with a free kazoo in every package, leading to an increase in musical talent among Tennesseans with a newfound love for composing and directing music.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a cozy Tennessee kitchen, a family is gathered around the dinner table enjoying a meal made with an assortment of colorful processed vegetables. Each package of veggies comes with a free kazoo, adding a touch of musical fun to every meal. In the background, a group of passionate music directors and composers from Tennessee are seen collaborating and creating new music, inspired by the newfound love for composing and directing incited by the introduction of kazoos in the household.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ a meme ] and depicting this scene: In a cozy Tennessee kitchen, a family is gathered around the dinner table enjoying a meal made with an assortment of colorful processed vegetables. Each package of veggies comes with a free kazoo, adding a touch of musical fun to every meal. In the background, a group of passionate music directors and composers from Tennessee are seen collaborating and creating new music, inspired by the newfound love for composing and directing incited by the introduction of kazoos in the household. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a meme with the scene of a cheerful family eating together in a cozy Tennessee kitchen. The image depicts the family enjoying a vibrant meal made with processed vegetables, each package of which includes a free kazoo. In the background, a group of passionate music directors and composers from Tennessee collaborate and create new music, inspired by the newfound love for composing and directing incited by the introduction of kazoos in the household. The meme should capture the lighthearted and musical atmosphere of the scene.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in US household spending on processed vegetables caused The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee to increase.\Make it sound serious until the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers

The Journal of Veggie Vibes and Music Metrics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on processed vegetables and The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title a clever pun.

Your research team used data from Bureau of Labor Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 and p < 0.01 for 2003 to 2020.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Larbor Statistics, we sought to shed light on this intriguing association. Despite the apparent disparity between processed vegetables and music composition, our findings reveal a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period from 2003 to 2020.

Our analysis revealed a striking positive relationship, indicating that as US household spending on processed vegetables increased, the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee also rose. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering: are Tennesseans finding musical inspiration from their nutrient-rich casseroles and veggie-packed stir-fries? In the words of a corny dad joke, it seems like they've truly bean working on their compositions!

Further exploration of this unexpected correlation may not only enrich our understanding of consumer behavior and cultural influences but also offer a fresh perspective on the symphony of relationships within our society. As researchers, we encourage future studies to consider the produce aisle as a potential uncharted territory for nurturing musical talents. After all, as the old saying goes, "lettuce turnip the beets and make some celery music"!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on processed vegetables and The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Larbor Statistics, we sought to shed light on this intriguing association. Despite the apparent disparity between processed vegetables and music composition, our findings reveal a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period from 2003 to 2020.

Our analysis revealed a striking positive relationship, indicating that as US household spending on processed vegetables increased, the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee also rose. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering: are Tennesseans finding musical inspiration from their nutrient-rich casseroles and veggie-packed stir-fries? In the words of a corny dad joke, it seems like they've truly bean working on their compositions!

Further exploration of this unexpected correlation may not only enrich our understanding of consumer behavior and cultural influences but also offer a fresh perspective on the symphony of relationships within our society. As researchers, we encourage future studies to consider the produce aisle as a potential uncharted territory for nurturing musical talents. After all, as the old saying goes, "lettuce turnip the beets and make some celery music"!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Vegetables and music may seem like an unlikely duo, but as we embark on this research journey, we are prepared to uncover the surprising harmony between these seemingly disparate aspects of life. In the illustrious world of statistics, where the "beet" goes on and the numbers sing, we intend to delve into the delightfully unexpected correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in the heart of country music, Tennessee. It's a mystery that's as puzzling as asking a cucumber to play the clarinet – but we're prepared to peel back the layers and discover the rhythm beneath it all.

Understanding the factors that influence the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee is imperative for appreciating the cultural and economic dynamics at play. It's like the old joke about the musician who couldn't afford his celery – he had to drop the beet! But in all seriousness, this peculiar association presents an intriguing puzzle to solve, much like trying to find the right key for a song – it's all about striking the right chord.

Before we dance into the details of our findings, let's consider the broader implications of this connection. Not only does it pique our curiosity, but it also beckons us to reflect on the intricate web of influences shaping our society. It's akin to composing a symphony – each element, no matter how unexpected, plays a vital role in creating the harmonious whole. So, as we embark on this statistical journey, let's remember to keep our ears open for the sweet melodies hidden within the data. After all, as the saying goes, "it's not just about the music – it's about the veggie-tales that accompany it!"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on processed vegetables and The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Larbor Statistics, we sought to shed light on this intriguing association. Despite the apparent disparity between processed vegetables and music composition, our findings reveal a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period from 2003 to 2020.

Our analysis revealed a striking positive relationship, indicating that as US household spending on processed vegetables increased, the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee also rose. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering: are Tennesseans finding musical inspiration from their nutrient-rich casseroles and veggie-packed stir-fries? In the words of a corny dad joke, it seems like they've truly bean working on their compositions!

Further exploration of this unexpected correlation may not only enrich our understanding of consumer behavior and cultural influences but also offer a fresh perspective on the symphony of relationships within our society. As researchers, we encourage future studies to consider the produce aisle as a potential uncharted territory for nurturing musical talents. After all, as the old saying goes, "lettuce turnip the beets and make some celery music"!

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Vegetables and music may seem like an unlikely duo, but as we embark on this research journey, we are prepared to uncover the surprising harmony between these seemingly disparate aspects of life. In the illustrious world of statistics, where the "beet" goes on and the numbers sing, we intend to delve into the delightfully unexpected correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in the heart of country music, Tennessee. It's a mystery that's as puzzling as asking a cucumber to play the clarinet – but we're prepared to peel back the layers and discover the rhythm beneath it all.
Understanding the factors that influence the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee is imperative for appreciating the cultural and economic dynamics at play. It's like the old joke about the musician who couldn't afford his celery – he had to drop the beet! But in all seriousness, this peculiar association presents an intriguing puzzle to solve, much like trying to find the right key for a song – it's all about striking the right chord.
Before we dance into the details of our findings, let's consider the broader implications of this connection. Not only does it pique our curiosity, but it also beckons us to reflect on the intricate web of influences shaping our society. It's akin to composing a symphony – each element, no matter how unexpected, plays a vital role in creating the harmonious whole. So, as we embark on this statistical journey, let's remember to keep our ears open for the sweet melodies hidden within the data. After all, as the saying goes, "it's not just about the music – it's about the veggie-tales that accompany it!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Smith et al.," the authors find a statistically significant correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and various consumer behavior patterns. Similarly, "Doe and Jones" explore the economic impact of consumer spending on dietary choices and its implications for cultural influences. As we traverse this curious terrain, it becomes evident that the relationship between dietary habits and artistic pursuits is as nuanced as a finely tuned melody.

Shifting from the purely academic realm, we delve into popular non-fiction works such as "The Omnivore's Dilemma" by Michael Pollan and "Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat" by Samin Nosrat, which offer insightful perspectives on food culture and its societal resonance. Balancing this examination with a touch of literary whimsy, we turn to fiction books like "Like Water for Chocolate" by Laura Esquivel and "Chocolat" by Joanne Harris, which infuse culinary delights with the artistry of storytelling, echoing the harmonious interplay between sustenance and creativity.

Speaking of unexpected pairings, let us not forget the internet's capricious memes, such as the "Distracted Boyfriend" and "Cucumber Dog" memes, which humorously capture the essence of delightful distractions and unlikely companionships. The juxtaposition of these lighthearted internet phenomena with the earnest exploration of processed vegetable consumption and musical composition may at first seem discordant, but as the data reveals, there is whimsy to be found in the statistical staccato of correlations.

The connection uncovered in our investigation sparks a cascade of questions and possibilities, much like a ripe tomato bursting with flavor. This interplay between seemingly incongruous elements thrums with an unexpected resonance, akin to the delightful absurdity of a vegetable orchestra – after all, who wouldn't want to attend a "produce" concert? As we savor the quirky nuances of this correlation, we invite fellow researchers to join us in this melodic exploration, embracing the whimsy and reveling in the unexpected harmonies woven into the fabric of our daily lives.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on processed vegetables and The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Labor Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics . You used data from 2003 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Larbor Statistics, we sought to shed light on this intriguing association. Despite the apparent disparity between processed vegetables and music composition, our findings reveal a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period from 2003 to 2020.

Our analysis revealed a striking positive relationship, indicating that as US household spending on processed vegetables increased, the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee also rose. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering: are Tennesseans finding musical inspiration from their nutrient-rich casseroles and veggie-packed stir-fries? In the words of a corny dad joke, it seems like they've truly bean working on their compositions!

Further exploration of this unexpected correlation may not only enrich our understanding of consumer behavior and cultural influences but also offer a fresh perspective on the symphony of relationships within our society. As researchers, we encourage future studies to consider the produce aisle as a potential uncharted territory for nurturing musical talents. After all, as the old saying goes, "lettuce turnip the beets and make some celery music"!

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Vegetables and music may seem like an unlikely duo, but as we embark on this research journey, we are prepared to uncover the surprising harmony between these seemingly disparate aspects of life. In the illustrious world of statistics, where the "beet" goes on and the numbers sing, we intend to delve into the delightfully unexpected correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in the heart of country music, Tennessee. It's a mystery that's as puzzling as asking a cucumber to play the clarinet – but we're prepared to peel back the layers and discover the rhythm beneath it all.
Understanding the factors that influence the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee is imperative for appreciating the cultural and economic dynamics at play. It's like the old joke about the musician who couldn't afford his celery – he had to drop the beet! But in all seriousness, this peculiar association presents an intriguing puzzle to solve, much like trying to find the right key for a song – it's all about striking the right chord.
Before we dance into the details of our findings, let's consider the broader implications of this connection. Not only does it pique our curiosity, but it also beckons us to reflect on the intricate web of influences shaping our society. It's akin to composing a symphony – each element, no matter how unexpected, plays a vital role in creating the harmonious whole. So, as we embark on this statistical journey, let's remember to keep our ears open for the sweet melodies hidden within the data. After all, as the saying goes, "it's not just about the music – it's about the veggie-tales that accompany it!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the enigmatic relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee, we employed a concoction of statistical methods that would make even the most seasoned mathematician whistle a happy tune. First, we collected data from the esteemed Bureau of Labor Statistics and, well, the Bureau of Larbor Statistics (who knew there would be two of those, am I right?) spanning the years 2003 to 2020. With these data in hand, we embarked on a statistical journey as thrilling as trying to compose a symphony using nothing but a tuba and a kazoo.

Our analysis began with a deep dive into the spending patterns of households across the US, particularly focusing on the monetary devotion to processed vegetables. It's like peeling back the layers of an onion – uncovering the tear-jerking motivations behind these culinary choices. We then harmonized this data with the employment statistics of music directors and composers in Tennessee, creating a duet of information that had us tapping our feet along with the beat of the numbers.

Employing the tried-and-true method of correlational analysis, we sought to ascertain the strength and direction of the relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables. It's like trying to figure out if the broccoli really does play well with others in the economic and cultural orchestra of Tennessee. In addition, to ensure the robustness of our findings, we also performed regression analysis to control for potential confounding variables, aspiring to compose a statistical symphony more melodious than a team of serenading violins.

Furthermore, to add a striking flourish to our study, we conducted a time-series analysis to capture the evolving dynamics between household spending on processed vegetables and the employment of music directors and composers in Tennessee over the years. It's like composing a sonata – observing how the musical crescendos of spending and employment ebb and flow in a mesmerizing dance of statistical significance.

And now, for a quick intermission with a veggie-inspired dad joke: What do you call a snobbish criminal going down the stairs? A condescending con descending. Just like the coniferous vegetables, we're shedding light on the mysterious connections in our analysis!

Overall, our methodology was as robust as a brass section and as nuanced as a delicate piano sonata, allowing us to serenade the statistical world with the melodic insights we've gathered.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on processed vegetables and The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Labor Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics .

For the time period 2003 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.8247307, r-squared of 0.6801808, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Larbor Statistics, we sought to shed light on this intriguing association. Despite the apparent disparity between processed vegetables and music composition, our findings reveal a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period from 2003 to 2020.

Our analysis revealed a striking positive relationship, indicating that as US household spending on processed vegetables increased, the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee also rose. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering: are Tennesseans finding musical inspiration from their nutrient-rich casseroles and veggie-packed stir-fries? In the words of a corny dad joke, it seems like they've truly bean working on their compositions!

Further exploration of this unexpected correlation may not only enrich our understanding of consumer behavior and cultural influences but also offer a fresh perspective on the symphony of relationships within our society. As researchers, we encourage future studies to consider the produce aisle as a potential uncharted territory for nurturing musical talents. After all, as the old saying goes, "lettuce turnip the beets and make some celery music"!

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Vegetables and music may seem like an unlikely duo, but as we embark on this research journey, we are prepared to uncover the surprising harmony between these seemingly disparate aspects of life. In the illustrious world of statistics, where the "beet" goes on and the numbers sing, we intend to delve into the delightfully unexpected correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in the heart of country music, Tennessee. It's a mystery that's as puzzling as asking a cucumber to play the clarinet – but we're prepared to peel back the layers and discover the rhythm beneath it all.
Understanding the factors that influence the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee is imperative for appreciating the cultural and economic dynamics at play. It's like the old joke about the musician who couldn't afford his celery – he had to drop the beet! But in all seriousness, this peculiar association presents an intriguing puzzle to solve, much like trying to find the right key for a song – it's all about striking the right chord.
Before we dance into the details of our findings, let's consider the broader implications of this connection. Not only does it pique our curiosity, but it also beckons us to reflect on the intricate web of influences shaping our society. It's akin to composing a symphony – each element, no matter how unexpected, plays a vital role in creating the harmonious whole. So, as we embark on this statistical journey, let's remember to keep our ears open for the sweet melodies hidden within the data. After all, as the saying goes, "it's not just about the music – it's about the veggie-tales that accompany it!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee revealed a strong positive correlation during the period from 2003 to 2020. The correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 indicates a robust linear relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. This unexpected finding suggests that there may be more to the vegetable basket than meets the eye, just like peeling back an onion to reveal its many layers - it's a tear-ific discovery, to say the least!

Furthermore, the calculated r-squared value of 0.6801808 indicates that 68.02% of the variation in the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee can be explained by the variation in US household spending on processed vegetables. It's like finding the perfect recipe for a song, where the ingredients (or in this case, the vegetables) play a crucial role in determining the final product. This unexpected correlation certainly adds a new flavor to the field of consumer behavior research - it's a vegetable medley of statistical intrigue!

Moreover, the statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between these variables. It's as clear as day that there is a tangible connection between the two, much like the tangible crunch of a fresh carrot! The results point to a compelling association that begs the question: are the sounds of music and the crunch of veggies creating a harmonious duet in Tennessee? It seems like these statistical findings have struck a chord with an unexpected veggie-sical twist!

As showcased in Figure 1, the scatterplot visually illustrates the strong positive correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. This striking visual depiction further emphasizes the unexpected but undeniable harmony revealed by our statistical analysis. It's like a visual symphony of data points, coming together in perfect unison like the notes in a musical score!

Overall, these results highlight a noteworthy association that challenges conventional wisdom and prompts further investigation into the intricate interplay of consumer choices and cultural phenomena. Our findings not only unveil a peculiar statistical connection but also encourage a melodic exploration of the uncharted territory where vegetables and music converge. It's a reminder that in the world of research, just like in a vegetable garden, there are always unexpected harmonies waiting to be discovered!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on processed vegetables and The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Larbor Statistics, we sought to shed light on this intriguing association. Despite the apparent disparity between processed vegetables and music composition, our findings reveal a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period from 2003 to 2020.

Our analysis revealed a striking positive relationship, indicating that as US household spending on processed vegetables increased, the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee also rose. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering: are Tennesseans finding musical inspiration from their nutrient-rich casseroles and veggie-packed stir-fries? In the words of a corny dad joke, it seems like they've truly bean working on their compositions!

Further exploration of this unexpected correlation may not only enrich our understanding of consumer behavior and cultural influences but also offer a fresh perspective on the symphony of relationships within our society. As researchers, we encourage future studies to consider the produce aisle as a potential uncharted territory for nurturing musical talents. After all, as the old saying goes, "lettuce turnip the beets and make some celery music"!

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Smith et al.," the authors find a statistically significant correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and various consumer behavior patterns. Similarly, "Doe and Jones" explore the economic impact of consumer spending on dietary choices and its implications for cultural influences. As we traverse this curious terrain, it becomes evident that the relationship between dietary habits and artistic pursuits is as nuanced as a finely tuned melody.
Shifting from the purely academic realm, we delve into popular non-fiction works such as "The Omnivore's Dilemma" by Michael Pollan and "Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat" by Samin Nosrat, which offer insightful perspectives on food culture and its societal resonance. Balancing this examination with a touch of literary whimsy, we turn to fiction books like "Like Water for Chocolate" by Laura Esquivel and "Chocolat" by Joanne Harris, which infuse culinary delights with the artistry of storytelling, echoing the harmonious interplay between sustenance and creativity.
Speaking of unexpected pairings, let us not forget the internet's capricious memes, such as the "Distracted Boyfriend" and "Cucumber Dog" memes, which humorously capture the essence of delightful distractions and unlikely companionships. The juxtaposition of these lighthearted internet phenomena with the earnest exploration of processed vegetable consumption and musical composition may at first seem discordant, but as the data reveals, there is whimsy to be found in the statistical staccato of correlations.
The connection uncovered in our investigation sparks a cascade of questions and possibilities, much like a ripe tomato bursting with flavor. This interplay between seemingly incongruous elements thrums with an unexpected resonance, akin to the delightful absurdity of a vegetable orchestra – after all, who wouldn't want to attend a "produce" concert? As we savor the quirky nuances of this correlation, we invite fellow researchers to join us in this melodic exploration, embracing the whimsy and reveling in the unexpected harmonies woven into the fabric of our daily lives.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee revealed a strong positive correlation during the period from 2003 to 2020. The correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 indicates a robust linear relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. This unexpected finding suggests that there may be more to the vegetable basket than meets the eye, just like peeling back an onion to reveal its many layers - it's a tear-ific discovery, to say the least!
Furthermore, the calculated r-squared value of 0.6801808 indicates that 68.02% of the variation in the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee can be explained by the variation in US household spending on processed vegetables. It's like finding the perfect recipe for a song, where the ingredients (or in this case, the vegetables) play a crucial role in determining the final product. This unexpected correlation certainly adds a new flavor to the field of consumer behavior research - it's a vegetable medley of statistical intrigue!
Moreover, the statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between these variables. It's as clear as day that there is a tangible connection between the two, much like the tangible crunch of a fresh carrot! The results point to a compelling association that begs the question: are the sounds of music and the crunch of veggies creating a harmonious duet in Tennessee? It seems like these statistical findings have struck a chord with an unexpected veggie-sical twist!
As showcased in Figure 1, the scatterplot visually illustrates the strong positive correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. This striking visual depiction further emphasizes the unexpected but undeniable harmony revealed by our statistical analysis. It's like a visual symphony of data points, coming together in perfect unison like the notes in a musical score!
Overall, these results highlight a noteworthy association that challenges conventional wisdom and prompts further investigation into the intricate interplay of consumer choices and cultural phenomena. Our findings not only unveil a peculiar statistical connection but also encourage a melodic exploration of the uncharted territory where vegetables and music converge. It's a reminder that in the world of research, just like in a vegetable garden, there are always unexpected harmonies waiting to be discovered!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our investigation offer compelling evidence of a robust and statistically significant relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. This unexpected correlation leaves us dancing to the beet of a different drum, shedding light on the harmonious interplay between seemingly unrelated variables. It's as if the melodies of consumer choices are swaying in synchrony with the symphonies of artistic pursuits.

Our findings echo those of previous research, aligning with the works of Smith et al. and Doe and Jones, who uncovered correlations between consumer behavior and cultural influences. The statistical concordance we observed not only corroborates these prior studies but also introduces a vegetable-themed twist to the research landscape. As the data harmonizes with existing literature, it's clear that these findings are not just a bunch of carrots – they represent a substantial advancement in understanding the interconnectedness of consumer spending and artistic endeavors.

The unexpectedly strong correlation coefficient, backed by a significant p-value, bolsters the validity of the relationship between processed vegetable consumption and music composition. The correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 speaks volumes about the coherence between these variables, much like a well-composed melody that resonates with the audience. This result is a testament to the kale-iber of statistical analysis when it unearths surprising and thought-provoking associations.

The r-squared value further reinforces the robust explanation provided by the variation in US household spending on processed vegetables for the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. It's akin to finding the perfect blend of musical notes that create a harmonious composition, where the vegetables seem to play a delightful role in nurturing and inspiring the local music scene. This unexpected synergy challenges traditional paradigms and calls for a fresh a-pair-agus in understanding the culinary-cultural nexus.

The visually compelling scatterplot underscores the harmony between these variables, much like a visual orchestration of the relationship, where the vegetable aisle and musical scores seem to synchronize in an unexpectedly symphonic fashion. It's as if the data points are dancing to a veggie-tune that's orchestrating new avenues of inquiry and resonant with implications for consumer behavior research. This unexpected pairing presents a unique fodder (or should we say "beet"?) for further exploration and discourse in the domain of cultural and consumer studies.

In the spirit of this unexpected correlation, it seems that Tennesseans are not just singing the blues – they're composing a vegetable sonata! Our findings invite a playful riff on conventional associations, urging us to relish the unexpected harmonies that thread through our statistical analyses. With this study, we have struck a chord that resonates with a fresh, crisp note of statistical intrigue, offering a melodic exploration begging for further research. It's a reminder that in the realm of academic inquiry, unexpected harmonies can be the key to unlocking new avenues of discovery. After all, in the words of a corny dad joke, "lettuce turnip the beet and make some celery music"!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on processed vegetables and The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Larbor Statistics, we sought to shed light on this intriguing association. Despite the apparent disparity between processed vegetables and music composition, our findings reveal a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period from 2003 to 2020.

Our analysis revealed a striking positive relationship, indicating that as US household spending on processed vegetables increased, the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee also rose. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering: are Tennesseans finding musical inspiration from their nutrient-rich casseroles and veggie-packed stir-fries? In the words of a corny dad joke, it seems like they've truly bean working on their compositions!

Further exploration of this unexpected correlation may not only enrich our understanding of consumer behavior and cultural influences but also offer a fresh perspective on the symphony of relationships within our society. As researchers, we encourage future studies to consider the produce aisle as a potential uncharted territory for nurturing musical talents. After all, as the old saying goes, "lettuce turnip the beets and make some celery music"!

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Vegetables and music may seem like an unlikely duo, but as we embark on this research journey, we are prepared to uncover the surprising harmony between these seemingly disparate aspects of life. In the illustrious world of statistics, where the "beet" goes on and the numbers sing, we intend to delve into the delightfully unexpected correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in the heart of country music, Tennessee. It's a mystery that's as puzzling as asking a cucumber to play the clarinet – but we're prepared to peel back the layers and discover the rhythm beneath it all.
Understanding the factors that influence the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee is imperative for appreciating the cultural and economic dynamics at play. It's like the old joke about the musician who couldn't afford his celery – he had to drop the beet! But in all seriousness, this peculiar association presents an intriguing puzzle to solve, much like trying to find the right key for a song – it's all about striking the right chord.
Before we dance into the details of our findings, let's consider the broader implications of this connection. Not only does it pique our curiosity, but it also beckons us to reflect on the intricate web of influences shaping our society. It's akin to composing a symphony – each element, no matter how unexpected, plays a vital role in creating the harmonious whole. So, as we embark on this statistical journey, let's remember to keep our ears open for the sweet melodies hidden within the data. After all, as the saying goes, "it's not just about the music – it's about the veggie-tales that accompany it!"

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee revealed a strong positive correlation during the period from 2003 to 2020. The correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 indicates a robust linear relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. This unexpected finding suggests that there may be more to the vegetable basket than meets the eye, just like peeling back an onion to reveal its many layers - it's a tear-ific discovery, to say the least!
Furthermore, the calculated r-squared value of 0.6801808 indicates that 68.02% of the variation in the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee can be explained by the variation in US household spending on processed vegetables. It's like finding the perfect recipe for a song, where the ingredients (or in this case, the vegetables) play a crucial role in determining the final product. This unexpected correlation certainly adds a new flavor to the field of consumer behavior research - it's a vegetable medley of statistical intrigue!
Moreover, the statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between these variables. It's as clear as day that there is a tangible connection between the two, much like the tangible crunch of a fresh carrot! The results point to a compelling association that begs the question: are the sounds of music and the crunch of veggies creating a harmonious duet in Tennessee? It seems like these statistical findings have struck a chord with an unexpected veggie-sical twist!
As showcased in Figure 1, the scatterplot visually illustrates the strong positive correlation between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. This striking visual depiction further emphasizes the unexpected but undeniable harmony revealed by our statistical analysis. It's like a visual symphony of data points, coming together in perfect unison like the notes in a musical score!
Overall, these results highlight a noteworthy association that challenges conventional wisdom and prompts further investigation into the intricate interplay of consumer choices and cultural phenomena. Our findings not only unveil a peculiar statistical connection but also encourage a melodic exploration of the uncharted territory where vegetables and music converge. It's a reminder that in the world of research, just like in a vegetable garden, there are always unexpected harmonies waiting to be discovered!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has uncovered a surprisingly robust and statistically significant relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. It appears that the "beet" goes on, and there's more to this veggie-musical symphony than meets the eye. It's like a melodic salad – you just can't "leaf" out any of the ingredients!

These findings have not only broadened our understanding of consumer behavior and cultural influences but also added an unexpected note of humor to the field of statistical analysis. It's like finding a hidden track on an album – you never knew it was there, but now you can't imagine the album without it!

The implications of this research extend beyond the realm of statistics – they resonate with the rhythm of society itself. It's like discovering a new musical genre that's been quietly playing in the background all along, waiting for its time in the spotlight. As researchers, we encourage further exploration of this unique correlation, as it promises to yield harmonious insights into the interplay of seemingly disparate phenomena.

However, as much as we relish the puns and wordplay that this research has inspired, we must acknowledge that our findings have taken us to the crescendo of this particular inquiry. It seems that when it comes to the connection between processed vegetables and music directors and composers in Tennessee, we've struck the right chord, hit the high note, and composed the perfect finale. There's no need for further research; we've already harvested the ripest, most melodious results from this statistical field. Let's "celery-brate" this unexpected discovery and allow it to "parsley" into the annals of scholarly curiosity!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Veggie Vibes and Music Metrics


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Culinary and Musical Harmony


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Beet-ing to a New Tune: The Harmonious Relationship Between US Household Spending on Processed Vegetables and Tennessee's Music Directors and Composers with an abstract of This paper investigates the curious relationship between US household spending on processed vegetables and the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Larbor Statistics, we sought to shed light on this intriguing association. Despite the apparent disparity between processed vegetables and music composition, our findings reveal a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.8247307 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period from 2003 to 2020.
Our analysis revealed a striking positive relationship, indicating that as US household spending on processed vegetables increased, the number of music directors and composers in Tennessee also rose. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering: are Tennesseans finding musical inspiration from their nutrient-rich casseroles and veggie-packed stir-fries? In the words of a corny dad joke, it seems like they've truly bean working on their compositions!
Further exploration of this unexpected correlation may not only enrich our understanding of consumer behavior and cultural influences but also offer a fresh perspective on the symphony of relationships within our society. As researchers, we encourage future studies to consider the produce aisle as a potential uncharted territory for nurturing musical talents. After all, as the old saying goes, "lettuce turnip the beets and make some celery music"!

ChatGPT:

US household spending, processed vegetables, music directors, composers, Tennessee, relationship, Bureau of Labor Statistics, correlation coefficient, p-value, consumer behavior, cultural influences

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

US household spending on processed vegetables
Detailed data title: Annual US household spend on processed vegetables, as a percentage of total household spend
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
See what else correlates with US household spending on processed vegetables

The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of music directors and composers in Tennessee
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee

Correlation r = 0.8247307 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.6801808 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 68% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., US household spending on processed vegetables) over the 18 years from 2003 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.5E-5. 0.0000254255680758674180000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.82 in 0.0025% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 39,330 random variables You don't actually need 39 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 17 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 17 because we have two variables measured over a period of 18 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.58, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020
US household spending on processed vegetables (Household spend)0.2057970.1889620.1917730.1962810.19340.211940.2241830.2577480.2575190.2527120.2544030.2486210.2322340.2320670.226440.2352020.23320.31304
The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee (Laborers)70706060200280400330460330430320390340180180440560




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Confounding variable: 2020 is particularly different from the other years on this graph. Confounding variables (like global pandemics) will cause two variables to look connected when in fact a "sneaky third" variable is influencing both of them behind the scenes.
  5. Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
    Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.205797,0.188962,0.191773,0.196281,0.1934,0.21194,0.224183,0.257748,0.257519,0.252712,0.254403,0.248621,0.232234,0.232067,0.22644,0.235202,0.2332,0.31304,])
array_2 = np.array([70,70,60,60,200,280,400,330,460,330,430,320,390,340,180,180,440,560,])
array_1_name = "US household spending on processed vegetables"
array_2_name = "The number of music directors and composers in Tennessee"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 2980 · Black Variable ID: 19959 · Red Variable ID: 14473
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