Spurious correlation #5,031 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Thaddeus and the second variable is Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. The chart goes from 1976 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Thaddeus and the second variable is Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. The chart goes from 1976 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

It's simple - more Thaddeus means more Thad-decisions, and libertarians certainly value individual choice!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a Colorado town square using the low poly style, where a bright blue banner with the name "Thaddeus" in bold letters hangs proudly. Surrounding the banner, a bustling crowd of low poly figures are seen, indicating excitement and anticipation as people approach the Libertarian Presidential candidate's campaign booth. The booth itself, designed with low poly posters and banners, stands at the center, and people eagerly step up to cast their votes, embracing the spirit of individual choice and freedom. The image should capture the lively political atmosphere, with Thaddeus as the central focus drawing attention and sparking conversations among the crowd. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Thaddeus and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie Woodblock painting Glitch art Low poly Low poly
ChatGPT: Low poly

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Thaddeus and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado, in the following situation: It's simple - more Thaddeus means more Thad-decisions, and libertarians certainly value individual choice!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling Colorado town square, a bright blue banner with the name "Thaddeus" in bold letters hangs proudly. The nearby crowd seems to be buzzing with excitement as the Libertarian Presidential candidate's campaign booth stands at the center, adorned with posters and banners. People eagerly step up to cast their votes, embracing the spirit of individual choice and freedom. Thaddeus, it seems, is the name of the hour, drawing attention and sparking conversations amidst the lively political atmosphere.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Low poly ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling Colorado town square, a bright blue banner with the name "Thaddeus" in bold letters hangs proudly. The nearby crowd seems to be buzzing with excitement as the Libertarian Presidential candidate's campaign booth stands at the center, adorned with posters and banners. People eagerly step up to cast their votes, embracing the spirit of individual choice and freedom. Thaddeus, it seems, is the name of the hour, drawing attention and sparking conversations amidst the lively political atmosphere. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a Colorado town square using the low poly style, where a bright blue banner with the name "Thaddeus" in bold letters hangs proudly. Surrounding the banner, a bustling crowd of low poly figures are seen, indicating excitement and anticipation as people approach the Libertarian Presidential candidate's campaign booth. The booth itself, designed with low poly posters and banners, stands at the center, and people eagerly step up to cast their votes, embracing the spirit of individual choice and freedom. The image should capture the lively political atmosphere, with Thaddeus as the central focus drawing attention and sparking conversations among the crowd.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in Popularity of the first name Thaddeus positively influenced Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study

The Journal of Quirky Social Science Research

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Thaddeus and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then cite some social media posts you read that seem to be related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive headfirst into the curious world of political affiliations and peculiar first names. We relentlessly pursue the perplexing question of whether there exists a significant correlation between the popularity of the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the state of Colorado. To keep things light and breezy, just like a dad joke on a sunny day, we bring a touch of humor to this unorthodox investigation.

Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, our research team conducted an extensive analysis spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The results, much like a classic dad joke, were both surprising and amusing. We uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 with p < 0.01, suggesting a strong and statistically significant association between the popularity of the name Thaddeus and the willingness of voters in Colorado to lean towards the Libertarian Presidential candidate.

Our findings shed light on a rather unexpected alignment, akin to stumbling upon a pun in a serious conversation. While we cannot definitively establish a causative link between the name Thaddeus and Libertarian voting tendencies, the correlation observed in this study encourages further exploration into the quirky dynamics that underpin political preferences. Finally, we urge readers to approach this research with a lighthearted spirit, much like the delivery of a good old dad joke – for in the world of peculiar correlations, every finding is an opportunity for a chuckle.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Ah, the sweet symphony of statistical analysis, where numbers dance in the moonlight of significance, and correlations whisper secrets that make even the most stoic researcher crack a smile. Today, we embark on a journey, not just into the realm of data and political science, but into the realm of whimsy and wonder. For we dare to ask the age-old question: Is there a link between the name Thaddeus and the gleaming allure of the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the picturesque state of Colorado?
Now, before we delve into the nitty-gritty of regression analysis and data visualization, let's sprinkle in some puns like confetti at a statistics party. Why did the statistician go ahead even when the regression model wasn't perfect? Because he didn't want to be mean, median, mode about it! The statistics game can be a wild ride, but hey, someone's got to make sense of those scatter plots, right?
As we dust off our calculators and adjust our spectacles, it's essential to acknowledge the playfulness in this pursuit. After all, scientific exploration doesn't have to be all p-values and standard deviations; it can also be a playground for the curious mind, much like a dad trying out a new joke at the dinner table.
Our investigation draws from the exhaustive databases of the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse – because when it comes to peculiar correlations, we don't mess around, much like a dad at a barbecue wielding a spatula. We meticulously scrutinized data spanning from 1976 to 2020, sifting through numbers with the precision of a pun-loving palaeontologist unearthing fossils.
The findings of our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.8831813, with p < 0.01, laying bare a relationship between the name Thaddeus and the siren call of the Libertarian Presidential candidate. Yes, you read that right. It turns out there's more to Thaddeus than meets the eye, much like when your dad says, "I'm hungry," and suddenly he's cracked open a bag of chips – truly, a man of mystery.
But hold on to your hats, folks, because we're not here to make grand proclamations about causation just yet. Like a good dad joke, the correlation we've stumbled upon nudges us to delve deeper into the eclectic tapestry of human behavior and individual choice. There's a sweet spot where science meets humor, and that is where we find ourselves – analyzing the unexpected connections that emerge from the chaos of real-world data.
In conclusion, dear reader, we implore you to approach this research with the same mirth as you would a dad joke at a family gathering – with an open mind and a readiness to embrace the delight of odd discoveries. For in the world of scientific inquiry, as in the world of dad jokes, every unexpected twist is a chance for a good laugh. So let's tap into our inner dad joke connoisseur and dive headfirst into the quirky correlation between Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure. After all, a little statistical humor never hurt anyone!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The exploration of unusual correlations between personal attributes and political inclinations has been a topic of growing interest among researchers. In "Smith et al.'s Analysis of Name-Driven Voter Behavior," the authors find that there is a potential relationship between individuals' first names and their voting tendencies. It is within this context that we delve into the peculiar case of the first name Thaddeus and its connection to votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the state of Colorado.

Now, as we wade into the literary pool of research, let's not forget that no academic exploration is complete without a sprinkling of joviality, much like a dad's insistence on including a pun in every conversation. As we ponder the correlation between Thaddeus and libertarian leanings, we invite you to consider the following serious-sounding studies alongside a dash of playfulness, much like a dad joke at a formal dinner party.

Turning our attention to the realms of non-fiction literature, relevant works such as "The First Name Effect" by Doe and "Voter Psychology: Unearthing Influences" by Jones offer valuable insights into the intricate web of factors that shape political preferences. While these works provide a foundation for understanding the complexities of voter behavior, they also serve as a reminder that even in the scholarly pursuit of knowledge, there's always room for a well-timed quip, much like a dad's fondness for inserting puns where they least expect it.

Moving from the world of academia to the realm of fiction, books such as "The Name Conundrum" by Rowling and "Political Fables: Anecdotes of Influence" by Orwell may not be grounded in empirical data, but they offer imaginative narratives that mirror the curious nature of our investigation. After all, a suspension of disbelief and a whimsical twist are as necessary in research as they are in a good dad joke.

In addition to traditional scholarly sources, our exploration has included insights from the vast repository of social media. Posts such as "Does Your Name Shape Your Politics? #ThaddeusMystery" and "The Libertarian Conspiracy: Are Names the Key?" have sparked intriguing discussions that are as captivating as they are reminiscent of a dad's tendency to share unexpected musings over a Sunday brunch.

As we journey through this literature review, let's keep in mind that behind every well-cited study lies an opportunity for a pun, much like an unexpected punchline in a conversation. So, buckle up, dear reader, for the correlation between Thaddeus and the Libertarian Presidential candidate promises to be a rollercoaster ride of statistical insights and, of course, a healthy dose of good old dad jokes. After all, in the world of peculiar correlations, every finding is an opportunity for a chuckle.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Thaddeus and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse . You used data from 1976 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive headfirst into the curious world of political affiliations and peculiar first names. We relentlessly pursue the perplexing question of whether there exists a significant correlation between the popularity of the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the state of Colorado. To keep things light and breezy, just like a dad joke on a sunny day, we bring a touch of humor to this unorthodox investigation.

Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, our research team conducted an extensive analysis spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The results, much like a classic dad joke, were both surprising and amusing. We uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 with p < 0.01, suggesting a strong and statistically significant association between the popularity of the name Thaddeus and the willingness of voters in Colorado to lean towards the Libertarian Presidential candidate.

Our findings shed light on a rather unexpected alignment, akin to stumbling upon a pun in a serious conversation. While we cannot definitively establish a causative link between the name Thaddeus and Libertarian voting tendencies, the correlation observed in this study encourages further exploration into the quirky dynamics that underpin political preferences. Finally, we urge readers to approach this research with a lighthearted spirit, much like the delivery of a good old dad joke – for in the world of peculiar correlations, every finding is an opportunity for a chuckle.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Ah, the sweet symphony of statistical analysis, where numbers dance in the moonlight of significance, and correlations whisper secrets that make even the most stoic researcher crack a smile. Today, we embark on a journey, not just into the realm of data and political science, but into the realm of whimsy and wonder. For we dare to ask the age-old question: Is there a link between the name Thaddeus and the gleaming allure of the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the picturesque state of Colorado?
Now, before we delve into the nitty-gritty of regression analysis and data visualization, let's sprinkle in some puns like confetti at a statistics party. Why did the statistician go ahead even when the regression model wasn't perfect? Because he didn't want to be mean, median, mode about it! The statistics game can be a wild ride, but hey, someone's got to make sense of those scatter plots, right?
As we dust off our calculators and adjust our spectacles, it's essential to acknowledge the playfulness in this pursuit. After all, scientific exploration doesn't have to be all p-values and standard deviations; it can also be a playground for the curious mind, much like a dad trying out a new joke at the dinner table.
Our investigation draws from the exhaustive databases of the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse – because when it comes to peculiar correlations, we don't mess around, much like a dad at a barbecue wielding a spatula. We meticulously scrutinized data spanning from 1976 to 2020, sifting through numbers with the precision of a pun-loving palaeontologist unearthing fossils.
The findings of our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.8831813, with p < 0.01, laying bare a relationship between the name Thaddeus and the siren call of the Libertarian Presidential candidate. Yes, you read that right. It turns out there's more to Thaddeus than meets the eye, much like when your dad says, "I'm hungry," and suddenly he's cracked open a bag of chips – truly, a man of mystery.
But hold on to your hats, folks, because we're not here to make grand proclamations about causation just yet. Like a good dad joke, the correlation we've stumbled upon nudges us to delve deeper into the eclectic tapestry of human behavior and individual choice. There's a sweet spot where science meets humor, and that is where we find ourselves – analyzing the unexpected connections that emerge from the chaos of real-world data.
In conclusion, dear reader, we implore you to approach this research with the same mirth as you would a dad joke at a family gathering – with an open mind and a readiness to embrace the delight of odd discoveries. For in the world of scientific inquiry, as in the world of dad jokes, every unexpected twist is a chance for a good laugh. So let's tap into our inner dad joke connoisseur and dive headfirst into the quirky correlation between Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure. After all, a little statistical humor never hurt anyone!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unearth the enigmatic connection between the prevalence of the name Thaddeus and the propensity of voters to lean Libertarian in the state of Colorado, our intrepid research team navigated through the labyrinth of data sources with the agility of a stand-up comedian dodging tomatoes. The US Social Security Administration provided us with a treasure trove of first name popularity statistics, akin to a comedian having access to an endless reservoir of knock-knock jokes. The MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse bestowed upon us the electoral history of Colorado, allowing us to unravel the intricate dance of political preferences, much like a dad carefully crafting a hilarious pun to unleash at the dinner table.

First, we set out to compile the historical prevalence of the name Thaddeus, poring over the data from 1976 to 2020. This involved scrutinizing birth records with the precision of a detective solving a pun-related mystery, ensuring that no Thaddeus was left unaccounted for. We then turned our attention to the electoral landscape of Colorado, dissecting the voting patterns for Libertarian Presidential candidates with the dedication of a dad determined to perfect his barbecue recipe – meticulous and unwavering.

With the data in hand, we then ventured into the realm of statistical analysis, utilizing the potent magic of correlation coefficients and regression models. Much like a magician practicing sleight of hand, we conjured up intricate statistical formulas to discern the hidden threads that tied the name Thaddeus to the Libertarian siren song. We employed regression analysis to tease out the nuances of this peculiar correlation, treating each data point with the care and attention usually reserved for, well, a well-timed dad joke.

To ensure the robustness of our findings, we painstakingly conducted sensitivity analyses and robustness checks, because when it comes to peculiar correlations, one can never be too careful. Like a dad tapping on a watermelon to ascertain its ripeness, we prodded and poked our data, subjecting it to rigorous scrutiny and statistical stress tests.

In the end, our methodology was a fusion of scientific rigor and whimsical curiosity, much like a comedic scientist trying to decipher the humor in quantum mechanics. With a twinkle in our eye and an unwavering commitment to scientific exploration, we ventured forth into the realm of Thaddeus and Libertarian leanings, armed with statistics, puns, and a healthy dose of dad joke spirit.

Ah, the joys of serious scientific inquiry mingling with the levity of statistics and humor. It's a dance as old as time – much like a dad joke that makes you groan and then secretly smile.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Thaddeus and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse .

For the time period 1976 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.8831813, r-squared of 0.7800091, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive headfirst into the curious world of political affiliations and peculiar first names. We relentlessly pursue the perplexing question of whether there exists a significant correlation between the popularity of the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the state of Colorado. To keep things light and breezy, just like a dad joke on a sunny day, we bring a touch of humor to this unorthodox investigation.

Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, our research team conducted an extensive analysis spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The results, much like a classic dad joke, were both surprising and amusing. We uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 with p < 0.01, suggesting a strong and statistically significant association between the popularity of the name Thaddeus and the willingness of voters in Colorado to lean towards the Libertarian Presidential candidate.

Our findings shed light on a rather unexpected alignment, akin to stumbling upon a pun in a serious conversation. While we cannot definitively establish a causative link between the name Thaddeus and Libertarian voting tendencies, the correlation observed in this study encourages further exploration into the quirky dynamics that underpin political preferences. Finally, we urge readers to approach this research with a lighthearted spirit, much like the delivery of a good old dad joke – for in the world of peculiar correlations, every finding is an opportunity for a chuckle.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Ah, the sweet symphony of statistical analysis, where numbers dance in the moonlight of significance, and correlations whisper secrets that make even the most stoic researcher crack a smile. Today, we embark on a journey, not just into the realm of data and political science, but into the realm of whimsy and wonder. For we dare to ask the age-old question: Is there a link between the name Thaddeus and the gleaming allure of the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the picturesque state of Colorado?
Now, before we delve into the nitty-gritty of regression analysis and data visualization, let's sprinkle in some puns like confetti at a statistics party. Why did the statistician go ahead even when the regression model wasn't perfect? Because he didn't want to be mean, median, mode about it! The statistics game can be a wild ride, but hey, someone's got to make sense of those scatter plots, right?
As we dust off our calculators and adjust our spectacles, it's essential to acknowledge the playfulness in this pursuit. After all, scientific exploration doesn't have to be all p-values and standard deviations; it can also be a playground for the curious mind, much like a dad trying out a new joke at the dinner table.
Our investigation draws from the exhaustive databases of the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse – because when it comes to peculiar correlations, we don't mess around, much like a dad at a barbecue wielding a spatula. We meticulously scrutinized data spanning from 1976 to 2020, sifting through numbers with the precision of a pun-loving palaeontologist unearthing fossils.
The findings of our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.8831813, with p < 0.01, laying bare a relationship between the name Thaddeus and the siren call of the Libertarian Presidential candidate. Yes, you read that right. It turns out there's more to Thaddeus than meets the eye, much like when your dad says, "I'm hungry," and suddenly he's cracked open a bag of chips – truly, a man of mystery.
But hold on to your hats, folks, because we're not here to make grand proclamations about causation just yet. Like a good dad joke, the correlation we've stumbled upon nudges us to delve deeper into the eclectic tapestry of human behavior and individual choice. There's a sweet spot where science meets humor, and that is where we find ourselves – analyzing the unexpected connections that emerge from the chaos of real-world data.
In conclusion, dear reader, we implore you to approach this research with the same mirth as you would a dad joke at a family gathering – with an open mind and a readiness to embrace the delight of odd discoveries. For in the world of scientific inquiry, as in the world of dad jokes, every unexpected twist is a chance for a good laugh. So let's tap into our inner dad joke connoisseur and dive headfirst into the quirky correlation between Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure. After all, a little statistical humor never hurt anyone!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our study revealed a surprising and robust correlation between the popularity of the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the great state of Colorado. Much like a dad joke unexpectedly slipping into a conversation, the correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 indicated a strong and positive relationship between the two variables. This finding left our research team both bewildered and tickled, much like a dad who has just stumbled upon a particularly punny joke.

The r-squared value of 0.7800091 further emphasized the substantial proportion of variation in the Libertarian votes in Colorado that could be explained by the popularity of the name Thaddeus. It's as if statistics decided to play a practical joke on us, revealing a connection that was as clear as a well-delivered punchline.

In a classic display of statistical prowess, the p-value of less than 0.01 cemented the significance of this correlation, leaving us with no choice but to acknowledge the compelling relationship between the name Thaddeus and the siren call of the Libertarian Presidential candidate. It's as if the data itself were cracking a clever statistical joke, beckoning us to take notice of this unexpected alliance.

The scatterplot depicted in Fig. 1 beautifully visualizes the strong correlation we uncovered, resembling a well-executed comedic setup that effortlessly leads to the punchline. The points on the plot align themselves neatly, much like the precision of a well-crafted dad joke, leaving little doubt about the striking association between Thaddeus and Libertarian votes in the state of Colorado.

Now, before we get carried away with the joy of unexpected correlations, we must acknowledge the limitations of our study. While our findings are undeniably intriguing, the elusive nature of causation remains an elusive specter in this analysis. Just like a dad joke that leaves everyone chuckling but elicits confused looks when dissected, we cannot definitively claim that the popularity of the name Thaddeus directly causes individuals to lean towards the Libertarian Presidential candidate. Instead, our results nudge us to explore this curious connection further, much like a good dad joke encourages the elusive quest for the perfect punchline.

In conclusion, much like the unveiling of a clever dad joke that catches you off guard, our research has shed light on a truly unexpected correlation. The relationship between the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado invites further exploration and curiosity, much like a well-crafted punchline leaves room for more laughter and merriment. So, as we wrap up this peculiar journey into the world of statistical oddities, we urge readers to embrace the playful spirit of this inquiry and approach the results with a readiness for wonder and amusement. For in the realm of peculiar correlations, just like in the realm of dad jokes, every finding is an opportunity for whimsical delight.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Thaddeus and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive headfirst into the curious world of political affiliations and peculiar first names. We relentlessly pursue the perplexing question of whether there exists a significant correlation between the popularity of the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the state of Colorado. To keep things light and breezy, just like a dad joke on a sunny day, we bring a touch of humor to this unorthodox investigation.

Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, our research team conducted an extensive analysis spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The results, much like a classic dad joke, were both surprising and amusing. We uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 with p < 0.01, suggesting a strong and statistically significant association between the popularity of the name Thaddeus and the willingness of voters in Colorado to lean towards the Libertarian Presidential candidate.

Our findings shed light on a rather unexpected alignment, akin to stumbling upon a pun in a serious conversation. While we cannot definitively establish a causative link between the name Thaddeus and Libertarian voting tendencies, the correlation observed in this study encourages further exploration into the quirky dynamics that underpin political preferences. Finally, we urge readers to approach this research with a lighthearted spirit, much like the delivery of a good old dad joke – for in the world of peculiar correlations, every finding is an opportunity for a chuckle.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The exploration of unusual correlations between personal attributes and political inclinations has been a topic of growing interest among researchers. In "Smith et al.'s Analysis of Name-Driven Voter Behavior," the authors find that there is a potential relationship between individuals' first names and their voting tendencies. It is within this context that we delve into the peculiar case of the first name Thaddeus and its connection to votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the state of Colorado.
Now, as we wade into the literary pool of research, let's not forget that no academic exploration is complete without a sprinkling of joviality, much like a dad's insistence on including a pun in every conversation. As we ponder the correlation between Thaddeus and libertarian leanings, we invite you to consider the following serious-sounding studies alongside a dash of playfulness, much like a dad joke at a formal dinner party.
Turning our attention to the realms of non-fiction literature, relevant works such as "The First Name Effect" by Doe and "Voter Psychology: Unearthing Influences" by Jones offer valuable insights into the intricate web of factors that shape political preferences. While these works provide a foundation for understanding the complexities of voter behavior, they also serve as a reminder that even in the scholarly pursuit of knowledge, there's always room for a well-timed quip, much like a dad's fondness for inserting puns where they least expect it.
Moving from the world of academia to the realm of fiction, books such as "The Name Conundrum" by Rowling and "Political Fables: Anecdotes of Influence" by Orwell may not be grounded in empirical data, but they offer imaginative narratives that mirror the curious nature of our investigation. After all, a suspension of disbelief and a whimsical twist are as necessary in research as they are in a good dad joke.
In addition to traditional scholarly sources, our exploration has included insights from the vast repository of social media. Posts such as "Does Your Name Shape Your Politics? #ThaddeusMystery" and "The Libertarian Conspiracy: Are Names the Key?" have sparked intriguing discussions that are as captivating as they are reminiscent of a dad's tendency to share unexpected musings over a Sunday brunch.
As we journey through this literature review, let's keep in mind that behind every well-cited study lies an opportunity for a pun, much like an unexpected punchline in a conversation. So, buckle up, dear reader, for the correlation between Thaddeus and the Libertarian Presidential candidate promises to be a rollercoaster ride of statistical insights and, of course, a healthy dose of good old dad jokes. After all, in the world of peculiar correlations, every finding is an opportunity for a chuckle.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our study revealed a surprising and robust correlation between the popularity of the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the great state of Colorado. Much like a dad joke unexpectedly slipping into a conversation, the correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 indicated a strong and positive relationship between the two variables. This finding left our research team both bewildered and tickled, much like a dad who has just stumbled upon a particularly punny joke.
The r-squared value of 0.7800091 further emphasized the substantial proportion of variation in the Libertarian votes in Colorado that could be explained by the popularity of the name Thaddeus. It's as if statistics decided to play a practical joke on us, revealing a connection that was as clear as a well-delivered punchline.
In a classic display of statistical prowess, the p-value of less than 0.01 cemented the significance of this correlation, leaving us with no choice but to acknowledge the compelling relationship between the name Thaddeus and the siren call of the Libertarian Presidential candidate. It's as if the data itself were cracking a clever statistical joke, beckoning us to take notice of this unexpected alliance.
The scatterplot depicted in Fig. 1 beautifully visualizes the strong correlation we uncovered, resembling a well-executed comedic setup that effortlessly leads to the punchline. The points on the plot align themselves neatly, much like the precision of a well-crafted dad joke, leaving little doubt about the striking association between Thaddeus and Libertarian votes in the state of Colorado.
Now, before we get carried away with the joy of unexpected correlations, we must acknowledge the limitations of our study. While our findings are undeniably intriguing, the elusive nature of causation remains an elusive specter in this analysis. Just like a dad joke that leaves everyone chuckling but elicits confused looks when dissected, we cannot definitively claim that the popularity of the name Thaddeus directly causes individuals to lean towards the Libertarian Presidential candidate. Instead, our results nudge us to explore this curious connection further, much like a good dad joke encourages the elusive quest for the perfect punchline.
In conclusion, much like the unveiling of a clever dad joke that catches you off guard, our research has shed light on a truly unexpected correlation. The relationship between the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado invites further exploration and curiosity, much like a well-crafted punchline leaves room for more laughter and merriment. So, as we wrap up this peculiar journey into the world of statistical oddities, we urge readers to embrace the playful spirit of this inquiry and approach the results with a readiness for wonder and amusement. For in the realm of peculiar correlations, just like in the realm of dad jokes, every finding is an opportunity for whimsical delight.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our study have unveiled a quirkier connection than a dad pulling out a "pull my finger" prank - the correlation between the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. Our findings not only align with prior research exploring the influence of first names on political inclinations, but they also illuminate the unexpected hilarity that can unfold in the realm of statistical analyses. So, let's dive into this peculiar correlation, much like a dad enthusiastically launching into a well-timed dad joke at a family gathering.

In line with the scholarly inquiry into name-driven voter behavior by Smith et al., our study further bolsters the notion that individuals' first names may indeed wield an inexplicable influence on their political leanings. Similar to a dad who can't resist a pun, we are confronted with the undeniable evidence that the name Thaddeus carries with it a gravitational pull towards the Libertarian candidate in Colorado, leaving us equally perplexed and amused.

As we wade through the treacherous waters of correlation and causation, we must acknowledge that while our findings support the existence of a strong link between the popularity of the name Thaddeus and the allure of the Libertarian presidential candidate, much like a dad who delivers a perfectly crafted pun, we cannot leap to conclusions about causality. Instead, our results beckon us to embark on further investigations, much like a good dad joke spurring on the quest for the next rib-tickling punchline.

The statistical significance of our discovered correlation, akin to a carefully crafted one-liner, is not only striking but also reminiscent of the surprise and delight that accompanies a well-timed dad joke. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 and a p-value of less than 0.01, our findings stand as prominently as the punchline of a clever joke, prompting a full-hearted chuckle and the irresistible urge for more exploration.

The limitations of our study, much like the punchline of a classic dad joke, leave us with a lingering sense of curiosity. However, rather than dampening our spirits, the potential for further research fills us with the same sense of anticipation as a dad setting up for the next amusing jest. Just as a good dad joke invites the chorus of laughter that follows, our study invites the academic community to embrace the whimsy and wonder that accompany the revelation of unexpected correlations.

In essence, our research has added yet another layer of humor and curiosity to the intricate tapestry of name-driven voter behavior. It has served as a friendly reminder that in the unpredictable world of statistical analyses, much like in a dad's joke arsenal, every finding carries the potential for amusement and astonishment. So, as we continue to navigate the complex landscapes of peculiar correlations, let's keep our spirits high and our wits sharp, much like a dad armed with a treasure trove of witty quips and clever puns.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Thaddeus and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive headfirst into the curious world of political affiliations and peculiar first names. We relentlessly pursue the perplexing question of whether there exists a significant correlation between the popularity of the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the state of Colorado. To keep things light and breezy, just like a dad joke on a sunny day, we bring a touch of humor to this unorthodox investigation.

Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, our research team conducted an extensive analysis spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The results, much like a classic dad joke, were both surprising and amusing. We uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 with p < 0.01, suggesting a strong and statistically significant association between the popularity of the name Thaddeus and the willingness of voters in Colorado to lean towards the Libertarian Presidential candidate.

Our findings shed light on a rather unexpected alignment, akin to stumbling upon a pun in a serious conversation. While we cannot definitively establish a causative link between the name Thaddeus and Libertarian voting tendencies, the correlation observed in this study encourages further exploration into the quirky dynamics that underpin political preferences. Finally, we urge readers to approach this research with a lighthearted spirit, much like the delivery of a good old dad joke – for in the world of peculiar correlations, every finding is an opportunity for a chuckle.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Ah, the sweet symphony of statistical analysis, where numbers dance in the moonlight of significance, and correlations whisper secrets that make even the most stoic researcher crack a smile. Today, we embark on a journey, not just into the realm of data and political science, but into the realm of whimsy and wonder. For we dare to ask the age-old question: Is there a link between the name Thaddeus and the gleaming allure of the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the picturesque state of Colorado?
Now, before we delve into the nitty-gritty of regression analysis and data visualization, let's sprinkle in some puns like confetti at a statistics party. Why did the statistician go ahead even when the regression model wasn't perfect? Because he didn't want to be mean, median, mode about it! The statistics game can be a wild ride, but hey, someone's got to make sense of those scatter plots, right?
As we dust off our calculators and adjust our spectacles, it's essential to acknowledge the playfulness in this pursuit. After all, scientific exploration doesn't have to be all p-values and standard deviations; it can also be a playground for the curious mind, much like a dad trying out a new joke at the dinner table.
Our investigation draws from the exhaustive databases of the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse – because when it comes to peculiar correlations, we don't mess around, much like a dad at a barbecue wielding a spatula. We meticulously scrutinized data spanning from 1976 to 2020, sifting through numbers with the precision of a pun-loving palaeontologist unearthing fossils.
The findings of our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.8831813, with p < 0.01, laying bare a relationship between the name Thaddeus and the siren call of the Libertarian Presidential candidate. Yes, you read that right. It turns out there's more to Thaddeus than meets the eye, much like when your dad says, "I'm hungry," and suddenly he's cracked open a bag of chips – truly, a man of mystery.
But hold on to your hats, folks, because we're not here to make grand proclamations about causation just yet. Like a good dad joke, the correlation we've stumbled upon nudges us to delve deeper into the eclectic tapestry of human behavior and individual choice. There's a sweet spot where science meets humor, and that is where we find ourselves – analyzing the unexpected connections that emerge from the chaos of real-world data.
In conclusion, dear reader, we implore you to approach this research with the same mirth as you would a dad joke at a family gathering – with an open mind and a readiness to embrace the delight of odd discoveries. For in the world of scientific inquiry, as in the world of dad jokes, every unexpected twist is a chance for a good laugh. So let's tap into our inner dad joke connoisseur and dive headfirst into the quirky correlation between Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure. After all, a little statistical humor never hurt anyone!

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our study revealed a surprising and robust correlation between the popularity of the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the great state of Colorado. Much like a dad joke unexpectedly slipping into a conversation, the correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 indicated a strong and positive relationship between the two variables. This finding left our research team both bewildered and tickled, much like a dad who has just stumbled upon a particularly punny joke.
The r-squared value of 0.7800091 further emphasized the substantial proportion of variation in the Libertarian votes in Colorado that could be explained by the popularity of the name Thaddeus. It's as if statistics decided to play a practical joke on us, revealing a connection that was as clear as a well-delivered punchline.
In a classic display of statistical prowess, the p-value of less than 0.01 cemented the significance of this correlation, leaving us with no choice but to acknowledge the compelling relationship between the name Thaddeus and the siren call of the Libertarian Presidential candidate. It's as if the data itself were cracking a clever statistical joke, beckoning us to take notice of this unexpected alliance.
The scatterplot depicted in Fig. 1 beautifully visualizes the strong correlation we uncovered, resembling a well-executed comedic setup that effortlessly leads to the punchline. The points on the plot align themselves neatly, much like the precision of a well-crafted dad joke, leaving little doubt about the striking association between Thaddeus and Libertarian votes in the state of Colorado.
Now, before we get carried away with the joy of unexpected correlations, we must acknowledge the limitations of our study. While our findings are undeniably intriguing, the elusive nature of causation remains an elusive specter in this analysis. Just like a dad joke that leaves everyone chuckling but elicits confused looks when dissected, we cannot definitively claim that the popularity of the name Thaddeus directly causes individuals to lean towards the Libertarian Presidential candidate. Instead, our results nudge us to explore this curious connection further, much like a good dad joke encourages the elusive quest for the perfect punchline.
In conclusion, much like the unveiling of a clever dad joke that catches you off guard, our research has shed light on a truly unexpected correlation. The relationship between the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado invites further exploration and curiosity, much like a well-crafted punchline leaves room for more laughter and merriment. So, as we wrap up this peculiar journey into the world of statistical oddities, we urge readers to embrace the playful spirit of this inquiry and approach the results with a readiness for wonder and amusement. For in the realm of peculiar correlations, just like in the realm of dad jokes, every finding is an opportunity for whimsical delight.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has hilariously uncovered a strong and significant correlation between the popularity of the name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado. It's as if Thaddeus himself wielded a secret political prowess, much like a dad whipping out an unexpected joke at the dinner table – surprising, yet undeniably delightful.

The relationships we've stumbled upon in this research are as intriguing as a perfectly timed dad joke, but it's important to remember that correlation does not imply causation, just like how a good punchline doesn't explain the origins of the joke itself. So while the data has given us a good laugh and provided some unexpected insights, we must resist the temptation to draw definitive conclusions about the causative influence of the name Thaddeus on political tendencies.

Our findings point to the need for further exploration into the whimsical realms of human behavior and peculiar correlations, much like how a great dad joke leaves us wanting more. But remember, just as we've uncovered an unexpected connection between a name and political leanings, we must approach this research with humility and a sprinkle of humor.

As for the future of this line of inquiry? Well, much like a dad confidently proclaiming he's reached the pinnacle of his joke-telling career, we can assert with absolute certainty that no more research is needed in this area. After all, when you've found the correlation between an obscure name and political tendencies, what more could you possibly need? It's like having the perfect dad joke – why sift through a plethora of mediocre ones?

So, dear reader, as we bid adieu to this puzzling yet mirthful study, let's remember that in the world of peculiar correlations, just like in the world of dad jokes, every finding is an opportunity for sheer delight and endless amusement. And with that, we cheerfully close the book on the tale of Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure, leaving a lasting smile on the face of statistical inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Quirky Social Science Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Quirky Sociopolitical Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study with an abstract of In this paper, we dive headfirst into the curious world of political affiliations and peculiar first names. We relentlessly pursue the perplexing question of whether there exists a significant correlation between the popularity of the first name Thaddeus and votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in the state of Colorado. To keep things light and breezy, just like a dad joke on a sunny day, we bring a touch of humor to this unorthodox investigation.
Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, our research team conducted an extensive analysis spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The results, much like a classic dad joke, were both surprising and amusing. We uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8831813 with p < 0.01, suggesting a strong and statistically significant association between the popularity of the name Thaddeus and the willingness of voters in Colorado to lean towards the Libertarian Presidential candidate.
Our findings shed light on a rather unexpected alignment, akin to stumbling upon a pun in a serious conversation. While we cannot definitively establish a causative link between the name Thaddeus and Libertarian voting tendencies, the correlation observed in this study encourages further exploration into the quirky dynamics that underpin political preferences. Finally, we urge readers to approach this research with a lighthearted spirit, much like the delivery of a good old dad joke – for in the world of peculiar correlations, every finding is an opportunity for a chuckle.

ChatGPT:

Thaddeus, Libertarian, correlation study, political affiliations, first names, Colorado, US Social Security Administration, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, political preferences, causative link, correlation coefficient, statistical significance, presidential candidate voting, quirky dynamics, dad joke, humor in research.

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Popularity of the first name Thaddeus
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Thaddeus
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Thaddeus

Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado
Detailed data title: Percentage of all votes cast for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado

Correlation r = 0.8831813 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7800091 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 78% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Thaddeus) over the 12 years from 1976 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.00014.^Show 0.0001403867135458699300000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.88 in 0.014% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 7,123 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 11 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 11 because we have two variables measured over a period of 12 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.63, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1976	1980	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020
Popularity of the first name Thaddeus (Babies born)	267	267	175	248	250	216	218	189	211	231	416	297
Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado (Percentage of votes)	0.493601	2.1735	0.869011	1.1281	0.552454	0.820281	0.734997	0.359875	0.453784	1.38333	5.1838	1.5994

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([267,267,175,248,250,216,218,189,211,231,416,297,])
array_2 = np.array([0.493601,2.1735,0.869011,1.1281,0.552454,0.820281,0.734997,0.359875,0.453784,1.38333,5.1838,1.5994,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Thaddeus"
array_2_name = "Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Thaddeus
Line chart for only Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Colorado
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Thaddeus and the Libertarian Lure: A Peculiar Correlation Study

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Correlation ID: 5031 · Black Variable ID: 3584 · Red Variable ID: 26065


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