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Spurious correlation #1,780 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of fashion designers in Florida and the second variable is University Lecturer salaries in the US.  The chart goes from 2009 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As more fashion designers flocked to Florida, it led to a surge in unique and flamboyant fashion trends. This created a sudden demand for expert fashion history and theory lecturers across the country. As universities scrambled to keep up with the latest haute couture curriculum, they had to offer higher salaries to attract and retain the most fashionable academic talent. So, in a twist no one saw coming, the Sunshine State's affinity for style inadvertently elevated the bank accounts of university lecturers nationwide. After all, it's not just the students who deserve a well-tailored education!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that emulates a Discovery magazine cover with the scene set in a bustling Florida city. Capture a group of fashion designers gathered outside a chic boutique, engrossed in sketching designs and lively discussions about the latest trends. On the opposite side of the street, university lecturers walk contentedly toward the campus, carrying books and papers. One lecturer beams with a smile while engaging in a discussion with a colleague. Show the warm glow of the setting sun creating a striking background for the scene, imbuing the visuals with a sense of warmth and vibrancy. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of fashion designers in Florida and University Lecturer salaries in the US. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: inspired by bauhaus Cybernetic art A Discovery magazine cover image Surrealism Brutalism
ChatGPT: A Discovery magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of fashion designers in Florida and University Lecturer salaries in the US together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling city in Florida, a group of fashion designers gather outside a stylish boutique. They're busy sketching designs and discussing the latest trends. Across the street, a group of university lecturers walk towards the campus, carrying books and papers. The lecturers look content, and one of them smiles as they chat with a colleague. In the background, the sun is setting, casting a warm glow over the scene.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A Discovery magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling city in Florida, a group of fashion designers gather outside a stylish boutique. They're busy sketching designs and discussing the latest trends. Across the street, a group of university lecturers walk towards the campus, carrying books and papers. The lecturers look content, and one of them smiles as they chat with a colleague. In the background, the sun is setting, casting a warm glow over the scene. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that emulates a Discovery magazine cover with the scene set in a bustling Florida city. Capture a group of fashion designers gathered outside a chic boutique, engrossed in sketching designs and lively discussions about the latest trends. On the opposite side of the street, university lecturers walk contentedly toward the campus, carrying books and papers. One lecturer beams with a smile while engaging in a discussion with a colleague. Show the warm glow of the setting sun creating a striking background for the scene, imbuing the visuals with a sense of warmth and vibrancy.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in The number of fashion designers in Florida positively influenced University Lecturer salaries in the US. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US

The Journal of Fashionomics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fashion designers in Florida and University Lecturer salaries in the US. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and National Center for Education Statistics to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and p < 0.01 for 2009 to 2021.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing relationship between the flourishing number of fashion designers in the sunny state of Florida and the remuneration of university lecturers nationwide. Leveraging data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we unearthed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and a seismic p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2009 to 2021. Our findings exhibit a trend that is sewn into the fabric of the US labor market, showcasing how the surge in sartorial sensation in Florida parallels the spike in scholastic salaries across the entire country. Get ready to indulge in this unexpected hem of economic and educational intertwining, as we reveal how the glitz and glamor of the fashion world may be threading its influence into the tapestry of academia.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fashion designers in Florida and University Lecturer salaries in the US. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing relationship between the flourishing number of fashion designers in the sunny state of Florida and the remuneration of university lecturers nationwide. Leveraging data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we unearthed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and a seismic p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2009 to 2021. Our findings exhibit a trend that is sewn into the fabric of the US labor market, showcasing how the surge in sartorial sensation in Florida parallels the spike in scholastic salaries across the entire country. Get ready to indulge in this unexpected hem of economic and educational intertwining, as we reveal how the glitz and glamor of the fashion world may be threading its influence into the tapestry of academia.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The intersection of fashion and academia may seem like the stitching together of two completely disparate worlds. However, our research endeavors to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the bustling world of fashion designers in Florida and the financial fortunes of university lecturers across the United States. While it may appear that these two realms exist light years apart, our findings promise to illuminate the unexpected connections that underpin the colorful tapestry of the labor market.

When one thinks of Florida, images of sunny beaches, swaying palm trees, and vibrant fashion scenes may come to mind. Indeed, the Sunshine State has long been a hotbed for sartorial innovation and style, with fashion designers flocking to its sandy shores to weave their creative visions into reality. At the same time, the world of academia stands as a bastion of knowledge and enlightenment, with university lecturers striving to impart wisdom to eager minds across the country. Little did we know that these seemingly unrelated worlds could be entwined in a peculiar dance of statistical significance.

Our study delves into the intriguing correlation between the number of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers in the US. While the connection may initially appear as flimsy as a threadbare garment, our analysis reveals a robust and significant relationship that defies conventional wisdom. By examining data from reputable sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we have meticulously traced the ebb and flow of these two seemingly unrelated phenomena.

The allure of this investigation lies in its unexpected nature, akin to stumbling upon a pair of stilettos in a library, or finding a pocket square in the pocket of a lab coat. While the statistical rigor underpinning our analysis remains unyielding, the implications of our findings may have you reaching for your most stylish thinking cap. We invite you to join us as we unravel the intricate web of factors that intertwine the world of fashion with the ivory towers of academia, and as we explore how the rise of hemlines may indeed be linked to the rise of earning potential for educators. So, grab your spectacles and be prepared to embark on a scholarly journey that will have you saying "well, isn't that sew interesting!"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fashion designers in Florida and University Lecturer salaries in the US. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing relationship between the flourishing number of fashion designers in the sunny state of Florida and the remuneration of university lecturers nationwide. Leveraging data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we unearthed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and a seismic p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2009 to 2021. Our findings exhibit a trend that is sewn into the fabric of the US labor market, showcasing how the surge in sartorial sensation in Florida parallels the spike in scholastic salaries across the entire country. Get ready to indulge in this unexpected hem of economic and educational intertwining, as we reveal how the glitz and glamor of the fashion world may be threading its influence into the tapestry of academia.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of fashion and academia may seem like the stitching together of two completely disparate worlds. However, our research endeavors to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the bustling world of fashion designers in Florida and the financial fortunes of university lecturers across the United States. While it may appear that these two realms exist light years apart, our findings promise to illuminate the unexpected connections that underpin the colorful tapestry of the labor market.
When one thinks of Florida, images of sunny beaches, swaying palm trees, and vibrant fashion scenes may come to mind. Indeed, the Sunshine State has long been a hotbed for sartorial innovation and style, with fashion designers flocking to its sandy shores to weave their creative visions into reality. At the same time, the world of academia stands as a bastion of knowledge and enlightenment, with university lecturers striving to impart wisdom to eager minds across the country. Little did we know that these seemingly unrelated worlds could be entwined in a peculiar dance of statistical significance.
Our study delves into the intriguing correlation between the number of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers in the US. While the connection may initially appear as flimsy as a threadbare garment, our analysis reveals a robust and significant relationship that defies conventional wisdom. By examining data from reputable sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we have meticulously traced the ebb and flow of these two seemingly unrelated phenomena.
The allure of this investigation lies in its unexpected nature, akin to stumbling upon a pair of stilettos in a library, or finding a pocket square in the pocket of a lab coat. While the statistical rigor underpinning our analysis remains unyielding, the implications of our findings may have you reaching for your most stylish thinking cap. We invite you to join us as we unravel the intricate web of factors that intertwine the world of fashion with the ivory towers of academia, and as we explore how the rise of hemlines may indeed be linked to the rise of earning potential for educators. So, grab your spectacles and be prepared to embark on a scholarly journey that will have you saying "well, isn't that sew interesting!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

At first glance, it may seem as though connections between the number of fashion designers in Florida and university lecturer salaries in the United States are about as elusive as finding a needle in a haystack. Yet, as we delve deeper into the literature, a surprisingly cohesive fabric of evidence begins to emerge, shedding light on the intricate and, at times, downright whimsical relationships between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.

In "The Impact of Regional Creative Clusters on Labor Market Outcomes," Smith et al. present a comprehensive analysis of creative industries across various regions of the United States. Though their focus is not on Florida per se, their findings point to the undeniable influence of creative clusters on labor market dynamics. While this research does not explicitly address the sartorial sector, it lays the groundwork for our investigation by highlighting the broader impact of creative industries on labor markets.

Moving on to a slightly more tailored approach, Doe's study "The Economic Impact of the Fashion Industry" introduces a comprehensive assessment of the economic contributions of the fashion sector. Doe showcases the far-reaching implications of fashion-related activities on employment, trade, and income generation. Though the study does not directly measure the spillover effects of Florida's fashion scene on other sectors, its insights provide a valuable backdrop for our exploration of fashion's potential impact on academic salaries.

Jones and colleagues, in "From Catwalk to Campus: Exploring Unconventional Influences on Educational Economics," venture into the uncharted territory of unconventional influences on educational economics. While their scholarly work does not explicitly touch upon the intersection of fashion and academia, their approach encourages us to consider the unorthodox factors that may shape educational labor market dynamics.

As we transition from these serious and scholarly sources, let us entertain the idea that inspiration can be found in unexpected places. Drawing upon the fictitious world of literature, we cannot overlook the potential influence of non-fiction narratives such as "The Devil Wears Prada" by Lauren Weisberger, where the haute couture industry takes center stage. While this work may seem unrelated at first glance, the notion of trends, pressures, and influence cascading from the fashion world could indeed have bearing on our investigation.

Additionally, the playful yet impactful world of fiction beckons us to consider the potential connections presented in "Confessions of a Shopaholic" by Sophie Kinsella. Though the title may evoke images of retail therapy rather than statistical rigor, the undercurrents of the fashion world's sway on the protagonist's life may provide an unexpected lens through which to view our investigation.

Furthermore, the board game "Fashion Show" prompts players to navigate the competitive realm of fashion design, highlighting the strategic decisions and unpredictable outcomes that characterize the industry. While the game serves primarily as entertainment, its thematic elements offer a lighthearted yet thought-provoking parallel to our explorations.

As we embark on this whimsical journey of inquiry, these unexpected sources serve as a reminder that, at times, the most unconventional paths may lead to the most intriguing discoveries. So, grab your fashion-forward spectacles and fasten your academic ascot as we unravel the rich tapestry of connections that tie the world of fashion to the halls of higher learning.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fashion designers in Florida and University Lecturer salaries in the US. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and National Center for Education Statistics . You used data from 2009 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing relationship between the flourishing number of fashion designers in the sunny state of Florida and the remuneration of university lecturers nationwide. Leveraging data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we unearthed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and a seismic p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2009 to 2021. Our findings exhibit a trend that is sewn into the fabric of the US labor market, showcasing how the surge in sartorial sensation in Florida parallels the spike in scholastic salaries across the entire country. Get ready to indulge in this unexpected hem of economic and educational intertwining, as we reveal how the glitz and glamor of the fashion world may be threading its influence into the tapestry of academia.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of fashion and academia may seem like the stitching together of two completely disparate worlds. However, our research endeavors to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the bustling world of fashion designers in Florida and the financial fortunes of university lecturers across the United States. While it may appear that these two realms exist light years apart, our findings promise to illuminate the unexpected connections that underpin the colorful tapestry of the labor market.
When one thinks of Florida, images of sunny beaches, swaying palm trees, and vibrant fashion scenes may come to mind. Indeed, the Sunshine State has long been a hotbed for sartorial innovation and style, with fashion designers flocking to its sandy shores to weave their creative visions into reality. At the same time, the world of academia stands as a bastion of knowledge and enlightenment, with university lecturers striving to impart wisdom to eager minds across the country. Little did we know that these seemingly unrelated worlds could be entwined in a peculiar dance of statistical significance.
Our study delves into the intriguing correlation between the number of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers in the US. While the connection may initially appear as flimsy as a threadbare garment, our analysis reveals a robust and significant relationship that defies conventional wisdom. By examining data from reputable sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we have meticulously traced the ebb and flow of these two seemingly unrelated phenomena.
The allure of this investigation lies in its unexpected nature, akin to stumbling upon a pair of stilettos in a library, or finding a pocket square in the pocket of a lab coat. While the statistical rigor underpinning our analysis remains unyielding, the implications of our findings may have you reaching for your most stylish thinking cap. We invite you to join us as we unravel the intricate web of factors that intertwine the world of fashion with the ivory towers of academia, and as we explore how the rise of hemlines may indeed be linked to the rise of earning potential for educators. So, grab your spectacles and be prepared to embark on a scholarly journey that will have you saying "well, isn't that sew interesting!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

In our methodological approach to uncovering the perplexing relationship between the burgeoning population of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers across the United States, we employed a combination of data collection, statistical analysis, and a touch of sartorial flair. Our research team meticulously combed through a myriad of sources, primarily drawing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, among other reputable repositories of scholarly and labor market information.

To begin our foray into this enthralling junction of fashion and academia, we first gathered comprehensive data on the number of fashion designers in Florida from 2009 to 2021. Leveraging the Bureau of Labor Statistics' rich repository of employment figures, we meticulously tracked the ebb and flow of fashion designer occupations, ensuring that our dataset was a true reflection of the sartorial landscape in the Sunshine State. As the saying goes, "measure twice, cut once," and indeed, we took great care to ensure the precision and accuracy of our fashion designer data.

Simultaneously, we cast our statistical net far and wide to capture information on the salaries of university lecturers across the US during the same time period. With the National Center for Education Statistics serving as our beacon of scholarly illumination, we amassed a treasure trove of salary data, taking into account variations across different academic disciplines, institutional types, and geographic regions. We meticulously tabulated this data, ensuring that our analysis captured the diverse tapestry of remuneration in the field of higher education.

Having amassed our trove of data, we then embarked on the rigorous journey of statistical analysis. Employing the time-tested tools of correlation analysis, regression modeling, and a dash of sophisticated econometric techniques, we sought to discern the presence and strength of any relationship between the number of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers across the US. Our code was as tight-knit as a well-crafted cable knit sweater, ensuring that our analysis was both robust and reliable – much like a sturdy pair of scholarly wingtips.

Now, dear reader, as we guide you through the twists and turns of our methodological maze, we must confess that alongside our rigorous statistical approach, we also embraced a bit of whimsy. After all, it is said that "fashion is art, and you are the canvas." In a similar spirit, we recognize that research is an art, and our statistical canvas was marked with the bold strokes of creativity and scholarly inquiry. As we unraveled the intricate dance of numbers and trends, we held steadfast to the principle that even in the most serious of endeavors, a touch of lightheartedness can weave a delightful pattern through the tapestry of academic discourse.

The convergence of fashion and academia may seem as unexpected as discovering a pair of stilettos in a science laboratory, but through our methodological rigor and statistical dexterity, we have endeavored to stitch together a narrative that unveils the surprising connections between these seemingly divergent domains. So, with methodical precision and scholarly zest, we invite you to traverse the nuanced fabric of our research methodology, and in doing so, may you find ample edification and a touch of sartorial amusement.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fashion designers in Florida and University Lecturer salaries in the US. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and National Center for Education Statistics .

For the time period 2009 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9767170, r-squared of 0.9539761, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing relationship between the flourishing number of fashion designers in the sunny state of Florida and the remuneration of university lecturers nationwide. Leveraging data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we unearthed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and a seismic p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2009 to 2021. Our findings exhibit a trend that is sewn into the fabric of the US labor market, showcasing how the surge in sartorial sensation in Florida parallels the spike in scholastic salaries across the entire country. Get ready to indulge in this unexpected hem of economic and educational intertwining, as we reveal how the glitz and glamor of the fashion world may be threading its influence into the tapestry of academia.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The intersection of fashion and academia may seem like the stitching together of two completely disparate worlds. However, our research endeavors to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the bustling world of fashion designers in Florida and the financial fortunes of university lecturers across the United States. While it may appear that these two realms exist light years apart, our findings promise to illuminate the unexpected connections that underpin the colorful tapestry of the labor market.
When one thinks of Florida, images of sunny beaches, swaying palm trees, and vibrant fashion scenes may come to mind. Indeed, the Sunshine State has long been a hotbed for sartorial innovation and style, with fashion designers flocking to its sandy shores to weave their creative visions into reality. At the same time, the world of academia stands as a bastion of knowledge and enlightenment, with university lecturers striving to impart wisdom to eager minds across the country. Little did we know that these seemingly unrelated worlds could be entwined in a peculiar dance of statistical significance.
Our study delves into the intriguing correlation between the number of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers in the US. While the connection may initially appear as flimsy as a threadbare garment, our analysis reveals a robust and significant relationship that defies conventional wisdom. By examining data from reputable sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we have meticulously traced the ebb and flow of these two seemingly unrelated phenomena.
The allure of this investigation lies in its unexpected nature, akin to stumbling upon a pair of stilettos in a library, or finding a pocket square in the pocket of a lab coat. While the statistical rigor underpinning our analysis remains unyielding, the implications of our findings may have you reaching for your most stylish thinking cap. We invite you to join us as we unravel the intricate web of factors that intertwine the world of fashion with the ivory towers of academia, and as we explore how the rise of hemlines may indeed be linked to the rise of earning potential for educators. So, grab your spectacles and be prepared to embark on a scholarly journey that will have you saying "well, isn't that sew interesting!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Our analysis revealed a strikingly strong correlation between the number of fashion designers in Florida and university lecturer salaries in the United States. Over the time period from 2009 to 2021, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9767170, indicating a robust positive relationship between these two seemingly disparate phenomena. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.9539761, signifying that approximately 95.4% of the variability in university lecturer salaries can be explained by the number of fashion designers in Florida. The significance level of our correlation was even more dazzling, with a p-value of less than 0.01, providing resounding evidence in support of our findings.

To visually depict the compelling relationship uncovered by our analysis, we present Figure 1, a scatterplot showcasing the remarkably tight connection between the proliferation of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers across the US. This figure acts as a sartorial symphony, harmonizing the data points into a visually arresting representation of the correlation we observed.

Our results underscore the unexpected intertwining of the fashion industry with the world of academia, revealing a correlation that may initially seem as out of place as sequins on a lab coat. This unanticipated connection prompts reflection on the intricate fabric of the labor market and the nuanced factors that weave together to shape economic outcomes.

In conclusion, our findings unfurl an intriguing narrative that unveils the tether between the haute couture of Florida's fashion scene and the pecuniary prospects of university lecturers nationwide. As we unravel this enigmatic relationship, we invite readers to not only consider the statistical significance but also ponder the broader implications of this unexpected correlation. This research serves as a reminder that, in the tapestry of the labor market, even the most seemingly disparate threads can come together in a striking fashion.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fashion designers in Florida and University Lecturer salaries in the US. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing relationship between the flourishing number of fashion designers in the sunny state of Florida and the remuneration of university lecturers nationwide. Leveraging data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we unearthed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and a seismic p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2009 to 2021. Our findings exhibit a trend that is sewn into the fabric of the US labor market, showcasing how the surge in sartorial sensation in Florida parallels the spike in scholastic salaries across the entire country. Get ready to indulge in this unexpected hem of economic and educational intertwining, as we reveal how the glitz and glamor of the fashion world may be threading its influence into the tapestry of academia.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
At first glance, it may seem as though connections between the number of fashion designers in Florida and university lecturer salaries in the United States are about as elusive as finding a needle in a haystack. Yet, as we delve deeper into the literature, a surprisingly cohesive fabric of evidence begins to emerge, shedding light on the intricate and, at times, downright whimsical relationships between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.
In "The Impact of Regional Creative Clusters on Labor Market Outcomes," Smith et al. present a comprehensive analysis of creative industries across various regions of the United States. Though their focus is not on Florida per se, their findings point to the undeniable influence of creative clusters on labor market dynamics. While this research does not explicitly address the sartorial sector, it lays the groundwork for our investigation by highlighting the broader impact of creative industries on labor markets.
Moving on to a slightly more tailored approach, Doe's study "The Economic Impact of the Fashion Industry" introduces a comprehensive assessment of the economic contributions of the fashion sector. Doe showcases the far-reaching implications of fashion-related activities on employment, trade, and income generation. Though the study does not directly measure the spillover effects of Florida's fashion scene on other sectors, its insights provide a valuable backdrop for our exploration of fashion's potential impact on academic salaries.
Jones and colleagues, in "From Catwalk to Campus: Exploring Unconventional Influences on Educational Economics," venture into the uncharted territory of unconventional influences on educational economics. While their scholarly work does not explicitly touch upon the intersection of fashion and academia, their approach encourages us to consider the unorthodox factors that may shape educational labor market dynamics.
As we transition from these serious and scholarly sources, let us entertain the idea that inspiration can be found in unexpected places. Drawing upon the fictitious world of literature, we cannot overlook the potential influence of non-fiction narratives such as "The Devil Wears Prada" by Lauren Weisberger, where the haute couture industry takes center stage. While this work may seem unrelated at first glance, the notion of trends, pressures, and influence cascading from the fashion world could indeed have bearing on our investigation.
Additionally, the playful yet impactful world of fiction beckons us to consider the potential connections presented in "Confessions of a Shopaholic" by Sophie Kinsella. Though the title may evoke images of retail therapy rather than statistical rigor, the undercurrents of the fashion world's sway on the protagonist's life may provide an unexpected lens through which to view our investigation.
Furthermore, the board game "Fashion Show" prompts players to navigate the competitive realm of fashion design, highlighting the strategic decisions and unpredictable outcomes that characterize the industry. While the game serves primarily as entertainment, its thematic elements offer a lighthearted yet thought-provoking parallel to our explorations.
As we embark on this whimsical journey of inquiry, these unexpected sources serve as a reminder that, at times, the most unconventional paths may lead to the most intriguing discoveries. So, grab your fashion-forward spectacles and fasten your academic ascot as we unravel the rich tapestry of connections that tie the world of fashion to the halls of higher learning.

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis revealed a strikingly strong correlation between the number of fashion designers in Florida and university lecturer salaries in the United States. Over the time period from 2009 to 2021, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9767170, indicating a robust positive relationship between these two seemingly disparate phenomena. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.9539761, signifying that approximately 95.4% of the variability in university lecturer salaries can be explained by the number of fashion designers in Florida. The significance level of our correlation was even more dazzling, with a p-value of less than 0.01, providing resounding evidence in support of our findings.
To visually depict the compelling relationship uncovered by our analysis, we present Figure 1, a scatterplot showcasing the remarkably tight connection between the proliferation of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers across the US. This figure acts as a sartorial symphony, harmonizing the data points into a visually arresting representation of the correlation we observed.
Our results underscore the unexpected intertwining of the fashion industry with the world of academia, revealing a correlation that may initially seem as out of place as sequins on a lab coat. This unanticipated connection prompts reflection on the intricate fabric of the labor market and the nuanced factors that weave together to shape economic outcomes.
In conclusion, our findings unfurl an intriguing narrative that unveils the tether between the haute couture of Florida's fashion scene and the pecuniary prospects of university lecturers nationwide. As we unravel this enigmatic relationship, we invite readers to not only consider the statistical significance but also ponder the broader implications of this unexpected correlation. This research serves as a reminder that, in the tapestry of the labor market, even the most seemingly disparate threads can come together in a striking fashion.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Ah, the intriguing intertwining of sartorial splendor and scholarly salaries! Our study has unearthed a captivating correlation between the proliferation of fashion designers in Florida and university lecturer salaries across the United States. Much like a well-crafted ensemble, our findings weave together the seemingly disparate worlds of fashion and academia into a harmonious tapestry of statistical significance.

The literature review, with its serious scholarly sources, provided the necessary backdrop for our investigation. As we tread into the whimsical world of non-fiction narratives and board games, the unexpected sources somehow foreshadowed the unexpected nature of our findings. Who would have thought that "The Devil Wears Prada" and "Confessions of a Shopaholic" may hint at the potential influence of haute couture on academic economics? The playful nudge from the world of fiction has turned out to be surprisingly prescient in guiding our exploration of these unconventional connections.

Our results not only confirmed but also bedazzled the previous research, showcasing a correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and a mesmerizing p-value of less than 0.01. This robust positive relationship between the number of fashion designers in Florida and university lecturer salaries leaves no thread of doubt about the significance of our findings. With approximately 95.4% of the variability in lecturer salaries explained by the number of fashion designers in Florida, it's clear that this correlation is not a mere fashion faux pas but a substantive revelation.

Figure 1, our visually arresting scatterplot, acts as the pièce de résistance, showcasing the remarkably tight connection we uncovered. This sartorial symphony of data points harmonizes into a visually arresting representation, demonstrating the unexpected entwining of two seemingly unrelated phenomena.

The implications of our research extend beyond the realm of statistical analysis. This unexpected correlation prompts contemplation on the intricate fabric of the labor market, reminding us that in the grand design of economic outcomes, even the most seemingly incongruous threads can come together in a striking fashion. Our findings serve as a reminder that statistical significance goes hand in hand with practical implications, urging us to recognize the breadth of factors that fashion the economic landscape.

In unraveling this enigmatic relationship, we invite readers to not only consider the statistical significance but also ponder the broader implications of this unexpected correlation. The sartorial world of Florida may have spun its influence into the cloth of academic remuneration, and this revelation encourages us to take a closer look at the intricate patterns of labor market dynamics.

As we seamlessly stitch together the realms of fashion and academia, the unexpected tether we've uncovered encourages further exploration of the multifaceted influences on economic phenomena. Just as a bespoke garment is meticulously crafted from seemingly disparate fabrics, our research has shown that even the most unexpected connections can blend together to paint a compelling and cohesive picture of economic interplay.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fashion designers in Florida and University Lecturer salaries in the US. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing relationship between the flourishing number of fashion designers in the sunny state of Florida and the remuneration of university lecturers nationwide. Leveraging data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we unearthed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and a seismic p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2009 to 2021. Our findings exhibit a trend that is sewn into the fabric of the US labor market, showcasing how the surge in sartorial sensation in Florida parallels the spike in scholastic salaries across the entire country. Get ready to indulge in this unexpected hem of economic and educational intertwining, as we reveal how the glitz and glamor of the fashion world may be threading its influence into the tapestry of academia.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intersection of fashion and academia may seem like the stitching together of two completely disparate worlds. However, our research endeavors to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the bustling world of fashion designers in Florida and the financial fortunes of university lecturers across the United States. While it may appear that these two realms exist light years apart, our findings promise to illuminate the unexpected connections that underpin the colorful tapestry of the labor market.
When one thinks of Florida, images of sunny beaches, swaying palm trees, and vibrant fashion scenes may come to mind. Indeed, the Sunshine State has long been a hotbed for sartorial innovation and style, with fashion designers flocking to its sandy shores to weave their creative visions into reality. At the same time, the world of academia stands as a bastion of knowledge and enlightenment, with university lecturers striving to impart wisdom to eager minds across the country. Little did we know that these seemingly unrelated worlds could be entwined in a peculiar dance of statistical significance.
Our study delves into the intriguing correlation between the number of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers in the US. While the connection may initially appear as flimsy as a threadbare garment, our analysis reveals a robust and significant relationship that defies conventional wisdom. By examining data from reputable sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we have meticulously traced the ebb and flow of these two seemingly unrelated phenomena.
The allure of this investigation lies in its unexpected nature, akin to stumbling upon a pair of stilettos in a library, or finding a pocket square in the pocket of a lab coat. While the statistical rigor underpinning our analysis remains unyielding, the implications of our findings may have you reaching for your most stylish thinking cap. We invite you to join us as we unravel the intricate web of factors that intertwine the world of fashion with the ivory towers of academia, and as we explore how the rise of hemlines may indeed be linked to the rise of earning potential for educators. So, grab your spectacles and be prepared to embark on a scholarly journey that will have you saying "well, isn't that sew interesting!"

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis revealed a strikingly strong correlation between the number of fashion designers in Florida and university lecturer salaries in the United States. Over the time period from 2009 to 2021, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9767170, indicating a robust positive relationship between these two seemingly disparate phenomena. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.9539761, signifying that approximately 95.4% of the variability in university lecturer salaries can be explained by the number of fashion designers in Florida. The significance level of our correlation was even more dazzling, with a p-value of less than 0.01, providing resounding evidence in support of our findings.
To visually depict the compelling relationship uncovered by our analysis, we present Figure 1, a scatterplot showcasing the remarkably tight connection between the proliferation of fashion designers in Florida and the salaries of university lecturers across the US. This figure acts as a sartorial symphony, harmonizing the data points into a visually arresting representation of the correlation we observed.
Our results underscore the unexpected intertwining of the fashion industry with the world of academia, revealing a correlation that may initially seem as out of place as sequins on a lab coat. This unanticipated connection prompts reflection on the intricate fabric of the labor market and the nuanced factors that weave together to shape economic outcomes.
In conclusion, our findings unfurl an intriguing narrative that unveils the tether between the haute couture of Florida's fashion scene and the pecuniary prospects of university lecturers nationwide. As we unravel this enigmatic relationship, we invite readers to not only consider the statistical significance but also ponder the broader implications of this unexpected correlation. This research serves as a reminder that, in the tapestry of the labor market, even the most seemingly disparate threads can come together in a striking fashion.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In the grand tapestry of the labor market, our investigation has uncovered an unexpected thread that binds the realms of fashion and academia in a manner reminiscent of a stylish symphony. The correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 we unearthed between the number of fashion designers in Florida and university lecturer salaries in the US is as solid as a well-tailored suit. With a coefficient of determination of 0.9539761, our findings suggest that approximately 95.4% of the variability in lecturer salaries can be attributed to the flourishing fashion sensibilities of the Sunshine State.

Our results invite reflection on how the rise of hemlines may indeed be linked to the rise of earning potential for educators, and how the glitz and glamor of the fashion world may be threading its influence into the tapestry of academia. It's a peculiar dance of statistical significance, akin to finding a pocket square in the pocket of a lab coat.

Our scatterplot, Figure 1, acts as a sartorial symphony, harmonizing the data points into a visually arresting representation of the correlation we observed. This unexpected relationship may initially seem as out of place as sequins on a lab coat. However, it serves as a reminder that, in the tapestry of the labor market, even the most seemingly disparate threads can come together in a striking fashion.

In closing, this research unfurls an intriguing narrative that not only highlights the statistical significance of our findings but also prompts us to ponder the broader implications of this unexpected correlation. Yet, as we embark on a scholarly journey that had us saying "well, isn't that sew interesting," we assert that, in this area, no further research is needed. The stitching is complete, and the correlation between fashion designers in Florida and university lecturer salaries in the US stands firm as the seams of a bespoke garment.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Fashionomics


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Interdisciplinary Studies in Fashion Economics and Education (SISFEE)


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Stitching up the Connection: How the Proliferation of Fashion Designers in Florida Affects University Lecturer Salaries Across the US with an abstract of This study delves into the tantalizing relationship between the flourishing number of fashion designers in the sunny state of Florida and the remuneration of university lecturers nationwide. Leveraging data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, we unearthed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9767170 and a seismic p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2009 to 2021. Our findings exhibit a trend that is sewn into the fabric of the US labor market, showcasing how the surge in sartorial sensation in Florida parallels the spike in scholastic salaries across the entire country. Get ready to indulge in this unexpected hem of economic and educational intertwining, as we reveal how the glitz and glamor of the fashion world may be threading its influence into the tapestry of academia.

ChatGPT:

"florida fashion designers," "university lecturer salaries," "bureau of labor statistics data," "economic impact of fashion designers," "national center for education statistics," "labor market trends," "fashion industry influence on academia," "sartorial sensation in Florida," "scholastic salaries," "economic and educational intertwining"

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

The number of fashion designers in Florida
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of fashion designers in Florida
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of fashion designers in Florida

University Lecturer salaries in the US
Detailed data title: Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by academic rank of Lecturer
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with University Lecturer salaries in the US

Correlation r = 0.9767170 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.9539761 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 95.4% of the change in the one variable (i.e., University Lecturer salaries in the US) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of fashion designers in Florida) over the 13 years from 2009 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.06E-8. 0.0000000106274553046563400000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.98 in 1.06E-6% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 94,095,903 random variables You don't actually need 94 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 12 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 12 because we have two variables measured over a period of 13 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.92, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
2009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
The number of fashion designers in Florida (Fashion Designers)380310260170170260390470520540680620460
University Lecturer salaries in the US (Salary)67906670776612964696654946593867828683056912569647705777048967454




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
    Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([380,310,260,170,170,260,390,470,520,540,680,620,460,])
array_2 = np.array([67906,67077,66129,64696,65494,65938,67828,68305,69125,69647,70577,70489,67454,])
array_1_name = "The number of fashion designers in Florida"
array_2_name = "University Lecturer salaries in the US"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 1780 · Black Variable ID: 6480 · Red Variable ID: 1205
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