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Spurious correlation #2,750 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Number of public school students in 12th grade and the second variable is Number of Lawyers in the United States.  The chart goes from 1990 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As high school seniors struggled to understand complex legal concepts in government class, they started to consider a career in law in order to seek revenge on the education system for making their lives so difficult. This led to a surge in law school applications and ultimately an increase in the number of lawyers in the United States.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that combines the style of a TIME magazine cover with the following scene: In a bustling high school cafeteria, a large group of 12th grade public school students are engaged in a spirited game of dodgeball, while in a corner, a group of lawyers specializing in juvenile law are seen conferring with students and school administrators. The room hums with activity as more and more lawyers arrive to address the increasing number of legal matters arising from the growing student population, creating a lively and dynamic atmosphere. The image should capture the vibrant energy of the cafeteria and the juxtaposition between the students' recreational activities and the legal discussions taking place. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Number of public school students in 12th grade and Number of Lawyers in the United States. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A TIME magazine cover image An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars' a meme Pop art Art nouveau
ChatGPT: A TIME magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Number of public school students in 12th grade and Number of Lawyers in the United States, in the following situation: Because as the number of 12th graders in public schools increases, so does the demand for legal expertise in dodgeball disputes and cafeteria food fights. The rise in students means more potential clients for budding lawyers specializing in juvenile law, leading to a surge in the number of lawyers in the United States. It's a case of educational escalation leading to legal proliferation, creating a jurisdictional jamboree!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling high school cafeteria, a large group of 12th grade public school students are engaged in a spirited game of dodgeball, while in a corner, a group of lawyers specializing in juvenile law are seen conferring with students and school administrators. The room hums with activity as more and more lawyers arrive to address the increasing number of legal matters arising from the growing student population, creating a lively and dynamic atmosphere.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A TIME magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling high school cafeteria, a large group of 12th grade public school students are engaged in a spirited game of dodgeball, while in a corner, a group of lawyers specializing in juvenile law are seen conferring with students and school administrators. The room hums with activity as more and more lawyers arrive to address the increasing number of legal matters arising from the growing student population, creating a lively and dynamic atmosphere. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that combines the style of a TIME magazine cover with the following scene: In a bustling high school cafeteria, a large group of 12th grade public school students are engaged in a spirited game of dodgeball, while in a corner, a group of lawyers specializing in juvenile law are seen conferring with students and school administrators. The room hums with activity as more and more lawyers arrive to address the increasing number of legal matters arising from the growing student population, creating a lively and dynamic atmosphere. The image should capture the vibrant energy of the cafeteria and the juxtaposition between the students' recreational activities and the legal discussions taking place.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Number of public school students in 12th grade caused Number of Lawyers in the United States to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States

The Journal of Educational Puzzles and Legal Trends

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 12th grade and Number of Lawyers in the United States. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from National Center for Education Statistics and ABA to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9815955 and p < 0.01 for 1990 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing conundrum of whether there is a link between the number of young scholars reaching the end of their high school journey and the burgeoning population of legal practitioners in the United States. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our research team employed a quantitative approach to explore this perplexing question. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955, indicating a confluence between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence suggests that the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States are tightly intertwined. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools grows, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms. This unexpected association prompts further inquiry into the mechanisms behind this peculiar correlation and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 12th grade and Number of Lawyers in the United States. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing conundrum of whether there is a link between the number of young scholars reaching the end of their high school journey and the burgeoning population of legal practitioners in the United States. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our research team employed a quantitative approach to explore this perplexing question. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955, indicating a confluence between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence suggests that the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States are tightly intertwined. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools grows, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms. This unexpected association prompts further inquiry into the mechanisms behind this peculiar correlation and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The intersection of education and law has always been a fascinating arena, much like a legal case set in a high school cafeteria. The relationship between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States is an unexpected and enigmatic connection, akin to finding a law book in a student's backpack. This study seeks to unravel this curious correlation, shedding light on the potential implications for both the educational and legal domains.

As we embark on this academic adventure, it is essential to ponder the juxtaposition of these two seemingly disparate cohorts. One may wonder if there is a "senior"ity complex at play, where the surge in 12th-grade students propels a corresponding surge in the legal profession, much like a simultaneous double-booking of the school prom and a court trial. However, such speculation warrants a more rigorous investigation through quantitative analysis, as the potential linkages between these cohorts may not be as straightforward as first assumed.

It is vital to note that this research takes a quantitative approach, much like measuring the precise angle of a lawyer's argument or the statistical probability of a student's excuse for skipping class. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our study delves into the realm of numbers and figures to uncover the underlying patterns in the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers. This quantitative lens allows for a detailed examination of the trends over time, providing insight into how these cohorts have coalesced and evolved.

Intriguingly, the preliminary findings indicate a remarkably high correlation coefficient, akin to a compelling legal precedent, suggesting a confluence between these seemingly incongruous groups. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence compellingly points towards a tight intertwining of the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools blossoms, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms, much like a synchronized dance between education and jurisprudence.

As we delve further into this unexpected association, it becomes evident that this peculiar correlation prompts further inquiry, akin to a lawyer's relentless pursuit of disputing evidence. The mechanisms behind this connection beckon elucidation, and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes demand exploration. Thus, this research sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the interplay between these cohorts, unfurling the mystery behind the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers in the United States.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 12th grade and Number of Lawyers in the United States. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing conundrum of whether there is a link between the number of young scholars reaching the end of their high school journey and the burgeoning population of legal practitioners in the United States. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our research team employed a quantitative approach to explore this perplexing question. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955, indicating a confluence between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence suggests that the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States are tightly intertwined. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools grows, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms. This unexpected association prompts further inquiry into the mechanisms behind this peculiar correlation and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of education and law has always been a fascinating arena, much like a legal case set in a high school cafeteria. The relationship between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States is an unexpected and enigmatic connection, akin to finding a law book in a student's backpack. This study seeks to unravel this curious correlation, shedding light on the potential implications for both the educational and legal domains.
As we embark on this academic adventure, it is essential to ponder the juxtaposition of these two seemingly disparate cohorts. One may wonder if there is a "senior"ity complex at play, where the surge in 12th-grade students propels a corresponding surge in the legal profession, much like a simultaneous double-booking of the school prom and a court trial. However, such speculation warrants a more rigorous investigation through quantitative analysis, as the potential linkages between these cohorts may not be as straightforward as first assumed.
It is vital to note that this research takes a quantitative approach, much like measuring the precise angle of a lawyer's argument or the statistical probability of a student's excuse for skipping class. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our study delves into the realm of numbers and figures to uncover the underlying patterns in the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers. This quantitative lens allows for a detailed examination of the trends over time, providing insight into how these cohorts have coalesced and evolved.
Intriguingly, the preliminary findings indicate a remarkably high correlation coefficient, akin to a compelling legal precedent, suggesting a confluence between these seemingly incongruous groups. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence compellingly points towards a tight intertwining of the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools blossoms, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms, much like a synchronized dance between education and jurisprudence.
As we delve further into this unexpected association, it becomes evident that this peculiar correlation prompts further inquiry, akin to a lawyer's relentless pursuit of disputing evidence. The mechanisms behind this connection beckon elucidation, and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes demand exploration. Thus, this research sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the interplay between these cohorts, unfurling the mystery behind the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers in the United States.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The connection between the number of twelfth-grade students in public schools and the quantity of legal practitioners in the United States has intrigued researchers for decades. Smith and Doe (2005) conducted a seminal study on this perplexing phenomenon, presenting data that hinted at a potential correlation between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. Building upon their work, Jones (2010) delved into the historical trends of high school graduation rates and the influx of individuals into the legal profession, offering intriguing insights that prompted further inquiry. However, it is essential to note that while these early investigations laid the groundwork for understanding the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers, the findings remained inconclusive and left room for continued exploration.

Moving beyond the traditional academic literature, a variety of non-fiction books have touched upon the intersection of education and law, albeit from different angles. In "The School to Prison Pipeline: Education, Discipline, and Racialized Double Standards" (Johnson, 2019), the author explores the profound implications of the educational system on the legal outcomes for marginalized youth. Taking a more quantitative approach, "Numbers and Justice: A Statistical Examination of Legal Demographics" (Brown, 2017) delves into the numerical underpinnings of the legal profession, providing a unique perspective on the potential linkages with educational trends.

Transitioning into the realm of fiction, the influence of high school experiences on legal careers has been depicted in various literary works. In "To Kill a Mockingbird" (Lee, 1960), the protagonist's formative years in a small town set the stage for a career in law, offering a narrative that intertwines the worlds of education and legal advocacy. Similarly, "The Catcher in the Rye" (Salinger, 1951) presents a coming-of-age story that hints at the unforeseen trajectories that may lead individuals to pursue legal professions, albeit in a more indirect and introspective manner.

In the animated realm, several children's shows have touched upon legal themes, albeit in a lighthearted and whimsical fashion. "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle" featured the quirky duo navigating comical legal predicaments, providing a playful introduction to legal concepts for younger audiences. Additionally, "Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!" showcased a group of youthful detectives unraveling mysteries, inadvertently demonstrating the problem-solving skills that may lay the groundwork for future legal endeavors.

This diverse array of sources reflects the multifaceted dimensions of the connection between 12th-grade students and lawyers, offering a rich tapestry of perspectives that inspire further exploration into this uncanny correlation.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 12th grade and Number of Lawyers in the United States. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and ABA . You used data from 1990 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing conundrum of whether there is a link between the number of young scholars reaching the end of their high school journey and the burgeoning population of legal practitioners in the United States. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our research team employed a quantitative approach to explore this perplexing question. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955, indicating a confluence between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence suggests that the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States are tightly intertwined. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools grows, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms. This unexpected association prompts further inquiry into the mechanisms behind this peculiar correlation and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of education and law has always been a fascinating arena, much like a legal case set in a high school cafeteria. The relationship between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States is an unexpected and enigmatic connection, akin to finding a law book in a student's backpack. This study seeks to unravel this curious correlation, shedding light on the potential implications for both the educational and legal domains.
As we embark on this academic adventure, it is essential to ponder the juxtaposition of these two seemingly disparate cohorts. One may wonder if there is a "senior"ity complex at play, where the surge in 12th-grade students propels a corresponding surge in the legal profession, much like a simultaneous double-booking of the school prom and a court trial. However, such speculation warrants a more rigorous investigation through quantitative analysis, as the potential linkages between these cohorts may not be as straightforward as first assumed.
It is vital to note that this research takes a quantitative approach, much like measuring the precise angle of a lawyer's argument or the statistical probability of a student's excuse for skipping class. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our study delves into the realm of numbers and figures to uncover the underlying patterns in the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers. This quantitative lens allows for a detailed examination of the trends over time, providing insight into how these cohorts have coalesced and evolved.
Intriguingly, the preliminary findings indicate a remarkably high correlation coefficient, akin to a compelling legal precedent, suggesting a confluence between these seemingly incongruous groups. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence compellingly points towards a tight intertwining of the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools blossoms, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms, much like a synchronized dance between education and jurisprudence.
As we delve further into this unexpected association, it becomes evident that this peculiar correlation prompts further inquiry, akin to a lawyer's relentless pursuit of disputing evidence. The mechanisms behind this connection beckon elucidation, and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes demand exploration. Thus, this research sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the interplay between these cohorts, unfurling the mystery behind the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers in the United States.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To investigate the perplexing correlation between the number of public school students in 12th grade and the number of lawyers in the United States, our research team employed a blend of data collection methods that could be likened to a legal team assembling evidence for a case.

First, we scoured the vast expanse of the internet, much like legal scholars pouring over centuries-old case law, to gather data on the number of 12th-grade students in public schools across the United States. This information was predominantly sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics, ensuring a comprehensive representation of the educational landscape.

For the population of legal practitioners, we turned to the American Bar Association's data, harnessing their records from 1990 to 2022 as our primary source. This allowed us to capture the ebbs and flows of the legal profession over the years, akin to tracing the evolution of legal doctrines and precedents.

Once the data was assembled, we conducted a rigorous quantitative analysis to unveil the hidden patterns underlying these seemingly disparate cohorts. Utilizing statistical tools such as correlation analysis and regression modeling, we sought to illuminate the extent of the relationship between the number of 12th-grade students and the number of lawyers in the United States.

Our approach was akin to crafting a compelling legal argument, wherein we meticulously marshaled the evidence to discern any significant associations between these divergent groups. By subjecting the data to various statistical tests, we aimed to unravel the mystery behind this unexpected correlation and shed light on its potential implications.

Furthermore, we undertook a comprehensive review of existing literature, much like a seasoned attorney poring over legal precedents, to contextualize our findings within the broader landscape of educational and legal research. This allowed us to situate our results within the existing body of knowledge and identify any novel contributions our study could offer to this intriguing intersection of education and law.

In summary, our methodology encompassed a methodical data collection process, rigorous quantitative analysis, and a comprehensive review of relevant literature, resembling a robust legal investigation into the entwined fates of 12th-grade students and lawyers in the United States. Through this multi-faceted approach, we endeavored to unravel the enigmatic relationship between these cohorts and present our findings to the scholarly community for further deliberation and discourse.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 12th grade and Number of Lawyers in the United States. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and ABA .

For the time period 1990 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.9815955, r-squared of 0.9635297, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing conundrum of whether there is a link between the number of young scholars reaching the end of their high school journey and the burgeoning population of legal practitioners in the United States. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our research team employed a quantitative approach to explore this perplexing question. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955, indicating a confluence between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence suggests that the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States are tightly intertwined. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools grows, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms. This unexpected association prompts further inquiry into the mechanisms behind this peculiar correlation and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The intersection of education and law has always been a fascinating arena, much like a legal case set in a high school cafeteria. The relationship between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States is an unexpected and enigmatic connection, akin to finding a law book in a student's backpack. This study seeks to unravel this curious correlation, shedding light on the potential implications for both the educational and legal domains.
As we embark on this academic adventure, it is essential to ponder the juxtaposition of these two seemingly disparate cohorts. One may wonder if there is a "senior"ity complex at play, where the surge in 12th-grade students propels a corresponding surge in the legal profession, much like a simultaneous double-booking of the school prom and a court trial. However, such speculation warrants a more rigorous investigation through quantitative analysis, as the potential linkages between these cohorts may not be as straightforward as first assumed.
It is vital to note that this research takes a quantitative approach, much like measuring the precise angle of a lawyer's argument or the statistical probability of a student's excuse for skipping class. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our study delves into the realm of numbers and figures to uncover the underlying patterns in the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers. This quantitative lens allows for a detailed examination of the trends over time, providing insight into how these cohorts have coalesced and evolved.
Intriguingly, the preliminary findings indicate a remarkably high correlation coefficient, akin to a compelling legal precedent, suggesting a confluence between these seemingly incongruous groups. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence compellingly points towards a tight intertwining of the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools blossoms, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms, much like a synchronized dance between education and jurisprudence.
As we delve further into this unexpected association, it becomes evident that this peculiar correlation prompts further inquiry, akin to a lawyer's relentless pursuit of disputing evidence. The mechanisms behind this connection beckon elucidation, and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes demand exploration. Thus, this research sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the interplay between these cohorts, unfurling the mystery behind the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers in the United States.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data revealed a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955 between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. This correlation coefficient is as strong as an argument made by a seasoned attorney, leaving little room for doubt about the connection between these two groups.

The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.9635297 further solidifies this relationship, indicating that a significant proportion of the variation in the number of lawyers can be explained by the number of 12th-grade students. It's as if the number of 12th-grade students holds the legal key to understanding a considerable portion of the lawyer population.

The p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022 provides robust evidence of the statistical significance of this relationship. In other words, the probability of observing such a strong correlation by random chance is slim to none, much like finding a law book in a school library.

Figure 1 displays a scatterplot illustrating the resolute correlation between the number of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. This visual representation portrays a nearly linear relationship, reinforcing the robust statistical findings. It's like the perfect closing statement in a courtroom drama, leaving the audience - or in this case, the research community - in awe of this unexpected linkage.

In summary, the evidence from this study unequivocally supports the presence of a compelling relationship between the quantity of 12th-grade students in public schools and the number of lawyers in the United States. This unexpected association between education and jurisprudence calls for further exploration into its underlying mechanisms and potential implications for both realms.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 12th grade and Number of Lawyers in the United States. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing conundrum of whether there is a link between the number of young scholars reaching the end of their high school journey and the burgeoning population of legal practitioners in the United States. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our research team employed a quantitative approach to explore this perplexing question. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955, indicating a confluence between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence suggests that the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States are tightly intertwined. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools grows, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms. This unexpected association prompts further inquiry into the mechanisms behind this peculiar correlation and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between the number of twelfth-grade students in public schools and the quantity of legal practitioners in the United States has intrigued researchers for decades. Smith and Doe (2005) conducted a seminal study on this perplexing phenomenon, presenting data that hinted at a potential correlation between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. Building upon their work, Jones (2010) delved into the historical trends of high school graduation rates and the influx of individuals into the legal profession, offering intriguing insights that prompted further inquiry. However, it is essential to note that while these early investigations laid the groundwork for understanding the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers, the findings remained inconclusive and left room for continued exploration.
Moving beyond the traditional academic literature, a variety of non-fiction books have touched upon the intersection of education and law, albeit from different angles. In "The School to Prison Pipeline: Education, Discipline, and Racialized Double Standards" (Johnson, 2019), the author explores the profound implications of the educational system on the legal outcomes for marginalized youth. Taking a more quantitative approach, "Numbers and Justice: A Statistical Examination of Legal Demographics" (Brown, 2017) delves into the numerical underpinnings of the legal profession, providing a unique perspective on the potential linkages with educational trends.
Transitioning into the realm of fiction, the influence of high school experiences on legal careers has been depicted in various literary works. In "To Kill a Mockingbird" (Lee, 1960), the protagonist's formative years in a small town set the stage for a career in law, offering a narrative that intertwines the worlds of education and legal advocacy. Similarly, "The Catcher in the Rye" (Salinger, 1951) presents a coming-of-age story that hints at the unforeseen trajectories that may lead individuals to pursue legal professions, albeit in a more indirect and introspective manner.
In the animated realm, several children's shows have touched upon legal themes, albeit in a lighthearted and whimsical fashion. "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle" featured the quirky duo navigating comical legal predicaments, providing a playful introduction to legal concepts for younger audiences. Additionally, "Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!" showcased a group of youthful detectives unraveling mysteries, inadvertently demonstrating the problem-solving skills that may lay the groundwork for future legal endeavors.
This diverse array of sources reflects the multifaceted dimensions of the connection between 12th-grade students and lawyers, offering a rich tapestry of perspectives that inspire further exploration into this uncanny correlation.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data revealed a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955 between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. This correlation coefficient is as strong as an argument made by a seasoned attorney, leaving little room for doubt about the connection between these two groups.
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.9635297 further solidifies this relationship, indicating that a significant proportion of the variation in the number of lawyers can be explained by the number of 12th-grade students. It's as if the number of 12th-grade students holds the legal key to understanding a considerable portion of the lawyer population.
The p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022 provides robust evidence of the statistical significance of this relationship. In other words, the probability of observing such a strong correlation by random chance is slim to none, much like finding a law book in a school library.
Figure 1 displays a scatterplot illustrating the resolute correlation between the number of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. This visual representation portrays a nearly linear relationship, reinforcing the robust statistical findings. It's like the perfect closing statement in a courtroom drama, leaving the audience - or in this case, the research community - in awe of this unexpected linkage.
In summary, the evidence from this study unequivocally supports the presence of a compelling relationship between the quantity of 12th-grade students in public schools and the number of lawyers in the United States. This unexpected association between education and jurisprudence calls for further exploration into its underlying mechanisms and potential implications for both realms.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of this study provide compelling evidence of a surprisingly strong association between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. These findings bolster and extend previous scholarly inquiries into a connection that, at first glance, seems as unlikely as finding a tortoise in a hare race.

The literature review presented a diverse array of sources that hinted at the potential interplay between educational experiences and legal careers. The historical trends explored by Jones (2010) and the statistical insights from "Numbers and Justice" (Brown, 2017) set the stage for our current investigation. Despite the playful introductions to legal concepts in children's shows such as "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle," the empirical exploration in our study underscores the significance of this linkage. While it may seem as improbable as a law book in a school library, our analysis affirms the unexpected correlation between the number of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers.

Our findings align with the notion that formative educational experiences may contribute to an individual's eventual career trajectory. The strong correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination point to a relationship that is as sturdy as a well-constructed legal argument. It seems that as the number of 12th-grade students grows, so too does the legion of legal practitioners, much like the crescendo of a courtroom drama building to an unexpected revelation.

The statistical significance of the relationship, as evidenced by the p-value of less than 0.01, dismisses any lingering doubts about the authenticity of this connection. It is as improbable as finding a needle in a haystack to disregard the compelling evidence that the quantity of 12th-grade students holds a key to understanding a considerable proportion of the lawyer population.

While the mechanisms behind this association remain a puzzle, our findings pique further curiosity and highlight the need for continued exploration. The unexpected intertwining of education and law presents intriguing implications for both realms, akin to the suspenseful plot twist at the heart of a legal thriller.

In conclusion, this study sheds light on a curious correlation between seemingly disparate domains. The unexpected nature of this relationship prompts contemplation and calls for additional research to unravel the enigmatic ties between the number of public school students in 12th grade and the number of lawyers in the United States.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 12th grade and Number of Lawyers in the United States. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the tantalizing conundrum of whether there is a link between the number of young scholars reaching the end of their high school journey and the burgeoning population of legal practitioners in the United States. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our research team employed a quantitative approach to explore this perplexing question. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955, indicating a confluence between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence suggests that the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States are tightly intertwined. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools grows, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms. This unexpected association prompts further inquiry into the mechanisms behind this peculiar correlation and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intersection of education and law has always been a fascinating arena, much like a legal case set in a high school cafeteria. The relationship between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States is an unexpected and enigmatic connection, akin to finding a law book in a student's backpack. This study seeks to unravel this curious correlation, shedding light on the potential implications for both the educational and legal domains.
As we embark on this academic adventure, it is essential to ponder the juxtaposition of these two seemingly disparate cohorts. One may wonder if there is a "senior"ity complex at play, where the surge in 12th-grade students propels a corresponding surge in the legal profession, much like a simultaneous double-booking of the school prom and a court trial. However, such speculation warrants a more rigorous investigation through quantitative analysis, as the potential linkages between these cohorts may not be as straightforward as first assumed.
It is vital to note that this research takes a quantitative approach, much like measuring the precise angle of a lawyer's argument or the statistical probability of a student's excuse for skipping class. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our study delves into the realm of numbers and figures to uncover the underlying patterns in the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers. This quantitative lens allows for a detailed examination of the trends over time, providing insight into how these cohorts have coalesced and evolved.
Intriguingly, the preliminary findings indicate a remarkably high correlation coefficient, akin to a compelling legal precedent, suggesting a confluence between these seemingly incongruous groups. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence compellingly points towards a tight intertwining of the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools blossoms, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms, much like a synchronized dance between education and jurisprudence.
As we delve further into this unexpected association, it becomes evident that this peculiar correlation prompts further inquiry, akin to a lawyer's relentless pursuit of disputing evidence. The mechanisms behind this connection beckon elucidation, and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes demand exploration. Thus, this research sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the interplay between these cohorts, unfurling the mystery behind the relationship between 12th-grade students and lawyers in the United States.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data revealed a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955 between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. This correlation coefficient is as strong as an argument made by a seasoned attorney, leaving little room for doubt about the connection between these two groups.
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.9635297 further solidifies this relationship, indicating that a significant proportion of the variation in the number of lawyers can be explained by the number of 12th-grade students. It's as if the number of 12th-grade students holds the legal key to understanding a considerable portion of the lawyer population.
The p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022 provides robust evidence of the statistical significance of this relationship. In other words, the probability of observing such a strong correlation by random chance is slim to none, much like finding a law book in a school library.
Figure 1 displays a scatterplot illustrating the resolute correlation between the number of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States. This visual representation portrays a nearly linear relationship, reinforcing the robust statistical findings. It's like the perfect closing statement in a courtroom drama, leaving the audience - or in this case, the research community - in awe of this unexpected linkage.
In summary, the evidence from this study unequivocally supports the presence of a compelling relationship between the quantity of 12th-grade students in public schools and the number of lawyers in the United States. This unexpected association between education and jurisprudence calls for further exploration into its underlying mechanisms and potential implications for both realms.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has definitively established a strikingly high correlation between the number of 12th-grade students in public schools and the quantity of lawyers in the United States, akin to discovering a legal loophole in the education system. This unexpected connection between academia and jurisprudence is as puzzling as finding a gavel in a school supply closet. The correlation coefficient of 0.9815955 indicates a tight intertwining of these seemingly disparate cohorts, serving as an eloquent opening statement for further inquiry.

The coefficient of determination further accentuates this interplay, suggesting that a considerable portion of the lawyer population can be elucidated by the flux of 12th-grade students. It's almost as if these seniors hold the key to understanding a significant proportion of the legal profession, much like a graduating class conferring honorary degrees in law.

The robust statistical significance of this relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01, dismisses any notion of chance association, leaving no room for objection, much like a well-crafted legal argument. The scatterplot visually encapsulates this strong correlation, resembling a compelling courtroom exhibit that leaves the jury – or in this case, the research community – in awe of this unexpected linkage.

While the exact mechanisms behind this connection remain shrouded in mystery, our findings warrant a call to action for further exploration, much like an unresolved case demanding a reexamination of evidence. However, given the resolute nature of our results, it seems that no further research is needed in this area. It might just be that as the number of 12th-grade students flourishes, so does the legion of legal eagles, leaving us with a conundrum more perplexing than a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Educational Puzzles and Legal Trends


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Educational Absurdity and Legal Extravagance


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Twelfth Graders and Legal Crusaders: A Quantitative Examination of the Relationship Between Public School Students in the 12th Grade and the Number of Lawyers in the United States with an abstract of This study delves into the tantalizing conundrum of whether there is a link between the number of young scholars reaching the end of their high school journey and the burgeoning population of legal practitioners in the United States. Leveraging data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the American Bar Association, our research team employed a quantitative approach to explore this perplexing question. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9815955, indicating a confluence between these seemingly unrelated cohorts. With a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years spanning from 1990 to 2022, the evidence suggests that the quantity of 12th-grade students and the quantity of lawyers in the United States are tightly intertwined. It seems that as the number of seniors in public schools grows, so too does the legion of legal eagles soaring through the nation's courtrooms. This unexpected association prompts further inquiry into the mechanisms behind this peculiar correlation and the potential implications for both the educational and legal landscapes.

ChatGPT:

Twelfth graders, public school students, United States, lawyers, legal practitioners, National Center for Education Statistics, American Bar Association, quantitative examination, correlation coefficient, p-value, 12th-grade students, seniors in public schools, lawyers in the United States, educational landscape, legal landscape

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Number of public school students in 12th grade
Detailed data title: 12th grade enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Number of public school students in 12th grade

Number of Lawyers in the United States
Detailed data title: The Count of ABA Lawyers in the United States
Source: ABA
See what else correlates with Number of Lawyers in the United States

Correlation r = 0.9815955 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.9635297 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 96.4% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Number of Lawyers in the United States) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Number of public school students in 12th grade) over the 33 years from 1990 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 7.4E-24. 0.0000000000000000000000074196
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.98 in 7.4E-22% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 134,778,155,156,612,210,229,248 random variables You don't actually need 134 sextillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 32 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 32 because we have two variables measured over a period of 33 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.96, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
Number of public school students in 12th grade (Students)238108023924602430540242403024875502487140258645026729302721710278162028027902862860298951030464903094350318025032774003374510339969034316903471890345188034770203476130349648035372303571440363145036486603621160366369036704403661920
Number of Lawyers in the United States (Lawyers)755694777119799760846036865614896140953260953260985921100044010224601048900104975010586601084500110477011169701143360116212011803901203100122545012452001268010128143013007001312870133596013423801352080132874013279101327010




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([2381080,2392460,2430540,2424030,2487550,2487140,2586450,2672930,2721710,2781620,2802790,2862860,2989510,3046490,3094350,3180250,3277400,3374510,3399690,3431690,3471890,3451880,3477020,3476130,3496480,3537230,3571440,3631450,3648660,3621160,3663690,3670440,3661920,])
array_2 = np.array([755694,777119,799760,846036,865614,896140,953260,953260,985921,1000440,1022460,1048900,1049750,1058660,1084500,1104770,1116970,1143360,1162120,1180390,1203100,1225450,1245200,1268010,1281430,1300700,1312870,1335960,1342380,1352080,1328740,1327910,1327010,])
array_1_name = "Number of public school students in 12th grade"
array_2_name = "Number of Lawyers in the United States"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 2750 · Black Variable ID: 1310 · Red Variable ID: 542
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