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Spurious correlation #2,810 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and the second variable is Solar power generated in Costa Rica.  The chart goes from 2011 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the number of music and dance graduates boogied on up, they created a high-energy, solar-powered dance revolution. These bright sparks brought a whole new meaning to the term "solar panel" as they tapped into renewable rhythms, proving that when it comes to groovy moves and solar grooves, the sky's the limit!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [A photo-realistic image] In a bustling town square in Costa Rica, a group of people with bright smiles and joyful expressions are celebrating as they receive their associates degrees in music and dance. In the background, large solar panels glisten in the sunshine, generating a significant amount of solar power for the community. The graduates break into a spontaneous "sun dance", twirling and moving to the rhythm of the music, as the solar panels absorb the abundant sunshine, powering the entire town with renewable energy. Improving the visual aspects of the prompt, let's enhance the setting in the town square by introducing intricate details such as colorful traditional Costa Rican architecture lining the square, vibrant tropical flora flourishing around the solar panels, and the sunlight casting a warm, inviting glow over the scene. The people celebrating could be depicted wearing traditional colorful clothing, with intricate patterns reflecting the local culture. Additionally, we can infuse the scene with a sense of energy and motion, capturing the lively cadence of the "sun dance" with dynamic poses and expressions of the graduates, and the graceful, fluid movement of the dance set against the backdrop of the gleaming solar panels. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and Solar power generated in Costa Rica. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A TIME magazine cover image A photo-realistic image Voxel art Photorealism Cute cartoon
ChatGPT: A photo-realistic image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and Solar power generated in Costa Rica, in the following situation: Because more music and dance associates led to increased happiness, resulting in more people doing the "sun dance" to summon sunshine for solar power in Costa Rica.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling town square in Costa Rica, a group of people with bright smiles and joyful expressions are celebrating as they receive their associates degrees in music and dance. In the background, large solar panels glisten in the sunshine, generating a significant amount of solar power for the community. The graduates break into a spontaneous "sun dance", twirling and moving to the rhythm of the music, as the solar panels absorb the abundant sunshine, powering the entire town with renewable energy.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A photo-realistic image ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling town square in Costa Rica, a group of people with bright smiles and joyful expressions are celebrating as they receive their associates degrees in music and dance. In the background, large solar panels glisten in the sunshine, generating a significant amount of solar power for the community. The graduates break into a spontaneous "sun dance", twirling and moving to the rhythm of the music, as the solar panels absorb the abundant sunshine, powering the entire town with renewable energy. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [A photo-realistic image] In a bustling town square in Costa Rica, a group of people with bright smiles and joyful expressions are celebrating as they receive their associates degrees in music and dance. In the background, large solar panels glisten in the sunshine, generating a significant amount of solar power for the community. The graduates break into a spontaneous "sun dance", twirling and moving to the rhythm of the music, as the solar panels absorb the abundant sunshine, powering the entire town with renewable energy. Improving the visual aspects of the prompt, let's enhance the setting in the town square by introducing intricate details such as colorful traditional Costa Rican architecture lining the square, vibrant tropical flora flourishing around the solar panels, and the sunlight casting a warm, inviting glow over the scene. The people celebrating could be depicted wearing traditional colorful clothing, with intricate patterns reflecting the local culture. Additionally, we can infuse the scene with a sense of energy and motion, capturing the lively cadence of the "sun dance" with dynamic poses and expressions of the graduates, and the graceful, fluid movement of the dance set against the backdrop of the gleaming solar panels.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance caused Solar power generated in Costa Rica to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica

The Journal of Eclectic Interdisciplinary Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and Solar power generated in Costa Rica. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from National Center for Education Statistics and Energy Information Administration to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 and p < 0.01 for 2011 to 2021.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a lighthearted investigation into the surprisingly harmonious relationship between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in the beautiful country of Costa Rica. While the topic may sound like a composition in a minor key, our findings reveal a major connection between the two seemingly unrelated domains. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, our research team danced through the numbers and discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021.

Our study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. The results of this research may seem symphonic, but they shed light on the power of artistic education in fueling sustainable energy practices. So, in the world of renewable energy, it seems that the rhythm and groove of music and dance degrees play a significant role in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and Solar power generated in Costa Rica. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a lighthearted investigation into the surprisingly harmonious relationship between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in the beautiful country of Costa Rica. While the topic may sound like a composition in a minor key, our findings reveal a major connection between the two seemingly unrelated domains. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, our research team danced through the numbers and discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021.

Our study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. The results of this research may seem symphonic, but they shed light on the power of artistic education in fueling sustainable energy practices. So, in the world of renewable energy, it seems that the rhythm and groove of music and dance degrees play a significant role in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Picture this: a sun-kissed Costa Rica, where the rhythm of tropical music and the elegance of traditional dance meet the radiant embrace of solar power. It might sound like the setup for a whimsical Caribbean fairy tale, but hold on to your maracas, because our study delves into the melodic connection between these seemingly unrelated fields.

When you think of Costa Rica, you might conjure images of lush rainforests, colorful toucans, and maybe a sloth or two hanging out in the treetops. But nestled amidst this natural wonderland, Costa Rica has been quietly singing a different tune—one of green energy and sustainability. Meanwhile, the world of music and dance education has been conducting its own orchestra, adding a unique beat to the academic landscape.

As research enthusiasts, we couldn't resist harmonizing the data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to uncover the synergy between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in this charming Central American gem. With a dash of statistical finesse and a sprinkle of academic curiosity, we waltzed through the numbers to reveal an unexpectedly high correlation coefficient and a p-value that would make any statistician do a little salsa.

Just think about it: more music and dance degrees leading to brighter, sunnier prospects for solar energy. It's like a scientifically proven pas de deux between artistic education and sustainable technology. So, whether you're a music lover, a dance aficionado, or a solar energy enthusiast, this paper promises to hit all the right notes and shed some light on an unexpectedly harmonious relationship. It's time to tune in and groove to the beat of data-driven discovery. Let's boogie on down this research rabbit hole!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and Solar power generated in Costa Rica. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a lighthearted investigation into the surprisingly harmonious relationship between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in the beautiful country of Costa Rica. While the topic may sound like a composition in a minor key, our findings reveal a major connection between the two seemingly unrelated domains. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, our research team danced through the numbers and discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021.

Our study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. The results of this research may seem symphonic, but they shed light on the power of artistic education in fueling sustainable energy practices. So, in the world of renewable energy, it seems that the rhythm and groove of music and dance degrees play a significant role in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Picture this: a sun-kissed Costa Rica, where the rhythm of tropical music and the elegance of traditional dance meet the radiant embrace of solar power. It might sound like the setup for a whimsical Caribbean fairy tale, but hold on to your maracas, because our study delves into the melodic connection between these seemingly unrelated fields.
When you think of Costa Rica, you might conjure images of lush rainforests, colorful toucans, and maybe a sloth or two hanging out in the treetops. But nestled amidst this natural wonderland, Costa Rica has been quietly singing a different tune—one of green energy and sustainability. Meanwhile, the world of music and dance education has been conducting its own orchestra, adding a unique beat to the academic landscape.
As research enthusiasts, we couldn't resist harmonizing the data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to uncover the synergy between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in this charming Central American gem. With a dash of statistical finesse and a sprinkle of academic curiosity, we waltzed through the numbers to reveal an unexpectedly high correlation coefficient and a p-value that would make any statistician do a little salsa.
Just think about it: more music and dance degrees leading to brighter, sunnier prospects for solar energy. It's like a scientifically proven pas de deux between artistic education and sustainable technology. So, whether you're a music lover, a dance aficionado, or a solar energy enthusiast, this paper promises to hit all the right notes and shed some light on an unexpectedly harmonious relationship. It's time to tune in and groove to the beat of data-driven discovery. Let's boogie on down this research rabbit hole!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

A serious exploration of the connection between the awarding of associate degrees in music and dance and the generation of solar power in Costa Rica begins with the foundational work of Smith, Doe, and Jones. In "The Melodic Correlation of Educational Attainment and Renewable Energy Production," Smith et al. delve into the potential relationship between artistic education and environmental sustainability. Although their study takes a cautious, academic tone, the authors find lorem and ipsum, leading them to speculate that music and dance degrees may hold the key to unlocking the sun's potential in Costa Rica.

Building on this scholarly foundation, Doe's "Solar Salsa: The Energy of Artistic Education" presents a compelling argument for the role of the arts in shaping sustainable energy practices. Doe's work reflects a shift in the academic discourse, as she offers a lyrical interpretation of the data, bringing out the metaphorical dance between artistic education and solar power generation. The findings of Doe's research suggest unexpected parallels between harmonious melodies and radiant beams, engaging readers in a thought-provoking exploration of the intersection of creativity and renewable energy.

Moving beyond the academic realm, several non-fiction books offer intriguing insights into the potential synergy between music and dance education and solar power. "The Solar Symphony: Harnessing Energy through Artistic Expression" by Green explores the possibility of orchestrating solar energy production through the harmonious rhythms of music and dance education. Green's narrative style and in-depth exploration of the subject matter invite readers to tap their toes to the beat of renewable energy possibilities.

On the more whimsical side of literature, fictional works such as "Sunbeam Serenade: The Musical Mystery of Solar Power" by Sunshine and "Dancing with Photons: A Tale of Energy and Elegance" by Moonbeam weave enchanting stories that blur the lines between fiction and reality. While these imaginary narratives may seem far-fetched at first glance, they play a pivotal role in sparking the imagination and fostering a sense of wonder about the potential connections between artistic education and solar power generation.

In the realm of children's entertainment, cartoons such as "Solar Groove: The Adventures of Energy and Rhythm" and "Dance to the Sun: A Musical Journey Through Renewable Energy" provide lighthearted yet thought-provoking narratives that highlight the playful potential of integrating music, dance, and solar power. These animated tales captivate young audiences while subtly instilling the idea that artistic expression and environmental sustainability can indeed dance hand in hand.

As we delve into this intriguing and somewhat unconventional research domain, we find ourselves oscillating between the analytical and the imaginative, between statistical significance and lyrical resonance. The literature reviewed here represents just a snapshot of the rich tapestry of ideas and narratives that contribute to our understanding of the interconnectedness of music and dance degrees and solar power generation in Costa Rica. With a nod to the serious research that precedes us, we approach this investigation with a sense of curiosity and a willingness to embrace the unexpected—because sometimes, as we may soon discover, the sunniest symphonies are composed in the unlikeliest of places.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and Solar power generated in Costa Rica. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 2011 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a lighthearted investigation into the surprisingly harmonious relationship between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in the beautiful country of Costa Rica. While the topic may sound like a composition in a minor key, our findings reveal a major connection between the two seemingly unrelated domains. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, our research team danced through the numbers and discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021.

Our study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. The results of this research may seem symphonic, but they shed light on the power of artistic education in fueling sustainable energy practices. So, in the world of renewable energy, it seems that the rhythm and groove of music and dance degrees play a significant role in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Picture this: a sun-kissed Costa Rica, where the rhythm of tropical music and the elegance of traditional dance meet the radiant embrace of solar power. It might sound like the setup for a whimsical Caribbean fairy tale, but hold on to your maracas, because our study delves into the melodic connection between these seemingly unrelated fields.
When you think of Costa Rica, you might conjure images of lush rainforests, colorful toucans, and maybe a sloth or two hanging out in the treetops. But nestled amidst this natural wonderland, Costa Rica has been quietly singing a different tune—one of green energy and sustainability. Meanwhile, the world of music and dance education has been conducting its own orchestra, adding a unique beat to the academic landscape.
As research enthusiasts, we couldn't resist harmonizing the data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to uncover the synergy between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in this charming Central American gem. With a dash of statistical finesse and a sprinkle of academic curiosity, we waltzed through the numbers to reveal an unexpectedly high correlation coefficient and a p-value that would make any statistician do a little salsa.
Just think about it: more music and dance degrees leading to brighter, sunnier prospects for solar energy. It's like a scientifically proven pas de deux between artistic education and sustainable technology. So, whether you're a music lover, a dance aficionado, or a solar energy enthusiast, this paper promises to hit all the right notes and shed some light on an unexpectedly harmonious relationship. It's time to tune in and groove to the beat of data-driven discovery. Let's boogie on down this research rabbit hole!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

**METHODOLOGY**

Digging into the delightful data that intertwines the world of music and dance with the sunny realm of solar power in Costa Rica required a little bit of technical footwork and a whole lot of scientific razzle-dazzle. Our research team may not have moonwalked through the process, but we traversed the academic terrain with the grace of a prima ballerina and the determination of a chart-topping rockstar.

**Data Collection**

We sashayed through the vast expanse of the internet, pirouetting our way through a deluge of data sources to curate the most harmonious and radiant information available. The National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration were our main stage, providing the statistical melodies and energetic movements that formed the backbone of our research. We swung from one data set to another with the agility of a swing dancer, only pausing to perfect our statistical moves.

**Variables and Considerations**

When it comes to conducting research, it's crucial to harmonize the right variables and consider all the moving parts. In this case, we focused on the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance as our melodious independent variable and the solar power generated in Costa Rica as our radiant dependent variable. We considered a ten-year window from 2011 to 2021, allowing us to capture the evolving cadence of both educational awards and solar energy production over time.

**Statistical Symphony**

Executing the sweet, sweet moves of statistical analysis, we employed a complex choreography of methodologies to accentuate the correlation between music and dance degrees and solar power generation. Our research pirouetted its way to a correlation coefficient of 0.9876857, revealing a strikingly tight bond between these seemingly disparate entities. The p-value, waltzing in at less than 0.01, added a touch of statistical drama to the mix, confirming the significance of the findings with a flourish that would make any maestro proud.

In true scientific fashion, we also conducted a series of robust statistical tests, ensuring that our results weren't just a fleeting waltz in the data. Paired t-tests and regression analyses were our partners in this statistical tango, providing additional depth and resonance to our findings. Like a finely tuned orchestra, our statistical analyses harmonized the variables and peeled back the curtain on the mesmerizing amalgamation of music and dance degrees with the radiant allure of solar power in the captivating backdrop of Costa Rica.

The methodology may sound like a grand opera, but as the saying goes, "all the world is a stage," and our research certainly took center stage in unraveling this unexpected symphony of data. So buckle up, dear readers, as the curtain rises, and the performances of musical degrees and solar power take center stage in the grand theater of statistical inquiry. Let the show begin!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and Solar power generated in Costa Rica. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 2011 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9876857, r-squared of 0.9755230, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a lighthearted investigation into the surprisingly harmonious relationship between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in the beautiful country of Costa Rica. While the topic may sound like a composition in a minor key, our findings reveal a major connection between the two seemingly unrelated domains. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, our research team danced through the numbers and discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021.

Our study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. The results of this research may seem symphonic, but they shed light on the power of artistic education in fueling sustainable energy practices. So, in the world of renewable energy, it seems that the rhythm and groove of music and dance degrees play a significant role in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Picture this: a sun-kissed Costa Rica, where the rhythm of tropical music and the elegance of traditional dance meet the radiant embrace of solar power. It might sound like the setup for a whimsical Caribbean fairy tale, but hold on to your maracas, because our study delves into the melodic connection between these seemingly unrelated fields.
When you think of Costa Rica, you might conjure images of lush rainforests, colorful toucans, and maybe a sloth or two hanging out in the treetops. But nestled amidst this natural wonderland, Costa Rica has been quietly singing a different tune—one of green energy and sustainability. Meanwhile, the world of music and dance education has been conducting its own orchestra, adding a unique beat to the academic landscape.
As research enthusiasts, we couldn't resist harmonizing the data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to uncover the synergy between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in this charming Central American gem. With a dash of statistical finesse and a sprinkle of academic curiosity, we waltzed through the numbers to reveal an unexpectedly high correlation coefficient and a p-value that would make any statistician do a little salsa.
Just think about it: more music and dance degrees leading to brighter, sunnier prospects for solar energy. It's like a scientifically proven pas de deux between artistic education and sustainable technology. So, whether you're a music lover, a dance aficionado, or a solar energy enthusiast, this paper promises to hit all the right notes and shed some light on an unexpectedly harmonious relationship. It's time to tune in and groove to the beat of data-driven discovery. Let's boogie on down this research rabbit hole!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The moment of truth has arrived, and our research findings are sure to strike a chord. Drum roll, please! Our analysis revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in Costa Rica from 2011 to 2021. That's not just a mere coincidence; it's a statistical symphony of epic proportions!

In addition to this striking correlation, our regression analysis unveiled an r-squared value of 0.9755230, emphasizing the robustness of our findings. It's like finding the perfect harmony in a musical composition; each note (or data point) sings in harmony, contributing to the overall beauty of the piece. And with a p-value less than 0.01, we can confidently say that our results are not just a fluke—it's a statistical tango that simply cannot be ignored!

To visually capture the essence of our findings, we present Fig. 1, a tantalizing scatterplot that illustrates the strong relationship between music and dance degrees and solar power generation in Costa Rica. The points on the plot are not just dots; they're like musical notes on a staff, dancing in perfect synchronization with the solar power output. It's a visual representation of the harmonious correlation we uncovered, and it's truly a sight to behold.

So, what does all this mean in practical terms? Well, it seems that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. This finding might seem like a whimsical melody, but it speaks volumes about the potential impact of arts education on sustainable energy practices. In a world where renewable energy reigns supreme, it turns out that the arts have a significant role to play in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.

In closing, our results not only highlight the unexpected connections between seemingly disparate fields but also underscore the importance of looking beyond traditional boundaries. Whether it's a waltz of data analysis or a salsa of statistical significance, our study serves as a reminder that sometimes, the most captivating discoveries emerge from the most unlikely pairings.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and Solar power generated in Costa Rica. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a lighthearted investigation into the surprisingly harmonious relationship between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in the beautiful country of Costa Rica. While the topic may sound like a composition in a minor key, our findings reveal a major connection between the two seemingly unrelated domains. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, our research team danced through the numbers and discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021.

Our study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. The results of this research may seem symphonic, but they shed light on the power of artistic education in fueling sustainable energy practices. So, in the world of renewable energy, it seems that the rhythm and groove of music and dance degrees play a significant role in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
A serious exploration of the connection between the awarding of associate degrees in music and dance and the generation of solar power in Costa Rica begins with the foundational work of Smith, Doe, and Jones. In "The Melodic Correlation of Educational Attainment and Renewable Energy Production," Smith et al. delve into the potential relationship between artistic education and environmental sustainability. Although their study takes a cautious, academic tone, the authors find lorem and ipsum, leading them to speculate that music and dance degrees may hold the key to unlocking the sun's potential in Costa Rica.
Building on this scholarly foundation, Doe's "Solar Salsa: The Energy of Artistic Education" presents a compelling argument for the role of the arts in shaping sustainable energy practices. Doe's work reflects a shift in the academic discourse, as she offers a lyrical interpretation of the data, bringing out the metaphorical dance between artistic education and solar power generation. The findings of Doe's research suggest unexpected parallels between harmonious melodies and radiant beams, engaging readers in a thought-provoking exploration of the intersection of creativity and renewable energy.
Moving beyond the academic realm, several non-fiction books offer intriguing insights into the potential synergy between music and dance education and solar power. "The Solar Symphony: Harnessing Energy through Artistic Expression" by Green explores the possibility of orchestrating solar energy production through the harmonious rhythms of music and dance education. Green's narrative style and in-depth exploration of the subject matter invite readers to tap their toes to the beat of renewable energy possibilities.
On the more whimsical side of literature, fictional works such as "Sunbeam Serenade: The Musical Mystery of Solar Power" by Sunshine and "Dancing with Photons: A Tale of Energy and Elegance" by Moonbeam weave enchanting stories that blur the lines between fiction and reality. While these imaginary narratives may seem far-fetched at first glance, they play a pivotal role in sparking the imagination and fostering a sense of wonder about the potential connections between artistic education and solar power generation.
In the realm of children's entertainment, cartoons such as "Solar Groove: The Adventures of Energy and Rhythm" and "Dance to the Sun: A Musical Journey Through Renewable Energy" provide lighthearted yet thought-provoking narratives that highlight the playful potential of integrating music, dance, and solar power. These animated tales captivate young audiences while subtly instilling the idea that artistic expression and environmental sustainability can indeed dance hand in hand.
As we delve into this intriguing and somewhat unconventional research domain, we find ourselves oscillating between the analytical and the imaginative, between statistical significance and lyrical resonance. The literature reviewed here represents just a snapshot of the rich tapestry of ideas and narratives that contribute to our understanding of the interconnectedness of music and dance degrees and solar power generation in Costa Rica. With a nod to the serious research that precedes us, we approach this investigation with a sense of curiosity and a willingness to embrace the unexpected—because sometimes, as we may soon discover, the sunniest symphonies are composed in the unlikeliest of places.

[[RESULTS]]
The moment of truth has arrived, and our research findings are sure to strike a chord. Drum roll, please! Our analysis revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in Costa Rica from 2011 to 2021. That's not just a mere coincidence; it's a statistical symphony of epic proportions!
In addition to this striking correlation, our regression analysis unveiled an r-squared value of 0.9755230, emphasizing the robustness of our findings. It's like finding the perfect harmony in a musical composition; each note (or data point) sings in harmony, contributing to the overall beauty of the piece. And with a p-value less than 0.01, we can confidently say that our results are not just a fluke—it's a statistical tango that simply cannot be ignored!
To visually capture the essence of our findings, we present Fig. 1, a tantalizing scatterplot that illustrates the strong relationship between music and dance degrees and solar power generation in Costa Rica. The points on the plot are not just dots; they're like musical notes on a staff, dancing in perfect synchronization with the solar power output. It's a visual representation of the harmonious correlation we uncovered, and it's truly a sight to behold.
So, what does all this mean in practical terms? Well, it seems that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. This finding might seem like a whimsical melody, but it speaks volumes about the potential impact of arts education on sustainable energy practices. In a world where renewable energy reigns supreme, it turns out that the arts have a significant role to play in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.
In closing, our results not only highlight the unexpected connections between seemingly disparate fields but also underscore the importance of looking beyond traditional boundaries. Whether it's a waltz of data analysis or a salsa of statistical significance, our study serves as a reminder that sometimes, the most captivating discoveries emerge from the most unlikely pairings.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our findings have certainly struck a chord, and the harmony between music and dance degrees and solar power generation in Costa Rica is undeniable. Our results align with the earlier scholarly works of Smith, Doe, and Jones, displaying a statistical symphony that resonates with the metaphorical dance between artistic education and renewable energy. A noteworthy point from the literature review was the whimsical nature of some of the sources, but as it turns out, these seemingly fanciful narratives might not be so far-fetched after all. The correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 that our analysis unveiled could certainly be likened to the melodic findings presented by Sunshine and Moonbeam in their fictional tales.

It's clear that our results support previous research indicating that there is a harmony between the awarding of music and dance degrees and the level of solar power generation in Costa Rica. The robust r-squared value of 0.9755230 reinforces the solidity of this relationship, akin to the steady beat of a drum anchoring a musical composition. Our findings have contributed a crescendo to the growing understanding of the interconnectedness of artistic education and sustainable energy practices. They further emphasize the lighthearted insights offered in the non-fiction and animated narratives we encountered in the literature review, demonstrating that sometimes, academic research and imaginative storytelling can indeed dance hand in hand.

While the idea of music and dance degrees influencing solar power generation may seem like a fanciful notion at first, the statistical tango revealed by our p-value of less than 0.01 provides resounding scientific support for this intriguing correlation. Just as the cartoons "Solar Groove" and "Dance to the Sun" captured the playful potential of bridging artistic expression and environmental sustainability, our research has drawn attention to the serious implications of this connection.

The scatterplot we have presented, akin to musical notes dancing in synchronization with solar power output, is a visual representation of the harmonious correlation we have uncovered. It mirrors the supportive framework offered by Green in "The Solar Symphony," showcasing the possibility of orchestrating solar energy production through the harmonious rhythms of music and dance education.

In conclusion (to be written by the actual researcher), it is evident that our study has contributed a noteworthy verse to the unconventional yet compelling narrative surrounding the integration of music and dance education with renewable energy possibilities. Our statistical findings underscore the transformative potential of artistic education in the quest for sustainable energy practices, shedding light on the composition of the solar symphony of Costa Rica.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance and Solar power generated in Costa Rica. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a lighthearted investigation into the surprisingly harmonious relationship between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in the beautiful country of Costa Rica. While the topic may sound like a composition in a minor key, our findings reveal a major connection between the two seemingly unrelated domains. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, our research team danced through the numbers and discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021.

Our study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. The results of this research may seem symphonic, but they shed light on the power of artistic education in fueling sustainable energy practices. So, in the world of renewable energy, it seems that the rhythm and groove of music and dance degrees play a significant role in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Picture this: a sun-kissed Costa Rica, where the rhythm of tropical music and the elegance of traditional dance meet the radiant embrace of solar power. It might sound like the setup for a whimsical Caribbean fairy tale, but hold on to your maracas, because our study delves into the melodic connection between these seemingly unrelated fields.
When you think of Costa Rica, you might conjure images of lush rainforests, colorful toucans, and maybe a sloth or two hanging out in the treetops. But nestled amidst this natural wonderland, Costa Rica has been quietly singing a different tune—one of green energy and sustainability. Meanwhile, the world of music and dance education has been conducting its own orchestra, adding a unique beat to the academic landscape.
As research enthusiasts, we couldn't resist harmonizing the data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to uncover the synergy between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in this charming Central American gem. With a dash of statistical finesse and a sprinkle of academic curiosity, we waltzed through the numbers to reveal an unexpectedly high correlation coefficient and a p-value that would make any statistician do a little salsa.
Just think about it: more music and dance degrees leading to brighter, sunnier prospects for solar energy. It's like a scientifically proven pas de deux between artistic education and sustainable technology. So, whether you're a music lover, a dance aficionado, or a solar energy enthusiast, this paper promises to hit all the right notes and shed some light on an unexpectedly harmonious relationship. It's time to tune in and groove to the beat of data-driven discovery. Let's boogie on down this research rabbit hole!

[[RESULTS]]
The moment of truth has arrived, and our research findings are sure to strike a chord. Drum roll, please! Our analysis revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in Costa Rica from 2011 to 2021. That's not just a mere coincidence; it's a statistical symphony of epic proportions!
In addition to this striking correlation, our regression analysis unveiled an r-squared value of 0.9755230, emphasizing the robustness of our findings. It's like finding the perfect harmony in a musical composition; each note (or data point) sings in harmony, contributing to the overall beauty of the piece. And with a p-value less than 0.01, we can confidently say that our results are not just a fluke—it's a statistical tango that simply cannot be ignored!
To visually capture the essence of our findings, we present Fig. 1, a tantalizing scatterplot that illustrates the strong relationship between music and dance degrees and solar power generation in Costa Rica. The points on the plot are not just dots; they're like musical notes on a staff, dancing in perfect synchronization with the solar power output. It's a visual representation of the harmonious correlation we uncovered, and it's truly a sight to behold.
So, what does all this mean in practical terms? Well, it seems that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. This finding might seem like a whimsical melody, but it speaks volumes about the potential impact of arts education on sustainable energy practices. In a world where renewable energy reigns supreme, it turns out that the arts have a significant role to play in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.
In closing, our results not only highlight the unexpected connections between seemingly disparate fields but also underscore the importance of looking beyond traditional boundaries. Whether it's a waltz of data analysis or a salsa of statistical significance, our study serves as a reminder that sometimes, the most captivating discoveries emerge from the most unlikely pairings.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

As we wrap up this gleefully unconventional research endeavor, it's evident that the connection between music and dance degrees and solar power generation in Costa Rica is singing a tune that even the most seasoned researchers couldn't predict. Our findings dance to the beat of statistical significance, swaying to a correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 that's so strong, it could practically lead a conga line straight to sustainable energy practices. If that's not music to your ears, we don't know what is!

The results of our study not only serenade the scientific community with their unexpected harmonies but also underscore the importance of embracing whimsy in research. After all, who would have thought that the sweet melodies of music and dance could sync up so perfectly with the radiant beams of solar power? It's like finding the perfect tempo in an experiment, where every statistical variable hits all the right notes, creating a symphony of discovery.

In practical terms, our research sends a clear message: the arts have a key role to play in bringing sustainable energy to the center stage. It's not just a matter of numbers; it's about orchestrating a grand symphony of innovation, where creativity and technology are partners in a pas de deux of progress. If this research has taught us anything, it's that the unexpected pairings often yield the most astonishing results, much like a scientific plot twist that leaves us awestruck.

So, as we bid adieu to this delightful adventure in data analysis, we can confidently say that no further research is needed in this area. After all, when the music and dance degrees are in perfect harmony with the solar power, it's time to let the statistical curtains fall on this captivating performance. Let's just say, the results are so convincing, we don't need a encore!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Eclectic Interdisciplinary Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Ethereal Arts and Sustainable Energy


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Harmonious Degrees and Radiant Beams: A Melodious Study of Music and Dance Degrees and Solar Power in Costa Rica with an abstract of This paper presents a lighthearted investigation into the surprisingly harmonious relationship between the number of associate degrees awarded in music and dance and the solar power generated in the beautiful country of Costa Rica. While the topic may sound like a composition in a minor key, our findings reveal a major connection between the two seemingly unrelated domains. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, our research team danced through the numbers and discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9876857 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021.
Our study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the more music and dance degrees awarded, the sunnier the outlook for solar power generation in Costa Rica. The results of this research may seem symphonic, but they shed light on the power of artistic education in fueling sustainable energy practices. So, in the world of renewable energy, it seems that the rhythm and groove of music and dance degrees play a significant role in orchestrating the solar symphony of Costa Rica.

ChatGPT:

associate degrees, music degrees, dance degrees, solar power, Costa Rica, correlation coefficient, renewable energy, sustainable energy, artistic education, National Center for Education Statistics, Energy Information Administration

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance
Detailed data title: Associate's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions with a field of study of Music and dance
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance

Solar power generated in Costa Rica
Detailed data title: Total solar power generated in Costa Rica in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Solar power generated in Costa Rica

Correlation r = 0.9876857 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.9755230 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 97.6% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Solar power generated in Costa Rica) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance) over the 11 years from 2011 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.5E-8. 0.0000000146751664785135340000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.99 in 1.5E-6% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 68,142,327 random variables You don't actually need 68 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.95, 1 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance (Degrees awarded)13561683174317151886198919932309262126472498
Solar power generated in Costa Rica (Billion kWh)0.0010.0120.0160.0210.0280.030.040.0590.0770.0760.061




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
    Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1356,1683,1743,1715,1886,1989,1993,2309,2621,2647,2498,])
array_2 = np.array([0.001,0.012,0.016,0.021,0.028,0.03,0.04,0.059,0.077,0.076,0.061,])
array_1_name = "Associates degrees awarded in Music and dance"
array_2_name = "Solar power generated in Costa Rica"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

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Correlation ID: 2810 · Black Variable ID: 1262 · Red Variable ID: 23609
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