Download png, svg
AI explanation
As the air became cleaner in Pittsburgh, it seems the artist's love life hit a smoggy patch. But when the pollution cleared, so did their heart, leading to a revamp of comic topics. It's a tale of 'Aeris and Graces' as the city's air quality played matchmaker for the creator's creative inspiration!Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [An image of a TIME magazine cover featuring a bold, striking illustration of Pittsburgh's smog-filled sky. The smog hangs heavy over the city, casting a hazy, eerie glow over the skyline. Below, in the foreground, a group of diverse residents are depicted, gathered in the streets with a backdrop of buildings and the smog-covered sky. The individuals are shown in various stages of joyful engagement, with some laughing heartily, others smiling, and a few pointing at the sky. Meanwhile, a beam of light shining through the smog draws the eye to a shared smartphone or tablet, where a visible and engaging comic strip in the style of xkcd is being perused. Each person's expression is captured with a striking mix of laughter, intrigue, and warmth as they enjoy the comic together. The atmosphere is one of community, shared humor, and joy, despite the challenging backdrop of the smoggy city.] The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Poor air quality in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics published about romance. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Vaporwave A TIME magazine cover image Futuristic Hyper-realistic Woodblock painting
ChatGPT: A TIME magazine cover image
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Poor air quality in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics published about romance together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a smog-filled sky over Pittsburgh, residents gather to read the latest xkcd comic strip about romance. Despite the hazy air, their faces light up with laughter as they share the humorous and heartwarming scenes from the comic.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A TIME magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In a smog-filled sky over Pittsburgh, residents gather to read the latest xkcd comic strip about romance. Despite the hazy air, their faces light up with laughter as they share the humorous and heartwarming scenes from the comic. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [An image of a TIME magazine cover featuring a bold, striking illustration of Pittsburgh's smog-filled sky. The smog hangs heavy over the city, casting a hazy, eerie glow over the skyline. Below, in the foreground, a group of diverse residents are depicted, gathered in the streets with a backdrop of buildings and the smog-covered sky. The individuals are shown in various stages of joyful engagement, with some laughing heartily, others smiling, and a few pointing at the sky. Meanwhile, a beam of light shining through the smog draws the eye to a shared smartphone or tablet, where a visible and engaging comic strip in the style of xkcd is being perused. Each person's expression is captured with a striking mix of laughter, intrigue, and warmth as they enjoy the comic together. The atmosphere is one of community, shared humor, and joy, despite the challenging backdrop of the smoggy city.]
*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.
I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Air pollution in Pittsburgh caused xkcd comics published about romance to decrease. Include one good pun.
AI academic paper
Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance The Journal of Environmental Romantics Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real! |
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics published about romance. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, just make it sound clever.
Your research team used data from Environmental Protection Agency and AI analysis of xkcd comics to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8842031 and p < 0.01 for 2007 to 2023.
Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)
[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper aims to investigate the often overlooked relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics specifically pertaining to romantic themes. Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, our study examines the air quality indexes in Pittsburgh from 2007 to 2023. Concurrently, an AI-enabled sentiment analysis of xkcd comics was conducted to identify and categorize those related to romantic topics. The correlation coefficient of 0.8842031, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, suggests a robust relationship between the two variables of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics. This unexpected link challenges traditional assumptions about the impact of environmental factors on artistic expression. These findings could not only provide valuable insights into the interplay of human emotions and environmental conditions but also offer a unique perspective on the cultural response to air quality issues.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics published about romance. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper aims to investigate the often overlooked relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics specifically pertaining to romantic themes. Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, our study examines the air quality indexes in Pittsburgh from 2007 to 2023. Concurrently, an AI-enabled sentiment analysis of xkcd comics was conducted to identify and categorize those related to romantic topics. The correlation coefficient of 0.8842031, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, suggests a robust relationship between the two variables of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics. This unexpected link challenges traditional assumptions about the impact of environmental factors on artistic expression. These findings could not only provide valuable insights into the interplay of human emotions and environmental conditions but also offer a unique perspective on the cultural response to air quality issues.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
ChatGPT:
INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is a persistent challenge in urban environments, affecting public health and the natural environment. Pittsburgh, known for its industrial history, has grappled with air quality issues over the years, prompting researchers to explore various dimensions of its impact. While the deleterious effects of air pollution on respiratory health and environmental sustainability are well-established, its influence on artistic expression remains a relatively uncharted territory.
In this study, we venture into this unexplored realm, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the creation of xkcd comics focusing on themes of romance. The decision to examine xkcd comics specifically arises from their diverse representation of human experiences and emotions, often presented in a delightfully nerdy and relatable manner. Through this unconventional lens, we seek to shed light on the potential interplay between environmental factors and the portrayal of romantic narratives in popular culture.
As we delve into this unorthodox investigation, we recognize the skepticism it may provoke within the scientific community. After all, linking air pollution to the content of webcomics may seem, at first glance, like a whimsical fancy or an outlandish concept relegated to the realm of absurd correlations. However, it is within these seemingly improbable connections that unexpected insights often emerge, challenging our preconceptions and expanding the horizons of empirical inquiry.
By embracing the unconventional and humorously contemplating the intersection of air pollution and xkcd romance, we aspire to illustrate the multifaceted nature of human response to environmental stimuli and the potential for creative endeavors to reflect societal concerns. As we embark on this scholarly escapade, let us unmask the subtleties underlying the seemingly whimsical correlation between the clear skies of romance and the pollution-laden urban landscape, and perhaps uncover a trove of unexpected revelations along the way.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics published about romance. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.
Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.
Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper aims to investigate the often overlooked relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics specifically pertaining to romantic themes. Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, our study examines the air quality indexes in Pittsburgh from 2007 to 2023. Concurrently, an AI-enabled sentiment analysis of xkcd comics was conducted to identify and categorize those related to romantic topics. The correlation coefficient of 0.8842031, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, suggests a robust relationship between the two variables of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics. This unexpected link challenges traditional assumptions about the impact of environmental factors on artistic expression. These findings could not only provide valuable insights into the interplay of human emotions and environmental conditions but also offer a unique perspective on the cultural response to air quality issues.
-------
And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is a persistent challenge in urban environments, affecting public health and the natural environment. Pittsburgh, known for its industrial history, has grappled with air quality issues over the years, prompting researchers to explore various dimensions of its impact. While the deleterious effects of air pollution on respiratory health and environmental sustainability are well-established, its influence on artistic expression remains a relatively uncharted territory.
In this study, we venture into this unexplored realm, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the creation of xkcd comics focusing on themes of romance. The decision to examine xkcd comics specifically arises from their diverse representation of human experiences and emotions, often presented in a delightfully nerdy and relatable manner. Through this unconventional lens, we seek to shed light on the potential interplay between environmental factors and the portrayal of romantic narratives in popular culture.
As we delve into this unorthodox investigation, we recognize the skepticism it may provoke within the scientific community. After all, linking air pollution to the content of webcomics may seem, at first glance, like a whimsical fancy or an outlandish concept relegated to the realm of absurd correlations. However, it is within these seemingly improbable connections that unexpected insights often emerge, challenging our preconceptions and expanding the horizons of empirical inquiry.
By embracing the unconventional and humorously contemplating the intersection of air pollution and xkcd romance, we aspire to illustrate the multifaceted nature of human response to environmental stimuli and the potential for creative endeavors to reflect societal concerns. As we embark on this scholarly escapade, let us unmask the subtleties underlying the seemingly whimsical correlation between the clear skies of romance and the pollution-laden urban landscape, and perhaps uncover a trove of unexpected revelations along the way.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between air pollution and artistic expression has been a subject of interest for researchers in various disciplines. Smith et al. (2015) examined the impact of environmental factors on creativity and found a positive correlation between air quality and the generation of innovative ideas. Similarly, Doe (2018) investigated the relationship between pollution levels and the production of literary works, suggesting a potential influence of air pollution on the themes and emotions depicted in written narratives.
Turning to more abstract forms of artistic representation, Jones (2021) conducted a study on the intersection of environmental phenomena and digital art, unveiling intriguing patterns in the creation of visual content in polluted versus unpolluted settings. While these studies offer valuable insights into the potential link between environmental conditions and artistic expression, they lay the groundwork for our exploration of a rather unconventional medium in the context of air pollution – xkcd comics on romance.
In "Factfulness" by Hans Rosling, the authors draw attention to the dynamics of human perception and emphasize the importance of critically examining apparent correlations. Additionally, "The Signal and The Noise" by Nate Silver provides a compelling analysis of spurious correlations and the pitfalls of jumping to conclusions based on superficial connections.
Moving to the realm of fiction, "Cloud Atlas" by David Mitchell touches upon the interweaving of human experiences across different temporal and spatial contexts, offering a metaphorical reflection on the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate elements. Moreover, "Love in the Time of Cholera" by Gabriel García Márquez alludes to the intricacies of romantic narratives amidst challenging external circumstances, echoing the nuanced relationship we seek to unravel between air pollution and romance in xkcd comics.
In the pursuit of a broader cultural understanding, the researchers attuned themselves to various television shows, such as "Parks and Recreation" and "The Office," to gain insight into the portrayal of urban settings and interpersonal dynamics. The immersive exploration of these diverse media sources served to inform our investigation and foster a multifaceted perspective on the potential influence of environmental conditions on the thematic content of artistic endeavors.
As the researchers embarked on this unconventional scholarly quest, they aimed to meld rigorous inquiry with an inquisitive spirit, unearthing unexpected connections and embracing the whimsical allure inherent in the pursuit of knowledge. The forthcoming sections delineate the multifaceted analysis conducted to discern the entwined enigmas of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics, offering a lighthearted odyssey through the unanticipated confluence of environmental factors and creative expressions.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics published about romance. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and AI analysis of xkcd comics . You used data from 2007 to 2023
Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.
Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper aims to investigate the often overlooked relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics specifically pertaining to romantic themes. Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, our study examines the air quality indexes in Pittsburgh from 2007 to 2023. Concurrently, an AI-enabled sentiment analysis of xkcd comics was conducted to identify and categorize those related to romantic topics. The correlation coefficient of 0.8842031, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, suggests a robust relationship between the two variables of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics. This unexpected link challenges traditional assumptions about the impact of environmental factors on artistic expression. These findings could not only provide valuable insights into the interplay of human emotions and environmental conditions but also offer a unique perspective on the cultural response to air quality issues.
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is a persistent challenge in urban environments, affecting public health and the natural environment. Pittsburgh, known for its industrial history, has grappled with air quality issues over the years, prompting researchers to explore various dimensions of its impact. While the deleterious effects of air pollution on respiratory health and environmental sustainability are well-established, its influence on artistic expression remains a relatively uncharted territory.
In this study, we venture into this unexplored realm, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the creation of xkcd comics focusing on themes of romance. The decision to examine xkcd comics specifically arises from their diverse representation of human experiences and emotions, often presented in a delightfully nerdy and relatable manner. Through this unconventional lens, we seek to shed light on the potential interplay between environmental factors and the portrayal of romantic narratives in popular culture.
As we delve into this unorthodox investigation, we recognize the skepticism it may provoke within the scientific community. After all, linking air pollution to the content of webcomics may seem, at first glance, like a whimsical fancy or an outlandish concept relegated to the realm of absurd correlations. However, it is within these seemingly improbable connections that unexpected insights often emerge, challenging our preconceptions and expanding the horizons of empirical inquiry.
By embracing the unconventional and humorously contemplating the intersection of air pollution and xkcd romance, we aspire to illustrate the multifaceted nature of human response to environmental stimuli and the potential for creative endeavors to reflect societal concerns. As we embark on this scholarly escapade, let us unmask the subtleties underlying the seemingly whimsical correlation between the clear skies of romance and the pollution-laden urban landscape, and perhaps uncover a trove of unexpected revelations along the way.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
ChatGPT:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The methodology employed in this research endeavor sought to navigate the complex terrain of quantifying air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and discerning the thematic content of xkcd comics related to romance. The following subsections elucidate the data collection methods, analytical techniques, and statistical procedures utilized to unravel the enigmatic connection between these seemingly disparate domains.
I. Data Collection and Processing
The data on air pollution levels in Pittsburgh was procured from the comprehensive repository of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This repository provided extensive records of air quality indexes from 2007 to 2023, allowing for an encompassing overview of the city's atmospheric conditions over the selected timeframe. Notably, the data collection process revealed intriguing patterns in air quality fluctuations, serving as the foundation for investigating potential associations with cultural artifacts.
Concurrently, acquiring xkcd comics featuring romantic themes necessitated a distinctive approach. An orchestrated effort was made to harness the capabilities of AI-enabled sentiment analysis to systematically identify and categorize the spectrum of romantic content within the vast expanse of xkcd: a webcomic of romance, sarcasm, math, and language. Leveraging the algorithmic prowess of machine learning, the sentiment analysis engendered a nuanced scrutiny of the emotional tonality embedded within the humorous avatars and didactic narratives presented in the xkcd corpus. This multifaceted endeavor facilitated the discernment of poignant expressions of affection, contemplation of interpersonal dynamics, and musings on romantic whimsy, transcending the conventional confines of artistic subjectivity.
II. Statistical Analysis
The culmination of data compilation and curation prompted an intricate process of statistical analysis to elucidate the putative nexus between air pollution levels and romantic xkcd comics. Employing the robust apparatus of correlation analysis, the interrelationship between the two variables was scrutinized with mathematical precision. The correlation coefficient, delineating the strength and direction of the association, emerged as a beacon of elucidation, guiding the interpretation of the interwoven fabric of air pollution and literary expressions of love in the comic form.
Furthermore, a rigorous application of inferential statistics burgeoned forth, culminating in the estimation of the p-value to ascertain the statistical significance of the observed correlation. The consequential revelation of a p-value less than 0.01 clandestinely substantiates the formidable union between air pollution and romantic xkcd comics, corroborating the veracity of an unforeseen liaison that transcends the purview of conventional wisdom.
III. Considerations and Limitations
While the methodology proffered invaluable insights into the interplay of air pollution and romantic expression in xkcd comics, several limitations beset the exploratory endeavors. The reliance on retrospective data and computational analyses imparts inherent constraints on the generalizability of the findings. Moreover, the underlying complexity of human emotions and artistic interpretation invokes a nuanced conundrum, warranting prudent circumspection in interpreting the purported correlations.
In summation, the methodological apparatus harnessed in this study culminated in the revelation of a clandestine liaison between the atmospheric milieu of Pittsburgh and the ethereal manifestations of love enshrined in xkcd comics. The dialectical interplay between empirical scrutiny and the whimsical insights of artistic representation unravel the enigmatic synergy of air pollution and romance, yielding a reservoir of knowledge and mirthful contemplation.
The succeeding section shall explicate the empirical findings emanating from the incandescent fusion of statistical scrutiny and artistic perspicacity, unraveling the clandestine embrace of Pittsburgh's skies and the tender nuances of romance.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics published about romance. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and AI analysis of xkcd comics .
For the time period 2007 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.8842031, r-squared of 0.7818152, and p < 0.01.
One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper aims to investigate the often overlooked relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics specifically pertaining to romantic themes. Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, our study examines the air quality indexes in Pittsburgh from 2007 to 2023. Concurrently, an AI-enabled sentiment analysis of xkcd comics was conducted to identify and categorize those related to romantic topics. The correlation coefficient of 0.8842031, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, suggests a robust relationship between the two variables of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics. This unexpected link challenges traditional assumptions about the impact of environmental factors on artistic expression. These findings could not only provide valuable insights into the interplay of human emotions and environmental conditions but also offer a unique perspective on the cultural response to air quality issues.
-------
And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is a persistent challenge in urban environments, affecting public health and the natural environment. Pittsburgh, known for its industrial history, has grappled with air quality issues over the years, prompting researchers to explore various dimensions of its impact. While the deleterious effects of air pollution on respiratory health and environmental sustainability are well-established, its influence on artistic expression remains a relatively uncharted territory.
In this study, we venture into this unexplored realm, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the creation of xkcd comics focusing on themes of romance. The decision to examine xkcd comics specifically arises from their diverse representation of human experiences and emotions, often presented in a delightfully nerdy and relatable manner. Through this unconventional lens, we seek to shed light on the potential interplay between environmental factors and the portrayal of romantic narratives in popular culture.
As we delve into this unorthodox investigation, we recognize the skepticism it may provoke within the scientific community. After all, linking air pollution to the content of webcomics may seem, at first glance, like a whimsical fancy or an outlandish concept relegated to the realm of absurd correlations. However, it is within these seemingly improbable connections that unexpected insights often emerge, challenging our preconceptions and expanding the horizons of empirical inquiry.
By embracing the unconventional and humorously contemplating the intersection of air pollution and xkcd romance, we aspire to illustrate the multifaceted nature of human response to environmental stimuli and the potential for creative endeavors to reflect societal concerns. As we embark on this scholarly escapade, let us unmask the subtleties underlying the seemingly whimsical correlation between the clear skies of romance and the pollution-laden urban landscape, and perhaps uncover a trove of unexpected revelations along the way.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[RESULTS]]
ChatGPT:
[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8842031 between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics centered on themes of romance. This implies a strong positive linear relationship between the two variables, suggesting that as air pollution increased, so did the creation of romantic xkcd comics. The high r-squared value of 0.7818152 indicates that approximately 78.18% of the variation in the frequency of romantic xkcd comics can be explained by changes in air pollution levels.
The robust and statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 further underscores the strength of this association, reinforcing the validity of the observed correlation. Indeed, the likelihood of such a strong relationship occurring by chance is exceedingly low, affirming the credibility of the findings.
* A stunning revelation emerges from these seemingly disparate realms of inquiry. The romantic musings portrayed in xkcd comics appear to be intricately intertwined with the atmospheric composition of Pittsburgh. One might even suggest that love is in the air – quite literally.
Fig. 1 illustrates the scatterplot depicting the conspicuous positive correlation between air pollution levels and the number of romantic xkcd comics published. The data points align closely along a clear upward trend, affirming the coherence of the statistical relationship uncovered in this investigation.
* It appears that the romantic inclinations of xkcd comics wax and wane in harmony with the environmental ambiance of Pittsburgh. This unanticipated interplay between air quality and online romance alludes to a whimsical narrative of love blossoming amidst industrial emissions, lending a poetic touch to the otherwise austere domain of air pollution research.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics published about romance. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Limit your response to 500 tokens.
Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.
Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.
[[TITLE]]
Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper aims to investigate the often overlooked relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics specifically pertaining to romantic themes. Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, our study examines the air quality indexes in Pittsburgh from 2007 to 2023. Concurrently, an AI-enabled sentiment analysis of xkcd comics was conducted to identify and categorize those related to romantic topics. The correlation coefficient of 0.8842031, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, suggests a robust relationship between the two variables of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics. This unexpected link challenges traditional assumptions about the impact of environmental factors on artistic expression. These findings could not only provide valuable insights into the interplay of human emotions and environmental conditions but also offer a unique perspective on the cultural response to air quality issues.
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between air pollution and artistic expression has been a subject of interest for researchers in various disciplines. Smith et al. (2015) examined the impact of environmental factors on creativity and found a positive correlation between air quality and the generation of innovative ideas. Similarly, Doe (2018) investigated the relationship between pollution levels and the production of literary works, suggesting a potential influence of air pollution on the themes and emotions depicted in written narratives.
Turning to more abstract forms of artistic representation, Jones (2021) conducted a study on the intersection of environmental phenomena and digital art, unveiling intriguing patterns in the creation of visual content in polluted versus unpolluted settings. While these studies offer valuable insights into the potential link between environmental conditions and artistic expression, they lay the groundwork for our exploration of a rather unconventional medium in the context of air pollution – xkcd comics on romance.
In "Factfulness" by Hans Rosling, the authors draw attention to the dynamics of human perception and emphasize the importance of critically examining apparent correlations. Additionally, "The Signal and The Noise" by Nate Silver provides a compelling analysis of spurious correlations and the pitfalls of jumping to conclusions based on superficial connections.
Moving to the realm of fiction, "Cloud Atlas" by David Mitchell touches upon the interweaving of human experiences across different temporal and spatial contexts, offering a metaphorical reflection on the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate elements. Moreover, "Love in the Time of Cholera" by Gabriel García Márquez alludes to the intricacies of romantic narratives amidst challenging external circumstances, echoing the nuanced relationship we seek to unravel between air pollution and romance in xkcd comics.
In the pursuit of a broader cultural understanding, the researchers attuned themselves to various television shows, such as "Parks and Recreation" and "The Office," to gain insight into the portrayal of urban settings and interpersonal dynamics. The immersive exploration of these diverse media sources served to inform our investigation and foster a multifaceted perspective on the potential influence of environmental conditions on the thematic content of artistic endeavors.
As the researchers embarked on this unconventional scholarly quest, they aimed to meld rigorous inquiry with an inquisitive spirit, unearthing unexpected connections and embracing the whimsical allure inherent in the pursuit of knowledge. The forthcoming sections delineate the multifaceted analysis conducted to discern the entwined enigmas of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics, offering a lighthearted odyssey through the unanticipated confluence of environmental factors and creative expressions.
[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8842031 between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics centered on themes of romance. This implies a strong positive linear relationship between the two variables, suggesting that as air pollution increased, so did the creation of romantic xkcd comics. The high r-squared value of 0.7818152 indicates that approximately 78.18% of the variation in the frequency of romantic xkcd comics can be explained by changes in air pollution levels.
The robust and statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 further underscores the strength of this association, reinforcing the validity of the observed correlation. Indeed, the likelihood of such a strong relationship occurring by chance is exceedingly low, affirming the credibility of the findings.
* A stunning revelation emerges from these seemingly disparate realms of inquiry. The romantic musings portrayed in xkcd comics appear to be intricately intertwined with the atmospheric composition of Pittsburgh. One might even suggest that love is in the air – quite literally.
Fig. 1 illustrates the scatterplot depicting the conspicuous positive correlation between air pollution levels and the number of romantic xkcd comics published. The data points align closely along a clear upward trend, affirming the coherence of the statistical relationship uncovered in this investigation.
* It appears that the romantic inclinations of xkcd comics wax and wane in harmony with the environmental ambiance of Pittsburgh. This unanticipated interplay between air quality and online romance alludes to a whimsical narrative of love blossoming amidst industrial emissions, lending a poetic touch to the otherwise austere domain of air pollution research.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[DISCUSSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[DISCUSSION]]
The prodigious correlation unveiled in this study corroborates the prior research on the influence of environmental conditions on creative output, thereby affording a novel vantage point into the intangible interplay between air pollution and the realm of romance depicted in xkcd comics. The resounding positive correlation coefficient of 0.8842031 highlights the resonance between the atmospheric composition of Pittsburgh and the amorous themes adorning xkcd strips.
Building on the hitherto overlooked insights from the literature review, the findings substantiate the conjecture that artistic expression, particularly in the form of digital comics, may be swayed by the environmental milieu. Indeed, the substantiated relation between air pollution and romantic xkcd comics, reminiscent of an enchanting courtship, invites contemplation of the nuanced ways in which external influences permeate the artistic landscape.
Moreover, the alignment of our results with the earlier scholarly musings concerning the impact of environmental factors on artistry sheds light on the peculiar predilections of artistic creation amidst varying environmental backdrops. Our data reinforce the proposition advanced by Smith et al. (2015) and Doe (2018), indicating the profound impact of environmental variables on the thematic and emotional tapestry of artistic endeavors.
The comic nature of these unexpected findings mirrors the playful undertones inherent in the scholarly pursuit of patterns and relationships, encapsulating the inherently whimsical nature of empirical discovery. The disclosed correlation, in its subtle wit, hints at the unseen threads weaving through the fabric of artistic expression, attesting to the intricate dance of contextual influences and creative ingenuity.
By embracing the unexpected intersection of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics, this study underscores the enigmatic interdependencies between seemingly unrelated dimensions, propelling the discourse on the permeation of environmental influences into the realms of creative expression. It is thereby imperative to infuse scholarly endeavors with an unbridled curiosity that transcends the conventional confines of academic inquiry, allowing room for the serendipitous revelations that animate the scholarly odyssey.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics published about romance. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.
Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper aims to investigate the often overlooked relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics specifically pertaining to romantic themes. Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, our study examines the air quality indexes in Pittsburgh from 2007 to 2023. Concurrently, an AI-enabled sentiment analysis of xkcd comics was conducted to identify and categorize those related to romantic topics. The correlation coefficient of 0.8842031, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, suggests a robust relationship between the two variables of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics. This unexpected link challenges traditional assumptions about the impact of environmental factors on artistic expression. These findings could not only provide valuable insights into the interplay of human emotions and environmental conditions but also offer a unique perspective on the cultural response to air quality issues.
[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is a persistent challenge in urban environments, affecting public health and the natural environment. Pittsburgh, known for its industrial history, has grappled with air quality issues over the years, prompting researchers to explore various dimensions of its impact. While the deleterious effects of air pollution on respiratory health and environmental sustainability are well-established, its influence on artistic expression remains a relatively uncharted territory.
In this study, we venture into this unexplored realm, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the creation of xkcd comics focusing on themes of romance. The decision to examine xkcd comics specifically arises from their diverse representation of human experiences and emotions, often presented in a delightfully nerdy and relatable manner. Through this unconventional lens, we seek to shed light on the potential interplay between environmental factors and the portrayal of romantic narratives in popular culture.
As we delve into this unorthodox investigation, we recognize the skepticism it may provoke within the scientific community. After all, linking air pollution to the content of webcomics may seem, at first glance, like a whimsical fancy or an outlandish concept relegated to the realm of absurd correlations. However, it is within these seemingly improbable connections that unexpected insights often emerge, challenging our preconceptions and expanding the horizons of empirical inquiry.
By embracing the unconventional and humorously contemplating the intersection of air pollution and xkcd romance, we aspire to illustrate the multifaceted nature of human response to environmental stimuli and the potential for creative endeavors to reflect societal concerns. As we embark on this scholarly escapade, let us unmask the subtleties underlying the seemingly whimsical correlation between the clear skies of romance and the pollution-laden urban landscape, and perhaps uncover a trove of unexpected revelations along the way.
[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8842031 between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics centered on themes of romance. This implies a strong positive linear relationship between the two variables, suggesting that as air pollution increased, so did the creation of romantic xkcd comics. The high r-squared value of 0.7818152 indicates that approximately 78.18% of the variation in the frequency of romantic xkcd comics can be explained by changes in air pollution levels.
The robust and statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 further underscores the strength of this association, reinforcing the validity of the observed correlation. Indeed, the likelihood of such a strong relationship occurring by chance is exceedingly low, affirming the credibility of the findings.
* A stunning revelation emerges from these seemingly disparate realms of inquiry. The romantic musings portrayed in xkcd comics appear to be intricately intertwined with the atmospheric composition of Pittsburgh. One might even suggest that love is in the air – quite literally.
Fig. 1 illustrates the scatterplot depicting the conspicuous positive correlation between air pollution levels and the number of romantic xkcd comics published. The data points align closely along a clear upward trend, affirming the coherence of the statistical relationship uncovered in this investigation.
* It appears that the romantic inclinations of xkcd comics wax and wane in harmony with the environmental ambiance of Pittsburgh. This unanticipated interplay between air quality and online romance alludes to a whimsical narrative of love blossoming amidst industrial emissions, lending a poetic touch to the otherwise austere domain of air pollution research.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[CONCLUSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[CONCLUSION]]
In conclusion, our study has established a robust and noteworthy correlation between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics with romantic themes, confounding conventional expectations and provoking both amusement and contemplation. The quantifiable link, substantiated by a striking correlation coefficient and a compellingly low p-value, unveils an unexpected synergy between environmental pollutants and the digital manifestations of affection in the form of webcomics.
The implications of this discovery extend beyond the realms of statistical analysis and environmental psychology, calling for a whimsical reconsideration of the elements that comprise artistic inspiration. The old adage "love is in the air" acquires a refreshing literal interpretation in light of our findings, inviting scholarly amusement and subtle irony in equal measure.
Furthermore, the metaphorical embrace between air quality and romantic ruminations in an online comic format affords a unique vantage point from which to appreciate the interdisciplinary and often unexpected facets of empirical inquiry. It is a testament to the whimsical and often serendipitous nature of scholarly pursuit, where the pursuit of knowledge can unravel connections as unexpected as they are intriguing.
This study, while delving into the whimsical, also underscores the potential for latent creativity to thrive amidst environmental challenges, offering reassurance that even amidst pollution, love – or at least its artistic expression – may find a way to flourish. Hence, we assert with confidence, and a touch of playfulness, that no further scholarly inquiry into the association between air pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd comics on romance is warranted. The findings of this research stand as a testament to the whimsical complexity of the world.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.
ChatGPT:
The Journal of Environmental Romantics
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.
ChatGPT:
The Institute for Quirky Environmental Studies
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance with an abstract of This research paper aims to investigate the often overlooked relationship between air pollution levels in Pittsburgh and the publication of xkcd comics specifically pertaining to romantic themes. Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, our study examines the air quality indexes in Pittsburgh from 2007 to 2023. Concurrently, an AI-enabled sentiment analysis of xkcd comics was conducted to identify and categorize those related to romantic topics. The correlation coefficient of 0.8842031, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, suggests a robust relationship between the two variables of air pollution and romantic xkcd comics. This unexpected link challenges traditional assumptions about the impact of environmental factors on artistic expression. These findings could not only provide valuable insights into the interplay of human emotions and environmental conditions but also offer a unique perspective on the cultural response to air quality issues.
ChatGPT:
Pittsburgh air pollution, xkcd comics, romance, correlation, environmental factors, sentiment analysis, AI, air quality index, EPA data
*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.
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Data details
Air pollution in PittsburghDetailed data title: Percentage of days 'unhealthy' or worse air quality in Pittsburgh, PA
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Pittsburgh
xkcd comics published about romance
Detailed data title: The number of xkcd comics published each year about romance
Source: AI analysis of xkcd comics
Additional Info: I designed a Python workflow to perform OCR on every xkcd comic, feed that text into a large language model, and ask the model whether this comic was about the category named in the title.
See what else correlates with xkcd comics published about romance
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.
r2 = 0.7818152 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 78.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., xkcd comics published about romance) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Pittsburgh) over the 17 years from 2007 through 2023.
p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.5E-6. 0.0000024797286517211040000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.
But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.
Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.88 in 0.00025% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 403,270 random variables You don't actually need 403 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.
p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.
In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.
Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 16 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 16 because we have two variables measured over a period of 17 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.
[ 0.7, 0.96 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.
This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!
All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.
Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
Air pollution in Pittsburgh (Bad air quality days) | 6.57534 | 3.00546 | 1.36986 | 4.10959 | 1.09589 | 1.36612 | 0.273973 | 0.273973 | 0.273973 | 0.273224 | 0.273973 | 0.273973 | 1.09589 | 0 | 0.273973 | 0.273973 | 1.64609 |
xkcd comics published about romance (xkcd comics) | 38 | 35 | 21 | 28 | 11 | 18 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 5 |
Why this works
- Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
- Lack of causal connection: There is probably
Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied. - Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple
Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Try it yourself
You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.
Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"
Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.
Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.
Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.
Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"
If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:
"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."
# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):
# Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)
# Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
r_squared = correlation**2
return correlation, r_squared, p_value
# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([6.57534,3.00546,1.36986,4.10959,1.09589,1.36612,0.273973,0.273973,0.273973,0.273224,0.273973,0.273973,1.09589,0,0.273973,0.273973,1.64609,])
array_2 = np.array([38,35,21,28,11,18,3,4,3,2,3,1,1,5,6,3,5,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Pittsburgh"
array_2_name = "xkcd comics published about romance"
# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)
# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)
Reuseable content
You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.
For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."
When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.
Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.
Download images for these variables:
- High resolution line chart
The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape. - High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
- Alternative high resolution line chart
- Scatterplot
- Portable line chart (png)
- Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
- Line chart for only Air pollution in Pittsburgh
- Line chart for only xkcd comics published about romance
- AI-generated correlation image
- The spurious research paper: Clear Skies of Romance: Uncovering the Correlation Between Air Pollution in Pittsburgh and xkcd Comics on Romance
I'm genuinely thankful for your rating!
Correlation ID: 2114 · Black Variable ID: 21064 · Red Variable ID: 20013