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Spurious correlation #2,117 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the second variable is US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue.  The chart goes from 2001 to 2012, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As air pollution in Salem, Oregon increased, so did the demand for gas masks. This sudden surge in gas mask popularity led to a nation-wide fascination with all types of face coverings, including motorcycle helmets. As a result, people started buying more motorcycles to match their stylish protective gear, ultimately boosting the US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue. It seems like bad air quality inadvertently revved up the motorcycle market!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that captures the contrast between the thick haze hanging over Salem, Oregon, indicating unhealthy air quality and the bustling assembly of sleek motorcycles in a nearby factory, symbolizing the thriving revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. The image should portray the eerie atmosphere of the city shrouded in haze with the silhouette of the factory in the background, while workers are assembling motorcycles, creating a juxtaposition of environmental concerns and industrial productivity. The focus should be on creating a visually compelling composition that captures the essence of the scene without the need for words or speech bubbles. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Unhealthy air quality in Salem, Oregon and US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A Discovery magazine cover image An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie Cute cartoon a Polaroid photo Charcoal
ChatGPT: A Discovery magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Unhealthy air quality in Salem, Oregon and US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Salem, Oregon, a thick haze hangs over the city, indicating unhealthy air quality. Meanwhile, in a nearby factory, workers are busy assembling sleek motorcycles, representing the thriving revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A Discovery magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In Salem, Oregon, a thick haze hangs over the city, indicating unhealthy air quality. Meanwhile, in a nearby factory, workers are busy assembling sleek motorcycles, representing the thriving revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that captures the contrast between the thick haze hanging over Salem, Oregon, indicating unhealthy air quality and the bustling assembly of sleek motorcycles in a nearby factory, symbolizing the thriving revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. The image should portray the eerie atmosphere of the city shrouded in haze with the silhouette of the factory in the background, while workers are assembling motorcycles, creating a juxtaposition of environmental concerns and industrial productivity. The focus should be on creating a visually compelling composition that captures the essence of the scene without the need for words or speech bubbles.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in Air pollution in Salem, Oregon positively influenced US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon

The Journal of Environmental Economics and Industrial Ecology

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Salem, Oregon and US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Make the title a clever pun.

Your research team used data from Environmental Protection Agency and Statista to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and p < 0.01 for 2001 to 2012.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry, utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista. Through rigorous analysis, a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 were discovered for the period from 2001 to 2012. The results indicate a puzzling connection between the air pollution in Salem and the profitability of the motorcycle manufacturing industry throughout the United States. This suggests that the air quality in this charming city may have surprising financial repercussions for motorcycle enthusiasts nationwide. The findings of this study serve as a cautionary tale for policymakers, industry leaders, and residents of Salem, Oregon, as they rev up efforts to address air pollution and ensure a breath of fresh air for both public health and economic prosperity.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Salem, Oregon and US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry, utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista. Through rigorous analysis, a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 were discovered for the period from 2001 to 2012. The results indicate a puzzling connection between the air pollution in Salem and the profitability of the motorcycle manufacturing industry throughout the United States. This suggests that the air quality in this charming city may have surprising financial repercussions for motorcycle enthusiasts nationwide. The findings of this study serve as a cautionary tale for policymakers, industry leaders, and residents of Salem, Oregon, as they rev up efforts to address air pollution and ensure a breath of fresh air for both public health and economic prosperity.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
INTRODUCTION

Despite its reputation as a tranquil haven nestled within the picturesque Willamette Valley, Salem, Oregon, has found itself at the center of a surprising revelation that may just "rev up" curiosity among researchers, policymakers, and motorcycle aficionados alike. The relationship between air pollution in Salem and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry has turned out to be as intriguing as a city sleuth investigating a mysterious case.

The common narrative of air pollution typically focuses on its detrimental effects on public health and the environment, and rightly so. However, as we delve into this study, a rather unexpected twist unravels - the financial impact of air pollution on an industry that one wouldn't immediately associate with the quality of the surrounding air: the motorcycle manufacturing industry. While one might be quick to dismiss the notion that the air in Salem could affect the bottom line of motorcycle manufacturers across the nation, the empirical evidence suggests otherwise.

Our investigation not only examines the well-being of the environment but also calls attention to the economic reverberations of air pollution in Salem. Upon scrutinizing data meticulously sourced from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, a robust correlation emerged, with a colossal correlation coefficient of 0.7467266. This statistical nugget extracted from the data serves as a beacon, guiding us through the fog of speculation toward a clearer understanding of the curious intersection between air quality in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue nationwide.

This unexpected and whimsical connection has transformed the traditionally overlooked realm of air pollutants and industrial revenue into a captivating enigma. As we peel back the layers of this unanticipated relationship, our findings could not only provide valuable insights for policymakers but also spark a newfound appreciation for the intricate dance between seemingly disparate variables.



Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Salem, Oregon and US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry, utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista. Through rigorous analysis, a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 were discovered for the period from 2001 to 2012. The results indicate a puzzling connection between the air pollution in Salem and the profitability of the motorcycle manufacturing industry throughout the United States. This suggests that the air quality in this charming city may have surprising financial repercussions for motorcycle enthusiasts nationwide. The findings of this study serve as a cautionary tale for policymakers, industry leaders, and residents of Salem, Oregon, as they rev up efforts to address air pollution and ensure a breath of fresh air for both public health and economic prosperity.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Despite its reputation as a tranquil haven nestled within the picturesque Willamette Valley, Salem, Oregon, has found itself at the center of a surprising revelation that may just "rev up" curiosity among researchers, policymakers, and motorcycle aficionados alike. The relationship between air pollution in Salem and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry has turned out to be as intriguing as a city sleuth investigating a mysterious case.
The common narrative of air pollution typically focuses on its detrimental effects on public health and the environment, and rightly so. However, as we delve into this study, a rather unexpected twist unravels - the financial impact of air pollution on an industry that one wouldn't immediately associate with the quality of the surrounding air: the motorcycle manufacturing industry. While one might be quick to dismiss the notion that the air in Salem could affect the bottom line of motorcycle manufacturers across the nation, the empirical evidence suggests otherwise.
Our investigation not only examines the well-being of the environment but also calls attention to the economic reverberations of air pollution in Salem. Upon scrutinizing data meticulously sourced from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, a robust correlation emerged, with a colossal correlation coefficient of 0.7467266. This statistical nugget extracted from the data serves as a beacon, guiding us through the fog of speculation toward a clearer understanding of the curious intersection between air quality in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue nationwide.
This unexpected and whimsical connection has transformed the traditionally overlooked realm of air pollutants and industrial revenue into a captivating enigma. As we peel back the layers of this unanticipated relationship, our findings could not only provide valuable insights for policymakers but also spark a newfound appreciation for the intricate dance between seemingly disparate variables.


-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In their seminal work, "The Impact of Air Pollution on Industrial Sectors," Smith and Doe delve into the conventional wisdom surrounding air pollution's effects on various industries. They meticulously analyze the tangible impacts on sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, and construction, painting a sobering picture of environmental degradation's economic repercussions. Similarly, Jones et al. explore the multifaceted ramifications of air pollution in their comprehensive study, "Economic Externalities of Air Pollution," shedding light on the far-reaching consequences for businesses in polluted urban areas.

Expanding beyond traditional academic literature, books like "The Motorcycle Diaries" and "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" offer narratives that provoke contemplation on the intersection of air quality and the motorcycle industry, albeit in a more philosophical and introspective manner. These literary contributions, while not explicitly scientific in nature, provide a unique lens through which to ponder the unexpected correlations at play.

On a more whimsical note, the internet meme "Distracted Boyfriend" has garnered attention in the motorcycle community, with enthusiasts humorously relating the concept of being lured away by a new motorcycle to the unforeseen allure of Salem's air pollution on industry revenue. While not a scholarly source, this meme provides an amusing depiction of the intrigue surrounding the unorthodox relationship under investigation.

Overall, the existing literature offers valuable insights into the complexities of air pollution's influence on industrial sectors, with a surprising convergence on the unconventional dynamics between Salem's air quality and the US motorcycle manufacturing industry.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Salem, Oregon and US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Statista . You used data from 2001 to 2012

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry, utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista. Through rigorous analysis, a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 were discovered for the period from 2001 to 2012. The results indicate a puzzling connection between the air pollution in Salem and the profitability of the motorcycle manufacturing industry throughout the United States. This suggests that the air quality in this charming city may have surprising financial repercussions for motorcycle enthusiasts nationwide. The findings of this study serve as a cautionary tale for policymakers, industry leaders, and residents of Salem, Oregon, as they rev up efforts to address air pollution and ensure a breath of fresh air for both public health and economic prosperity.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Despite its reputation as a tranquil haven nestled within the picturesque Willamette Valley, Salem, Oregon, has found itself at the center of a surprising revelation that may just "rev up" curiosity among researchers, policymakers, and motorcycle aficionados alike. The relationship between air pollution in Salem and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry has turned out to be as intriguing as a city sleuth investigating a mysterious case.
The common narrative of air pollution typically focuses on its detrimental effects on public health and the environment, and rightly so. However, as we delve into this study, a rather unexpected twist unravels - the financial impact of air pollution on an industry that one wouldn't immediately associate with the quality of the surrounding air: the motorcycle manufacturing industry. While one might be quick to dismiss the notion that the air in Salem could affect the bottom line of motorcycle manufacturers across the nation, the empirical evidence suggests otherwise.
Our investigation not only examines the well-being of the environment but also calls attention to the economic reverberations of air pollution in Salem. Upon scrutinizing data meticulously sourced from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, a robust correlation emerged, with a colossal correlation coefficient of 0.7467266. This statistical nugget extracted from the data serves as a beacon, guiding us through the fog of speculation toward a clearer understanding of the curious intersection between air quality in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue nationwide.
This unexpected and whimsical connection has transformed the traditionally overlooked realm of air pollutants and industrial revenue into a captivating enigma. As we peel back the layers of this unanticipated relationship, our findings could not only provide valuable insights for policymakers but also spark a newfound appreciation for the intricate dance between seemingly disparate variables.


-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection:
Data for this study were gleaned from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Statista, ensuring a robust and comprehensive overview of air quality in Salem, Oregon, and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry from 2001 to 2012. The researchers ventured into the virtual wilderness of the internet, carefully traversing through a labyrinth of websites in search of this elusive and peculiar data. With the precision of seasoned treasure hunters, the team uncovered the necessary datasets, meticulously recording the digital footprints of air pollution and motorcycle manufacturing revenue.

Air Pollution Measurement:
The concentration of air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), was recorded with the tenacity of a detective solving a perplexing case. These pollutants were measured at various monitoring stations in Salem, Oregon, capturing the intricate dance of gases and particles suspended in the air. The researchers employed state-of-the-art monitoring equipment, transforming the measurement of air quality into a captivating ballet of scientific instrumentation.

Motorcycle Manufacturing Revenue:
The revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry was obtained from financial reports, market analyses, and industrial databases, carefully sifting through the financial landscape with the purposefulness of a meticulous bean counter. The revenue figures were methodically organized and cross-referenced, unveiling the economic tapestry of the motorcycle manufacturing industry with the precision of a skilled artisan unraveling a captivating mosaic.

Data Analysis:
The collected data were subjected to rigorous statistical analysis, employing sophisticated analytical tools and methodologies. The researchers meticulously combed through the data, teasing out correlations and patterns with the finesse of a connoisseur savoring the nuances of a fine wine. The structured and systematic analytical approach provided a robust foundation for uncovering the intriguing relationship between air pollution in Salem and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry.

Statistical Techniques:
A comprehensive array of statistical techniques, including regression analysis, correlation analysis, and time series analysis, was employed to scrutinize the data with the precision of a watchmaker meticulously assembling the intricate components of a timepiece. The researchers harnessed the power of statistical models, transforming raw data into meaningful insights that shed light on the unexpected connection between air pollution in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue across the United States.

Data Validation:
The validity of the findings was rigorously examined through sensitivity analysis and robustness checks, ensuring the reliability and integrity of the obtained results. The researchers meticulously scrutinized the data with the discerning gaze of a seasoned investigator, casting a critical eye on every statistical inference and analytical output to safeguard the credibility of the study's conclusions.

Limitations:
It is important to acknowledge the limitations of this study, as no research endeavor is without its constraints. The researchers navigated through the labyrinth of data with the resilience of adventurers braving uncharted territories, yet the limitations inherent in the availability and scope of the data may have introduced a degree of uncertainty into the findings. Additionally, the complex interplay of variables and external factors may have imparted a level of intricacy that extends beyond the confines of this study.

In summary, the methodology employed in this study reflects a dedicated and meticulous approach to unraveling the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. The combination of rigorous data collection, comprehensive analysis, and statistical scrutiny has laid the groundwork for illuminating the curious intersection between air quality and industrial revenue, offering a glimpse into the intriguing interplay of seemingly disparate variables.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Salem, Oregon and US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Statista .

For the time period 2001 to 2012, you found a correlation 0.7467266, r-squared of 0.5576007, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry, utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista. Through rigorous analysis, a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 were discovered for the period from 2001 to 2012. The results indicate a puzzling connection between the air pollution in Salem and the profitability of the motorcycle manufacturing industry throughout the United States. This suggests that the air quality in this charming city may have surprising financial repercussions for motorcycle enthusiasts nationwide. The findings of this study serve as a cautionary tale for policymakers, industry leaders, and residents of Salem, Oregon, as they rev up efforts to address air pollution and ensure a breath of fresh air for both public health and economic prosperity.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
INTRODUCTION
Despite its reputation as a tranquil haven nestled within the picturesque Willamette Valley, Salem, Oregon, has found itself at the center of a surprising revelation that may just "rev up" curiosity among researchers, policymakers, and motorcycle aficionados alike. The relationship between air pollution in Salem and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry has turned out to be as intriguing as a city sleuth investigating a mysterious case.
The common narrative of air pollution typically focuses on its detrimental effects on public health and the environment, and rightly so. However, as we delve into this study, a rather unexpected twist unravels - the financial impact of air pollution on an industry that one wouldn't immediately associate with the quality of the surrounding air: the motorcycle manufacturing industry. While one might be quick to dismiss the notion that the air in Salem could affect the bottom line of motorcycle manufacturers across the nation, the empirical evidence suggests otherwise.
Our investigation not only examines the well-being of the environment but also calls attention to the economic reverberations of air pollution in Salem. Upon scrutinizing data meticulously sourced from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, a robust correlation emerged, with a colossal correlation coefficient of 0.7467266. This statistical nugget extracted from the data serves as a beacon, guiding us through the fog of speculation toward a clearer understanding of the curious intersection between air quality in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue nationwide.
This unexpected and whimsical connection has transformed the traditionally overlooked realm of air pollutants and industrial revenue into a captivating enigma. As we peel back the layers of this unanticipated relationship, our findings could not only provide valuable insights for policymakers but also spark a newfound appreciation for the intricate dance between seemingly disparate variables.


-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The data analysis revealed a noteworthy correlation coefficient of 0.7467266, indicating a strong positive relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. This unexpected connection had us feeling as baffled as a researcher stumbling upon a hidden treasure trove in the dusty archives of academia.

The r-squared value of 0.5576007 further emphasized the robustness of the relationship, leaving us more convinced than a statistician with a perfect bell curve. The p-value being less than 0.01 provided statistical support for the significance of this association, rendering the link between air pollution in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue more concrete than a freshly paved road.

Remarkably, Fig. 1 depicts a scatterplot that unmistakably showcases the strong correlation between air pollution in Salem and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. The scatterplot is so clear and compelling that even a casual observer would be convinced of the surprising relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables, leaving them as startled as a scientist discovering a new species in their own backyard.

In conclusion, our findings illuminate an unanticipated and quirky bond between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the profitability of the nation's motorcycle manufacturing industry. The implications of this discovery are as far-reaching and unexpected as finding a motorcycle in a junkyard - a true marvel in the realm of environmental and economic research.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Salem, Oregon and US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry, utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista. Through rigorous analysis, a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 were discovered for the period from 2001 to 2012. The results indicate a puzzling connection between the air pollution in Salem and the profitability of the motorcycle manufacturing industry throughout the United States. This suggests that the air quality in this charming city may have surprising financial repercussions for motorcycle enthusiasts nationwide. The findings of this study serve as a cautionary tale for policymakers, industry leaders, and residents of Salem, Oregon, as they rev up efforts to address air pollution and ensure a breath of fresh air for both public health and economic prosperity.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In their seminal work, "The Impact of Air Pollution on Industrial Sectors," Smith and Doe delve into the conventional wisdom surrounding air pollution's effects on various industries. They meticulously analyze the tangible impacts on sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, and construction, painting a sobering picture of environmental degradation's economic repercussions. Similarly, Jones et al. explore the multifaceted ramifications of air pollution in their comprehensive study, "Economic Externalities of Air Pollution," shedding light on the far-reaching consequences for businesses in polluted urban areas.
Expanding beyond traditional academic literature, books like "The Motorcycle Diaries" and "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" offer narratives that provoke contemplation on the intersection of air quality and the motorcycle industry, albeit in a more philosophical and introspective manner. These literary contributions, while not explicitly scientific in nature, provide a unique lens through which to ponder the unexpected correlations at play.
On a more whimsical note, the internet meme "Distracted Boyfriend" has garnered attention in the motorcycle community, with enthusiasts humorously relating the concept of being lured away by a new motorcycle to the unforeseen allure of Salem's air pollution on industry revenue. While not a scholarly source, this meme provides an amusing depiction of the intrigue surrounding the unorthodox relationship under investigation.
Overall, the existing literature offers valuable insights into the complexities of air pollution's influence on industrial sectors, with a surprising convergence on the unconventional dynamics between Salem's air quality and the US motorcycle manufacturing industry.

[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a noteworthy correlation coefficient of 0.7467266, indicating a strong positive relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. This unexpected connection had us feeling as baffled as a researcher stumbling upon a hidden treasure trove in the dusty archives of academia.
The r-squared value of 0.5576007 further emphasized the robustness of the relationship, leaving us more convinced than a statistician with a perfect bell curve. The p-value being less than 0.01 provided statistical support for the significance of this association, rendering the link between air pollution in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue more concrete than a freshly paved road.
Remarkably, Fig. 1 depicts a scatterplot that unmistakably showcases the strong correlation between air pollution in Salem and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. The scatterplot is so clear and compelling that even a casual observer would be convinced of the surprising relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables, leaving them as startled as a scientist discovering a new species in their own backyard.
In conclusion, our findings illuminate an unanticipated and quirky bond between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the profitability of the nation's motorcycle manufacturing industry. The implications of this discovery are as far-reaching and unexpected as finding a motorcycle in a junkyard - a true marvel in the realm of environmental and economic research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of this study illuminate an unexpectedly tight embrace between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry, a correlation as unlikely as a lab coat and tie-dye. These intriguing findings bolster the scholarly insights unearthed in the literature review, reminding us that in the world of research, truth is often stranger than fiction.

The conventional wisdom from Smith and Doe, alongside the comprehensive analysis of Jones et al., provided a solid foundation for our investigation and highlighted the unforeseen financial ramifications of air pollution on various industries. Furthermore, the enlightening influence of books such as "The Motorcycle Diaries" and "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" was not lost on us, demonstrating that the nexus of air quality and the motorcycle industry has long sparked contemplation and contemplative rides through philosophical landscapes.

The whimsical internet meme "Distracted Boyfriend," while not a scholarly source, playfully mirrors the bewitching allure of Salem's air pollution on industry revenue, mirroring our own surprise at the magnetic connection we uncovered. This unlikely convergence of pop culture and academic inquiry serves as a reminder that our quest for knowledge may unexpectedly intersect with the quirks of everyday life - much like the fortuitous discovery of a rare species in one's own backyard.

The robust correlation coefficient and statistically significant p-value in our results offer empirical support for this captivating relationship, leaving us as astonished as a physicist stumbling upon a lively quark. The scatterplot, with its vivid portrayal of the bond between air pollution in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue, is as convincing as a magician revealing a meticulously concealed trick.

In essence, our research spotlights the unorthodox interplay of air quality and economic success, quelling any lingering doubts with the certainty of a controlled experiment. The implications of this study resonate more deeply than the hum of a finely-tuned motorcycle engine, reminding us that in the world of research, as in the world of motorcycle maintenance, unexpected connections may hold the key to novel discoveries.

Our findings nudge policymakers, industry leaders, and residents of Salem, Oregon to steer efforts towards addressing air pollution to ensure not only a breath of fresh air for public health but also to sustain the financial wheels of the motorcycle manufacturing industry across the United States. After all, it's clear that the air in Salem may hold the key to revving up both economic prosperity and environmental well-being.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Salem, Oregon and US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry, utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista. Through rigorous analysis, a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 were discovered for the period from 2001 to 2012. The results indicate a puzzling connection between the air pollution in Salem and the profitability of the motorcycle manufacturing industry throughout the United States. This suggests that the air quality in this charming city may have surprising financial repercussions for motorcycle enthusiasts nationwide. The findings of this study serve as a cautionary tale for policymakers, industry leaders, and residents of Salem, Oregon, as they rev up efforts to address air pollution and ensure a breath of fresh air for both public health and economic prosperity.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Despite its reputation as a tranquil haven nestled within the picturesque Willamette Valley, Salem, Oregon, has found itself at the center of a surprising revelation that may just "rev up" curiosity among researchers, policymakers, and motorcycle aficionados alike. The relationship between air pollution in Salem and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry has turned out to be as intriguing as a city sleuth investigating a mysterious case.
The common narrative of air pollution typically focuses on its detrimental effects on public health and the environment, and rightly so. However, as we delve into this study, a rather unexpected twist unravels - the financial impact of air pollution on an industry that one wouldn't immediately associate with the quality of the surrounding air: the motorcycle manufacturing industry. While one might be quick to dismiss the notion that the air in Salem could affect the bottom line of motorcycle manufacturers across the nation, the empirical evidence suggests otherwise.
Our investigation not only examines the well-being of the environment but also calls attention to the economic reverberations of air pollution in Salem. Upon scrutinizing data meticulously sourced from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, a robust correlation emerged, with a colossal correlation coefficient of 0.7467266. This statistical nugget extracted from the data serves as a beacon, guiding us through the fog of speculation toward a clearer understanding of the curious intersection between air quality in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue nationwide.
This unexpected and whimsical connection has transformed the traditionally overlooked realm of air pollutants and industrial revenue into a captivating enigma. As we peel back the layers of this unanticipated relationship, our findings could not only provide valuable insights for policymakers but also spark a newfound appreciation for the intricate dance between seemingly disparate variables.


[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a noteworthy correlation coefficient of 0.7467266, indicating a strong positive relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. This unexpected connection had us feeling as baffled as a researcher stumbling upon a hidden treasure trove in the dusty archives of academia.
The r-squared value of 0.5576007 further emphasized the robustness of the relationship, leaving us more convinced than a statistician with a perfect bell curve. The p-value being less than 0.01 provided statistical support for the significance of this association, rendering the link between air pollution in Salem and motorcycle manufacturing revenue more concrete than a freshly paved road.
Remarkably, Fig. 1 depicts a scatterplot that unmistakably showcases the strong correlation between air pollution in Salem and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. The scatterplot is so clear and compelling that even a casual observer would be convinced of the surprising relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables, leaving them as startled as a scientist discovering a new species in their own backyard.
In conclusion, our findings illuminate an unanticipated and quirky bond between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the profitability of the nation's motorcycle manufacturing industry. The implications of this discovery are as far-reaching and unexpected as finding a motorcycle in a junkyard - a true marvel in the realm of environmental and economic research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, the findings of this study have unraveled a truly unexpected and, dare I say, exhaust-ing relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry. Who would've thought that the air in this charming city could have such a wheely big impact on the nation's motorcycle moolah? The implications of this surprising connection are as wide-reaching as a motorcycle on an open highway!

The robust correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and r-squared value of 0.5576007 have left us more staggered than a unicyclist in a high wind. The statistical significance, with a p-value of less than 0.01, cements this connection as firmly as a bike's kickstand in well-packed dirt.

Our scatterplot, depicted in Fig. 1, lays out the evidence as clearly as a freshly painted road, leaving even the most skeptical observer as dumbfounded as a lab rat facing a particularly challenging maze.

This serendipitous discovery sheds light on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated variables and serves as a cautionary tale for policymakers and residents of Salem, Oregon. It also revs up enthusiasm for further quirky explorations at the intersection of environmental and economic research.

In light of these findings, further research in this area is as unnecessary as a sidecar on a unicycle - we've already paved the way for understanding this zany relationship, and it's time to shift gears to new frontiers.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Environmental Economics and Industrial Ecology


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Ecological and Industrial Research (SEIR)


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Revving Up Revenue: The Hazards of Air Pollution on the Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry in Salem, Oregon with an abstract of This study investigates the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Salem, Oregon and the revenue of the US motorcycle manufacturing industry, utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista. Through rigorous analysis, a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.7467266 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 were discovered for the period from 2001 to 2012. The results indicate a puzzling connection between the air pollution in Salem and the profitability of the motorcycle manufacturing industry throughout the United States. This suggests that the air quality in this charming city may have surprising financial repercussions for motorcycle enthusiasts nationwide. The findings of this study serve as a cautionary tale for policymakers, industry leaders, and residents of Salem, Oregon, as they rev up efforts to address air pollution and ensure a breath of fresh air for both public health and economic prosperity.

ChatGPT:

air pollution, motorcycle manufacturing industry, Salem Oregon, revenue, environmental impact, correlation coefficient, p-value, Environmental Protection Agency, Statista, economic impact, public health, industry leaders, policymakers

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Air pollution in Salem, Oregon
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with air quality at 'unhealthy for sensitive groups' or worse in Salem, OR
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Salem, Oregon

US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue
Source: Statista
See what else correlates with US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue

Correlation r = 0.7467266 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.5576007 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 55.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Salem, Oregon) over the 12 years from 2001 through 2012.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.0053. 0.0052663748730407915000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.75 in 0.53% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 190 random variables Which I absolutely did.
with the same 11 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 11 because we have two variables measured over a period of 12 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.3, 0.92 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012
Air pollution in Salem, Oregon (Bad air quality days)0.2985080.8875741.834860.5464481.917811.928371.643840.5617980.2770080.27397300
US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue (US Dollars)590160000059484000005946900000629340000065785000007027400000677900000066372000004136100000420480000042800000004419100000




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
    Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.298508,0.887574,1.83486,0.546448,1.91781,1.92837,1.64384,0.561798,0.277008,0.273973,0,0,])
array_2 = np.array([5901600000,5948400000,5946900000,6293400000,6578500000,7027400000,6779000000,6637200000,4136100000,4204800000,4280000000,4419100000,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Salem, Oregon"
array_2_name = "US Motorcycle Manufacturing Industry Revenue"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 2117 · Black Variable ID: 21186 · Red Variable ID: 473
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