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Spurious correlation #2,644 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of Breweries in the United States and the second variable is Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM).  The chart goes from 2002 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the number of breweries in the United States increases, the demand for delicious craft beer soars. This leads to a nationwide shortage of quality hops, a key ingredient in beer production. Desperate to keep up with the hop demand, farmers switch to using advanced semiconductor technology, creating a surge in orders for cutting-edge equipment from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company. As TSM hustles to fulfill these unexpected chip orders for the hop-crazed farmers, their stock price hops up like a freshly poured pint of bubbly ale. Cheers to the unforeseen connections in the frothy world of stocks and brews!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a dynamic, futuristic street scene in the United States. On one side, depict a row of modern and vibrant breweries teeming with beer enthusiasts enjoying pints amidst a lively ambiance. In the background, showcase a colossal, high-tech factory working feverishly to produce semiconductor chips, with the bustling activity reflecting the heightened demand from the breweries. Additionally, illustrate the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM) dramatically rising, encapsulating the investment fervor in the market. The imagery should capture the intersection of traditional beer culture and cutting-edge technology, evoking a sense of futuristic innovation and economic dynamism. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of Breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: a meme Photorealism Glitch art a meme Futuristic
ChatGPT: Futuristic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of Breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM), in the following situation: As the number of breweries in the United States hops up, there's a corresponding rise in the demand for beer. This leads to a surge in the production of electronic devices, creating a chip shortage. As TSMC struggles to meet the thirst for more semiconductor chips to power beer refrigeration systems, investors pour their money into the company, driving up the stock price. It's a fermenting cycle of supply, demand, and hoppy investors brewing up a frothy market for TSMC.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: Picture a bustling street in the United States with a row of vibrant breweries on one side. Beer lovers are seen enjoying pints and the atmosphere. At the same time, we see a large factory in the background working frantically to produce more semiconductor chips due to the increased demand from the breweries. As the demand for chips rises, the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM) soars upward, reflecting the investment frenzy in the market.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Futuristic ] and depicting this scene: Picture a bustling street in the United States with a row of vibrant breweries on one side. Beer lovers are seen enjoying pints and the atmosphere. At the same time, we see a large factory in the background working frantically to produce more semiconductor chips due to the increased demand from the breweries. As the demand for chips rises, the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM) soars upward, reflecting the investment frenzy in the market. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a dynamic, futuristic street scene in the United States. On one side, depict a row of modern and vibrant breweries teeming with beer enthusiasts enjoying pints amidst a lively ambiance. In the background, showcase a colossal, high-tech factory working feverishly to produce semiconductor chips, with the bustling activity reflecting the heightened demand from the breweries. Additionally, illustrate the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM) dramatically rising, encapsulating the investment fervor in the market. The imagery should capture the intersection of traditional beer culture and cutting-edge technology, evoking a sense of futuristic innovation and economic dynamism.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The number of Breweries in the United States caused Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM) to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price

The Journal of Brewonomics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8426337 and p < 0.01 for 2002 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price

In this research paper, we conduct a hoppy analysis examining the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to explore whether a correlation exists between these seemingly unrelated factors. To our delight, we discovered a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022.

This discovery may leave some scratching their heads, but it appears that the success of TSM's stock price is, in fact, somewhat correlated with the multitude of craft breweries scattered across the United States. It seems that when it comes to TSM's stock price, the more breweries, the merrier! This unexpected finding highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries and adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics. Our research provides a hop-portunity for further exploration into the curious relationships between beer and stock prices, shedding light on the brew-tiful world of market interconnections.

Overall, our findings suggest that while TSM's stock price may be influenced by a variety of factors, the number of breweries in the U.S. appears to be a pint-eresting contributor to its performance. Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price

In this research paper, we conduct a hoppy analysis examining the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to explore whether a correlation exists between these seemingly unrelated factors. To our delight, we discovered a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022.

This discovery may leave some scratching their heads, but it appears that the success of TSM's stock price is, in fact, somewhat correlated with the multitude of craft breweries scattered across the United States. It seems that when it comes to TSM's stock price, the more breweries, the merrier! This unexpected finding highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries and adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics. Our research provides a hop-portunity for further exploration into the curious relationships between beer and stock prices, shedding light on the brew-tiful world of market interconnections.

Overall, our findings suggest that while TSM's stock price may be influenced by a variety of factors, the number of breweries in the U.S. appears to be a pint-eresting contributor to its performance. Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Grab a cold one and sit back because we're about to dive into the frothy world of market analysis. In this paper, we will explore the unexpected and brew-tiful connection between the proliferation of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). As the saying goes, "In hops we trust," and we are about to hop into some statistically significant findings that may leave you brewing with excitement.

It's no secret that stock prices can be as volatile as an improperly sealed bottle of home-brewed IPA. But who would have thought that the number of breweries in the U.S. could have an impact on the stock price of a semiconductor giant halfway across the globe? It seems that TSM's stock price is as unpredictable as a flight of craft beer samples!

With the rise of craft breweries in the U.S., one might expect the correlation to be as weak as a watered-down lager, but our analysis yielded a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, suggesting that there is indeed something brew-tifully significant at play. It's almost as if the stock market is saying, "Hoppy days are here again!"

Now, you may ask yourself, "What's the connection between hops and chips?" Well, hold on to your beer mugs because this study is about to pour some light on the seemingly disparate relationship between the world of brewing and the world of semiconductors.

In the spirit of continuing our hoppy journey of discovery, let's unpack the interconnectedness and pint-eresting nuances of market dynamics. Our findings may leave you feeling hop-timistic about the potential for further exploration into the curious relationships between traditionally unrelated industries. After all, who knew that a stout market analysis could be this fun? Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price

In this research paper, we conduct a hoppy analysis examining the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to explore whether a correlation exists between these seemingly unrelated factors. To our delight, we discovered a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022.

This discovery may leave some scratching their heads, but it appears that the success of TSM's stock price is, in fact, somewhat correlated with the multitude of craft breweries scattered across the United States. It seems that when it comes to TSM's stock price, the more breweries, the merrier! This unexpected finding highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries and adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics. Our research provides a hop-portunity for further exploration into the curious relationships between beer and stock prices, shedding light on the brew-tiful world of market interconnections.

Overall, our findings suggest that while TSM's stock price may be influenced by a variety of factors, the number of breweries in the U.S. appears to be a pint-eresting contributor to its performance. Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Grab a cold one and sit back because we're about to dive into the frothy world of market analysis. In this paper, we will explore the unexpected and brew-tiful connection between the proliferation of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). As the saying goes, "In hops we trust," and we are about to hop into some statistically significant findings that may leave you brewing with excitement.
It's no secret that stock prices can be as volatile as an improperly sealed bottle of home-brewed IPA. But who would have thought that the number of breweries in the U.S. could have an impact on the stock price of a semiconductor giant halfway across the globe? It seems that TSM's stock price is as unpredictable as a flight of craft beer samples!
With the rise of craft breweries in the U.S., one might expect the correlation to be as weak as a watered-down lager, but our analysis yielded a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, suggesting that there is indeed something brew-tifully significant at play. It's almost as if the stock market is saying, "Hoppy days are here again!"
Now, you may ask yourself, "What's the connection between hops and chips?" Well, hold on to your beer mugs because this study is about to pour some light on the seemingly disparate relationship between the world of brewing and the world of semiconductors.
In the spirit of continuing our hoppy journey of discovery, let's unpack the interconnectedness and pint-eresting nuances of market dynamics. Our findings may leave you feeling hop-timistic about the potential for further exploration into the curious relationships between traditionally unrelated industries. After all, who knew that a stout market analysis could be this fun? Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The connection between seemingly unrelated phenomena has intrigued researchers for decades. In "Smith et al." and "Doe, Jones, and Brown," the authors explore the interplay between industries that, at first glance, appear to have little in common. These serious studies have laid the groundwork for our own deep dive into the unexpected relationship between the number of breweries in the U.S. and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM).

Now, let's raise a glass to some relevant literature. In books like "Brewing Up a Business" by Sam Calagione and "Tasting Beer" by Randy Mosher, the authors discuss the craft beer industry and its impact on the American market. These books provide a robust foundation for understanding the cultural and economic implications of the brewing industry, which sets the stage for our frothy analysis.

But wait, there's more! As we delve deeper into the literature, let's not overlook the fictional realm. In "The Brewmaster's Table" by Garrett Oliver and "The Beer Bible" by Jeff Alworth, the authors offer a colorful and flavorful exploration of the world of beer, delving into its history, varieties, and cultural significance. While these books may not provide empirical data, they certainly offer a refreshing perspective on the art and science of brewing.

As we frolic through the world of literature, let's not forget the childhood classics that have shaped our understanding of camaraderie and unexpected connections. Drawing inspiration from shows like "SpongeBob SquarePants" and "Scooby-Doo," we're reminded that unexpected partnerships can lead to great adventures. Just like SpongeBob and Patrick, or Scooby and Shaggy, the relationship between U.S. breweries and TSM's stock price may seem unlikely at first, but as we'll see, it's a match made in hoppy heaven.

In "The Simpsons" and "Bob's Burgers," we witness the power of humor and wit in conveying complex ideas. Similarly, the unexpected correlation we've uncovered may have some scratching their heads, but it's no laughing matter – except when we throw in a dad joke or two. As we navigate through the literature and pop culture references, we aim to infuse our research with a dash of levity, because as any good brewer knows, the best concoctions balance seriousness with a touch of lightheartedness. So, without further ado, let's hop on to the next section and pour over our findings with a sense of hop-timism and cheer!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price

In this research paper, we conduct a hoppy analysis examining the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to explore whether a correlation exists between these seemingly unrelated factors. To our delight, we discovered a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022.

This discovery may leave some scratching their heads, but it appears that the success of TSM's stock price is, in fact, somewhat correlated with the multitude of craft breweries scattered across the United States. It seems that when it comes to TSM's stock price, the more breweries, the merrier! This unexpected finding highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries and adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics. Our research provides a hop-portunity for further exploration into the curious relationships between beer and stock prices, shedding light on the brew-tiful world of market interconnections.

Overall, our findings suggest that while TSM's stock price may be influenced by a variety of factors, the number of breweries in the U.S. appears to be a pint-eresting contributor to its performance. Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Grab a cold one and sit back because we're about to dive into the frothy world of market analysis. In this paper, we will explore the unexpected and brew-tiful connection between the proliferation of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). As the saying goes, "In hops we trust," and we are about to hop into some statistically significant findings that may leave you brewing with excitement.
It's no secret that stock prices can be as volatile as an improperly sealed bottle of home-brewed IPA. But who would have thought that the number of breweries in the U.S. could have an impact on the stock price of a semiconductor giant halfway across the globe? It seems that TSM's stock price is as unpredictable as a flight of craft beer samples!
With the rise of craft breweries in the U.S., one might expect the correlation to be as weak as a watered-down lager, but our analysis yielded a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, suggesting that there is indeed something brew-tifully significant at play. It's almost as if the stock market is saying, "Hoppy days are here again!"
Now, you may ask yourself, "What's the connection between hops and chips?" Well, hold on to your beer mugs because this study is about to pour some light on the seemingly disparate relationship between the world of brewing and the world of semiconductors.
In the spirit of continuing our hoppy journey of discovery, let's unpack the interconnectedness and pint-eresting nuances of market dynamics. Our findings may leave you feeling hop-timistic about the potential for further exploration into the curious relationships between traditionally unrelated industries. After all, who knew that a stout market analysis could be this fun? Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To uncork the frothy connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM), our research team employed an approach that blended the rigors of quantitative analysis with the subtle aromas of market nuances. Our data collection involved a brew-tiful brew-ha-ha of methods, including digital sleuthing, statistical sorcery, and a dash of good old-fashioned number crunching.

In the spirit of our brew-tiful endeavor, we cast our net far and wide, gathering data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), with the occasional detour onto beer enthusiast forums for good measure. You could say we were casting a "hop-net" to capture as much relevant data as possible, and boy, did we reel in a variety of statistics.

We then poured over the data from the year 2002 to 2022, meticulously documenting the number of breweries in the U.S. and the corresponding TSM stock prices. We used statistical software to perform a correlation analysis, which was as complex as brewing an artisanal IPA but without the risk of an unexpected explosion. We calculated the correlation coefficient and p-value, allowing us to gauge the strength and significance of the relationship without needing to consult a crystal ball for market predictions.

Through this malt-tifaceted approach, we were able to distill a hop-laden concoction of data that pointed to a statistically significant connection between the proliferation of breweries and the ebbs and flows of TSM's stock price. This unexpected finding left us feeling ale-ated in the best possible way, proving that when it comes to market analysis, the potential for brew-tiful discoveries is always on tap.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2002 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8426337, r-squared of 0.7100315, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price

In this research paper, we conduct a hoppy analysis examining the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to explore whether a correlation exists between these seemingly unrelated factors. To our delight, we discovered a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022.

This discovery may leave some scratching their heads, but it appears that the success of TSM's stock price is, in fact, somewhat correlated with the multitude of craft breweries scattered across the United States. It seems that when it comes to TSM's stock price, the more breweries, the merrier! This unexpected finding highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries and adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics. Our research provides a hop-portunity for further exploration into the curious relationships between beer and stock prices, shedding light on the brew-tiful world of market interconnections.

Overall, our findings suggest that while TSM's stock price may be influenced by a variety of factors, the number of breweries in the U.S. appears to be a pint-eresting contributor to its performance. Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Grab a cold one and sit back because we're about to dive into the frothy world of market analysis. In this paper, we will explore the unexpected and brew-tiful connection between the proliferation of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). As the saying goes, "In hops we trust," and we are about to hop into some statistically significant findings that may leave you brewing with excitement.
It's no secret that stock prices can be as volatile as an improperly sealed bottle of home-brewed IPA. But who would have thought that the number of breweries in the U.S. could have an impact on the stock price of a semiconductor giant halfway across the globe? It seems that TSM's stock price is as unpredictable as a flight of craft beer samples!
With the rise of craft breweries in the U.S., one might expect the correlation to be as weak as a watered-down lager, but our analysis yielded a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, suggesting that there is indeed something brew-tifully significant at play. It's almost as if the stock market is saying, "Hoppy days are here again!"
Now, you may ask yourself, "What's the connection between hops and chips?" Well, hold on to your beer mugs because this study is about to pour some light on the seemingly disparate relationship between the world of brewing and the world of semiconductors.
In the spirit of continuing our hoppy journey of discovery, let's unpack the interconnectedness and pint-eresting nuances of market dynamics. Our findings may leave you feeling hop-timistic about the potential for further exploration into the curious relationships between traditionally unrelated industries. After all, who knew that a stout market analysis could be this fun? Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our analysis revealed a hop-tacular correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's (TSM) stock price. Over the time period of 2002 to 2022, we found a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, indicating a noteworthy relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables. It's safe to say that our findings are ale-arming!

Fig. 1 displays the scatterplot illustrating the striking relationship between the number of breweries in the U.S. and TSM's stock price. The data points on the plot demonstrate a clear upward trend, showcasing the positive association between these factors. This unexpected discovery may have some scratching their heads, but it certainly gives us something to cheers about.

In the wise words of Confucius, "Man who stands on toilet is high on pot," and indeed, it seems that in the world of market analysis, the more breweries, the merrier the stock price for TSM. It's as though the stock market itself is saying, "Hoppy days are here again!" Our findings provide a refreshing twist to the traditional understanding of market influences and offer a pilsner of wisdom for future research endeavors.

The r-squared value of 0.7100315 further reinforces the strength of the relationship between the number of U.S. breweries and TSM's stock price. This remarkable level of explained variation suggests that the proliferation of breweries in the United States contributes significantly to the movements in TSM's stock price. Who knew that hops and chips could form such a dynamic duo in the market landscape?

Our analysis further identified a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, adding a robust statistical foundation to our findings. It's as clear as a crisp lager that the relationship between the number of breweries in the U.S. and TSM's stock price is not just due to chance. This discovery gives new meaning to the phrase "brewing success" in the world of market analysis.

In summary, our findings unveil the brew-tiful connection between the abundance of breweries in the United States and TSM's stock price. This unexpected relationship adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics and highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries. With these findings in hand, we can raise our glasses and toast to the intriguing and pint-eresting insights gleaned from unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time. Cheers to captivating correlations and the hop-portunity for further exploration!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price

In this research paper, we conduct a hoppy analysis examining the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to explore whether a correlation exists between these seemingly unrelated factors. To our delight, we discovered a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022.

This discovery may leave some scratching their heads, but it appears that the success of TSM's stock price is, in fact, somewhat correlated with the multitude of craft breweries scattered across the United States. It seems that when it comes to TSM's stock price, the more breweries, the merrier! This unexpected finding highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries and adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics. Our research provides a hop-portunity for further exploration into the curious relationships between beer and stock prices, shedding light on the brew-tiful world of market interconnections.

Overall, our findings suggest that while TSM's stock price may be influenced by a variety of factors, the number of breweries in the U.S. appears to be a pint-eresting contributor to its performance. Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between seemingly unrelated phenomena has intrigued researchers for decades. In "Smith et al." and "Doe, Jones, and Brown," the authors explore the interplay between industries that, at first glance, appear to have little in common. These serious studies have laid the groundwork for our own deep dive into the unexpected relationship between the number of breweries in the U.S. and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM).
Now, let's raise a glass to some relevant literature. In books like "Brewing Up a Business" by Sam Calagione and "Tasting Beer" by Randy Mosher, the authors discuss the craft beer industry and its impact on the American market. These books provide a robust foundation for understanding the cultural and economic implications of the brewing industry, which sets the stage for our frothy analysis.
But wait, there's more! As we delve deeper into the literature, let's not overlook the fictional realm. In "The Brewmaster's Table" by Garrett Oliver and "The Beer Bible" by Jeff Alworth, the authors offer a colorful and flavorful exploration of the world of beer, delving into its history, varieties, and cultural significance. While these books may not provide empirical data, they certainly offer a refreshing perspective on the art and science of brewing.
As we frolic through the world of literature, let's not forget the childhood classics that have shaped our understanding of camaraderie and unexpected connections. Drawing inspiration from shows like "SpongeBob SquarePants" and "Scooby-Doo," we're reminded that unexpected partnerships can lead to great adventures. Just like SpongeBob and Patrick, or Scooby and Shaggy, the relationship between U.S. breweries and TSM's stock price may seem unlikely at first, but as we'll see, it's a match made in hoppy heaven.
In "The Simpsons" and "Bob's Burgers," we witness the power of humor and wit in conveying complex ideas. Similarly, the unexpected correlation we've uncovered may have some scratching their heads, but it's no laughing matter – except when we throw in a dad joke or two. As we navigate through the literature and pop culture references, we aim to infuse our research with a dash of levity, because as any good brewer knows, the best concoctions balance seriousness with a touch of lightheartedness. So, without further ado, let's hop on to the next section and pour over our findings with a sense of hop-timism and cheer!

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a hop-tacular correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's (TSM) stock price. Over the time period of 2002 to 2022, we found a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, indicating a noteworthy relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables. It's safe to say that our findings are ale-arming!
Fig. 1 displays the scatterplot illustrating the striking relationship between the number of breweries in the U.S. and TSM's stock price. The data points on the plot demonstrate a clear upward trend, showcasing the positive association between these factors. This unexpected discovery may have some scratching their heads, but it certainly gives us something to cheers about.
In the wise words of Confucius, "Man who stands on toilet is high on pot," and indeed, it seems that in the world of market analysis, the more breweries, the merrier the stock price for TSM. It's as though the stock market itself is saying, "Hoppy days are here again!" Our findings provide a refreshing twist to the traditional understanding of market influences and offer a pilsner of wisdom for future research endeavors.
The r-squared value of 0.7100315 further reinforces the strength of the relationship between the number of U.S. breweries and TSM's stock price. This remarkable level of explained variation suggests that the proliferation of breweries in the United States contributes significantly to the movements in TSM's stock price. Who knew that hops and chips could form such a dynamic duo in the market landscape?
Our analysis further identified a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, adding a robust statistical foundation to our findings. It's as clear as a crisp lager that the relationship between the number of breweries in the U.S. and TSM's stock price is not just due to chance. This discovery gives new meaning to the phrase "brewing success" in the world of market analysis.
In summary, our findings unveil the brew-tiful connection between the abundance of breweries in the United States and TSM's stock price. This unexpected relationship adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics and highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries. With these findings in hand, we can raise our glasses and toast to the intriguing and pint-eresting insights gleaned from unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time. Cheers to captivating correlations and the hop-portunity for further exploration!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our findings not only confirm, but add a hop-tastic twist to prior research that has long sought to uncover the unexpected connections between seemingly divergent industries. The strong correlation between the number of breweries in the U.S. and TSM's stock price, as indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, aligns with the findings of "Smith et al." and "Doe, Jones, and Brown," which delved into the intricate relationships within the market. It appears that just as the brewing process involves a blend of distinct ingredients to create a harmonious brew, the market too may be influenced by unexpected and diverse factors. It seems that in the realm of market dynamics, the more, the merrier – just like sharing a few brewskis with friends (and perhaps a dad joke or two to lighten the mood).

Drawing parallels from the literature review, the unexpected relationship we've uncovered further resonates with the principles delineated in "Brewing Up a Business" by Sam Calagione and "Tasting Beer" by Randy Mosher. These foundational texts shed light on the cultural and economic impact of the brewing industry, spotlighting the multi-faceted nature of its influence. Similarly, our research reveals the multi-layered dynamics of market forces and offers a pint-eresting contribution to the ongoing discourse on market interconnectedness. It's as if the market, like a finely crafted ale, is bursting with complex flavors and aromas, with each component playing a vital role in the overall experience.

Moreover, our findings resonate with pop culture references such as "The Simpsons" and "Bob's Burgers," where humor and wit are used as vehicles for conveying complex ideas. Similarly, the unexpected relationship we've unearthed may provoke amusement, but it's a sobering revelation that provides fertile ground for further inquiry. By infusing our research with a dash of levity, we aim to balance the serious nature of the topic with an element of lightheartedness – after all, a robust brew combines serious flavors with a touch of playfulness.

In essence, our research not only confirms but adds a refreshing twist to the existing body of knowledge regarding market dynamics, offering a hop-portunity for future exploration into the curious interplay between beer and stock prices. As we raise our glasses to toast to these captivating correlations, it's evident that the interconnectedness of apparently disparate industries can yield surprising insights. Here's to embracing the unexpected connections in our scholarly pursuits, one brewpub at a time! Cheers to brew-tiful discoveries and the frothy richness they bring to our understanding of market trends!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price

In this research paper, we conduct a hoppy analysis examining the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to explore whether a correlation exists between these seemingly unrelated factors. To our delight, we discovered a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022.

This discovery may leave some scratching their heads, but it appears that the success of TSM's stock price is, in fact, somewhat correlated with the multitude of craft breweries scattered across the United States. It seems that when it comes to TSM's stock price, the more breweries, the merrier! This unexpected finding highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries and adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics. Our research provides a hop-portunity for further exploration into the curious relationships between beer and stock prices, shedding light on the brew-tiful world of market interconnections.

Overall, our findings suggest that while TSM's stock price may be influenced by a variety of factors, the number of breweries in the U.S. appears to be a pint-eresting contributor to its performance. Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Grab a cold one and sit back because we're about to dive into the frothy world of market analysis. In this paper, we will explore the unexpected and brew-tiful connection between the proliferation of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). As the saying goes, "In hops we trust," and we are about to hop into some statistically significant findings that may leave you brewing with excitement.
It's no secret that stock prices can be as volatile as an improperly sealed bottle of home-brewed IPA. But who would have thought that the number of breweries in the U.S. could have an impact on the stock price of a semiconductor giant halfway across the globe? It seems that TSM's stock price is as unpredictable as a flight of craft beer samples!
With the rise of craft breweries in the U.S., one might expect the correlation to be as weak as a watered-down lager, but our analysis yielded a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, suggesting that there is indeed something brew-tifully significant at play. It's almost as if the stock market is saying, "Hoppy days are here again!"
Now, you may ask yourself, "What's the connection between hops and chips?" Well, hold on to your beer mugs because this study is about to pour some light on the seemingly disparate relationship between the world of brewing and the world of semiconductors.
In the spirit of continuing our hoppy journey of discovery, let's unpack the interconnectedness and pint-eresting nuances of market dynamics. Our findings may leave you feeling hop-timistic about the potential for further exploration into the curious relationships between traditionally unrelated industries. After all, who knew that a stout market analysis could be this fun? Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a hop-tacular correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's (TSM) stock price. Over the time period of 2002 to 2022, we found a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, indicating a noteworthy relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables. It's safe to say that our findings are ale-arming!
Fig. 1 displays the scatterplot illustrating the striking relationship between the number of breweries in the U.S. and TSM's stock price. The data points on the plot demonstrate a clear upward trend, showcasing the positive association between these factors. This unexpected discovery may have some scratching their heads, but it certainly gives us something to cheers about.
In the wise words of Confucius, "Man who stands on toilet is high on pot," and indeed, it seems that in the world of market analysis, the more breweries, the merrier the stock price for TSM. It's as though the stock market itself is saying, "Hoppy days are here again!" Our findings provide a refreshing twist to the traditional understanding of market influences and offer a pilsner of wisdom for future research endeavors.
The r-squared value of 0.7100315 further reinforces the strength of the relationship between the number of U.S. breweries and TSM's stock price. This remarkable level of explained variation suggests that the proliferation of breweries in the United States contributes significantly to the movements in TSM's stock price. Who knew that hops and chips could form such a dynamic duo in the market landscape?
Our analysis further identified a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, adding a robust statistical foundation to our findings. It's as clear as a crisp lager that the relationship between the number of breweries in the U.S. and TSM's stock price is not just due to chance. This discovery gives new meaning to the phrase "brewing success" in the world of market analysis.
In summary, our findings unveil the brew-tiful connection between the abundance of breweries in the United States and TSM's stock price. This unexpected relationship adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics and highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries. With these findings in hand, we can raise our glasses and toast to the intriguing and pint-eresting insights gleaned from unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time. Cheers to captivating correlations and the hop-portunity for further exploration!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In closing, our analysis has poured light on the unexpected yet brew-tiful relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). It's as if the market is saying, "Hoppy days are here again!" This inconceivable finding, much like a good IPA, leaves a lingering aftertaste of astonishment and amusement.

Our study has revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.8426337, which suggests that TSM's stock price is positively influenced by the proliferation of breweries in the U.S. It seems that when it comes to market trends, the more breweries, the merrier the stock price. Who knew that a frothy pint could have such an impact on the semiconductor market? Perhaps we should coin the term "brew-namics" for this unexpected connection!

Furthermore, with a hearty chuckle and a pint of statistical significance, our p-value of less than 0.01 adds a robust foundation to our findings. It's clear that this ale-arming relationship is not just due to chance but is something to be taken quite seriously. One might say we've tapped into an unexpectedly significant market influence!

As Confucius once said, "Man who dives for bullion may get a good deal, but only man with a beer is truly worthwhile." Our research suggests that there's a bubbling potential for further exploration into the curiously delightful correlations between the world of brewing and the world of stock prices. However, based on our hop-tastic findings, it seems we've brewed up enough answers for now and no longer need to ferment any more research in this area. With that said, it's time to raise our glasses and toast to the brew-tifully unexpected interconnections in the world of market analysis! Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Brewonomics


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Association for Beverage Market Research and Analysis


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price with an abstract of Pouring Over Data: The Brew-tiful Connection between U.S. Breweries and TSM Stock Price
In this research paper, we conduct a hoppy analysis examining the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM). Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to explore whether a correlation exists between these seemingly unrelated factors. To our delight, we discovered a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8426337 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022.
This discovery may leave some scratching their heads, but it appears that the success of TSM's stock price is, in fact, somewhat correlated with the multitude of craft breweries scattered across the United States. It seems that when it comes to TSM's stock price, the more breweries, the merrier! This unexpected finding highlights the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate industries and adds a frothy richness to our understanding of market dynamics. Our research provides a hop-portunity for further exploration into the curious relationships between beer and stock prices, shedding light on the brew-tiful world of market interconnections.
Overall, our findings suggest that while TSM's stock price may be influenced by a variety of factors, the number of breweries in the U.S. appears to be a pint-eresting contributor to its performance. Cheers to unraveling the complexities of market trends, one brew at a time!

ChatGPT:

U.S. breweries, TSM stock price, correlation, Brewers Association, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, stock market analysis, market dynamics, beer industry, stock price influence, interconnected industries, market trends

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

The number of Breweries in the United States
Detailed data title: Number of Breweries in the United States
Source: Brewers Association
See what else correlates with The number of Breweries in the United States

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSM) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM)

Correlation r = 0.8426337 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.7100315 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 71% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of Breweries in the United States) over the 21 years from 2002 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.6E-6. 0.0000016422548379979775000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.84 in 0.00016% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 608,919 random variables You don't actually need 608 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 20 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 20 because we have two variables measured over a period of 21 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.65, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
The number of Breweries in the United States (Number of breweries)157516291635161217411805189619332131252526703162401448475780676777228557909293849709
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM) (Stock price)11.765.298.377.789.8510.949.747.7311.4912.5613.1117.7617.3922.4522.2429.2540.5136.259.6111.47124.13




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1575,1629,1635,1612,1741,1805,1896,1933,2131,2525,2670,3162,4014,4847,5780,6767,7722,8557,9092,9384,9709,])
array_2 = np.array([11.76,5.29,8.37,7.78,9.85,10.94,9.74,7.73,11.49,12.56,13.11,17.76,17.39,22.45,22.24,29.25,40.51,36.2,59.6,111.47,124.13,])
array_1_name = "The number of Breweries in the United States"
array_2_name = "Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's stock price (TSM)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 2644 · Black Variable ID: 34 · Red Variable ID: 1550
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