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AI explanation
As the number of breweries in the United States increases, so does the demand for delicious craft beers. This leads to a surge in the production of quirky beer-related collectibles and memorabilia. With more unique items being bought and sold, eBay Inc.'s stock price experiences a hoppy and frothy rise. After all, when it comes to making profits, it's all about ale-ing in comparison!Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate a photo-realistic image where a vibrant city street is lined with newly opened breweries, showcasing their stack of colorful and diverse kegs outside their doors. Capture the excitement of the people lined up outside the breweries, eagerly anticipating the chance to sample craft beers. Additionally, include an electronic billboard displaying eBay Inc.'s rising stock price, signaling the surge in demand for kegs. Ensure that the image reflects the bustling and lively energy of the city scene. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of Breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Hyper-realistic a Polaroid photo Brutalism Cutsy art illustration A photo-realistic image
ChatGPT: a photo-realistic image
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of Breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY), in the following situation: Because as the number of breweries in the United States increased, so did the demand for kegs, which eBay Inc. happens to sell a lot of. This led to an increase in eBay's stock price as investors realized the potential for keg-related profits.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling city, a row of new breweries has opened up along the street, each with a stack of kegs outside their doors. People are lined up outside, excited to sample the diverse selection of craft beers. Meanwhile, the stock ticker on a nearby electronic billboard shows eBay Inc.'s stock price steadily rising as investors anticipate the surge in demand for kegs.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ a photo-realistic image ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling city, a row of new breweries has opened up along the street, each with a stack of kegs outside their doors. People are lined up outside, excited to sample the diverse selection of craft beers. Meanwhile, the stock ticker on a nearby electronic billboard shows eBay Inc.'s stock price steadily rising as investors anticipate the surge in demand for kegs. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate a photo-realistic image where a vibrant city street is lined with newly opened breweries, showcasing their stack of colorful and diverse kegs outside their doors. Capture the excitement of the people lined up outside the breweries, eagerly anticipating the chance to sample craft beers. Additionally, include an electronic billboard displaying eBay Inc.'s rising stock price, signaling the surge in demand for kegs. Ensure that the image reflects the bustling and lively energy of the city scene.
*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.
I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The number of Breweries in the United States caused eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY) to increase.\Make it sound serious until the end.
AI academic paper
Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price Journal of Fermentation Economics Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real! |
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Include a pun in the title.
Your research team used data from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 and p < 0.01 for 2002 to 2022.
Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)
[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price
[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY) from 2002 to 2022. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 and determined that the relationship is statistically significant at p < 0.01. Our findings suggest a striking association between the proliferation of breweries and the performance of eBay's stock, hinting at a potential "hopportunity" for investors. This brew-tiful revelation adds a refreshing twist to the typically sober world of stock market analysis and highlights the frothy interconnectedness of industries in seemingly unrelated realms.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price
[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY) from 2002 to 2022. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 and determined that the relationship is statistically significant at p < 0.01. Our findings suggest a striking association between the proliferation of breweries and the performance of eBay's stock, hinting at a potential "hopportunity" for investors. This brew-tiful revelation adds a refreshing twist to the typically sober world of stock market analysis and highlights the frothy interconnectedness of industries in seemingly unrelated realms.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of economics and consumer behavior is a well-traveled and sometimes inebriating terrain. This study delves into the fascinating relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY), offering an unexpected blend of statistical analysis and sudsy observations.
The craft beer industry has witnessed a ferment of growth in recent years, with the number of breweries bubbling up like a frothy head on a freshly poured pint. Simultaneously, eBay Inc.'s stock price has experienced its own ebbs and flows, much like the effervescence of a finely carbonated beverage. While these two phenomena may seem as unrelated as ale and algebra, our research aims to unravel the curious correlation that has emerged.
As we embark on this ale-gorical journey, our investigation involves delving deep into the data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), providing a statistical brew-haha that may surprise even the most seasoned market analysts. This inquiry lies at the confluence of two seemingly disparate realms, offering a pint-sized paradigm of interconnectedness in the world of finance.
The aroma of this research is infused with the promise of uncovering a novel relationship, one that may offer investors a "hopportunity" to tap into a fresh perspective on market dynamics. So, without further ado, let us pour over the findings of this refreshing investigation, and perhaps raise a glass to the surprising correlations that foam to the surface when we blend the bubbles of beer with the buzz of stock prices.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.
Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.
Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price
[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY) from 2002 to 2022. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 and determined that the relationship is statistically significant at p < 0.01. Our findings suggest a striking association between the proliferation of breweries and the performance of eBay's stock, hinting at a potential "hopportunity" for investors. This brew-tiful revelation adds a refreshing twist to the typically sober world of stock market analysis and highlights the frothy interconnectedness of industries in seemingly unrelated realms.
-------
And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of economics and consumer behavior is a well-traveled and sometimes inebriating terrain. This study delves into the fascinating relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY), offering an unexpected blend of statistical analysis and sudsy observations.
The craft beer industry has witnessed a ferment of growth in recent years, with the number of breweries bubbling up like a frothy head on a freshly poured pint. Simultaneously, eBay Inc.'s stock price has experienced its own ebbs and flows, much like the effervescence of a finely carbonated beverage. While these two phenomena may seem as unrelated as ale and algebra, our research aims to unravel the curious correlation that has emerged.
As we embark on this ale-gorical journey, our investigation involves delving deep into the data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), providing a statistical brew-haha that may surprise even the most seasoned market analysts. This inquiry lies at the confluence of two seemingly disparate realms, offering a pint-sized paradigm of interconnectedness in the world of finance.
The aroma of this research is infused with the promise of uncovering a novel relationship, one that may offer investors a "hopportunity" to tap into a fresh perspective on market dynamics. So, without further ado, let us pour over the findings of this refreshing investigation, and perhaps raise a glass to the surprising correlations that foam to the surface when we blend the bubbles of beer with the buzz of stock prices.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The examination of the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price has garnered increasing attention in the scholarly community. Previous studies have laid the foundation for understanding the interconnected, yet seemingly disparate, realms of craft brewing and stock market dynamics. One such noteworthy work is Smith et al.'s seminal study, "Breweries and Stocks: Fermenting Financial Insights," which explored the potential impact of brewery proliferation on stock prices in various industries. Their findings hinted at a correlation, prompting further investigation into this sudsy connection.
Doe and Jones' research, "The Ale-ure of Stock Market Dynamics," provided additional insights into the psychological and consumer behavior aspects of brewery numbers and stock prices. Their empirical analysis delved into the subtle influences of craft beer trends on investor sentiment, shedding light on the intricate interplay between consumer preferences and stock market performance. These studies form the substantive backbone of the scholarly dialogue around the intriguing relationship between breweries and stock prices.
Expanding beyond the traditional academic literature, a number of non-fiction publications have also contributed to the discourse surrounding this unconventional correlation. In "Brewonomics: A Sudsy Study of Economic Entanglements" by Brewer and Fermenter, a comprehensive examination of brewery economics intersects with market dynamics, offering a nuanced perspective on the potential impact of brewery numbers on stock prices. Similarly, "Ale Street Journal's Guide to Stock Picks" by Hoppy Investor provides a quirky yet thought-provoking analysis of the market trends related to brewery proliferation and its intersection with stock performance.
Turning to the world of fiction, works such as "Brews and Bulls: The Sudsy Saga of Stock Market Shenanigans" by Novel Writer and "Hoppy Endings: A Tale of Brewery Bubbles and Stock Market Surprises" by Fiction Enthusiast capture the whimsical yet substantive exploration of the interconnectedness between breweries and stock prices. While these fictional narratives may not offer empirical evidence, they contribute to the broader cultural conversation, infusing the academic discourse with an element of imaginative allure.
Furthermore, it is important to acknowledge the influence of popular media in shaping perceptions and discussions related to brewery numbers and stock prices. Cartoons such as "Brewery Bears" and children's shows like "Hoppy Stock Hoppers" subtly introduce the concept of financial interconnectedness through playful storytelling, fostering an early awareness of complex economic relationships in young audiences. These cultural touchpoints serve as indirect conduits for introducing the nuanced interplay between breweries and stock prices to a broader audience.
In conclusion, the existing body of literature and cultural narratives offer a diverse tapestry of perspectives on the compelling relationship between brewery numbers and stock prices. While the initial scholarly discourse provides a substantive groundwork, the infusion of fiction and popular media adds a layer of whimsy and accessibility to this intriguing subject matter. As we proceed to elucidate our own findings in this domain, we appreciate the multi-faceted nature of the brewery-stock price nexus and the diverse avenues through which it permeates both academic and popular discourse.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2022
Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.
Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price
[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY) from 2002 to 2022. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 and determined that the relationship is statistically significant at p < 0.01. Our findings suggest a striking association between the proliferation of breweries and the performance of eBay's stock, hinting at a potential "hopportunity" for investors. This brew-tiful revelation adds a refreshing twist to the typically sober world of stock market analysis and highlights the frothy interconnectedness of industries in seemingly unrelated realms.
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of economics and consumer behavior is a well-traveled and sometimes inebriating terrain. This study delves into the fascinating relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY), offering an unexpected blend of statistical analysis and sudsy observations.
The craft beer industry has witnessed a ferment of growth in recent years, with the number of breweries bubbling up like a frothy head on a freshly poured pint. Simultaneously, eBay Inc.'s stock price has experienced its own ebbs and flows, much like the effervescence of a finely carbonated beverage. While these two phenomena may seem as unrelated as ale and algebra, our research aims to unravel the curious correlation that has emerged.
As we embark on this ale-gorical journey, our investigation involves delving deep into the data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), providing a statistical brew-haha that may surprise even the most seasoned market analysts. This inquiry lies at the confluence of two seemingly disparate realms, offering a pint-sized paradigm of interconnectedness in the world of finance.
The aroma of this research is infused with the promise of uncovering a novel relationship, one that may offer investors a "hopportunity" to tap into a fresh perspective on market dynamics. So, without further ado, let us pour over the findings of this refreshing investigation, and perhaps raise a glass to the surprising correlations that foam to the surface when we blend the bubbles of beer with the buzz of stock prices.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
ChatGPT:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
To sip on the frothy brew of data and unravel the intriguing relationship between the burgeoning brewery landscape and the capricious stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY), we embarked on a methodological journey as adventurous as a pub crawl on a Friday night. Our investigation relied on a cocktail of quantitative analysis, data manipulation, and statistical sorcery to distill the essence of this sudsy relationship.
Firstly, we sourced our primary data from the Brewers Association, a treasure trove of information on the proliferation of breweries across the United States. We imbibed copious amounts of data spanning from 2002 to 2022, capturing the effervescent evolution of the brewing industry over two decades. This allowed us to gauge the frothy fluctuations in the number of breweries, from the hoppy highs to the malty lows.
Secondly, we tapped into the financial data nectar provided by LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), dousing ourselves in the sea of stock price information pertaining to eBay Inc. Like discerning sommeliers, we uncorked data from the same temporal window, unwilling to settle for anything less than a perfectly aged dataset.
With these ingredients in hand, we engaged in a tango of data wrangling, attentively aligning the temporal aspects of the brewery numbers and eBay's stock price. As we harmonized these disparate datasets, it was as if we were crafting the perfect blend of hops and malts in a recipe for statistical success.
To deepen our analytical intoxication, we then conjured the potent elixir of correlation analysis. With a wave of our statistical wand, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient, a powerful incantation that quantifies the strength and direction of the relationship between our two focal points. We swirled our analysis, allowing the heady aroma of statistical significance (p < 0.01) to permeate our findings like an enticing bouquet of flavors in a finely aged wine.
Lastly, we engaged in a comparative analysis, juxtaposing the undulating waves of brewery numbers with the mercurial dance of eBay's stock price. This allowed us to visually perceive the ebb and flow of these seemingly disparate phenomena, akin to savoring the contrasting flavors of a well-paired cheese and wine.
This methodological concoction provided us with a nuanced understanding of the interconnectedness between the number of breweries in the United States and the fluctuation of eBay Inc.'s stock price. Our approach was as meticulous as a brewmaster crafting the perfect ale, and as invigorating as stumbling upon a hidden gem in a vintage beer cellar.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .
For the time period 2002 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8786200, r-squared of 0.7719731, and p < 0.01.
One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price
[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY) from 2002 to 2022. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 and determined that the relationship is statistically significant at p < 0.01. Our findings suggest a striking association between the proliferation of breweries and the performance of eBay's stock, hinting at a potential "hopportunity" for investors. This brew-tiful revelation adds a refreshing twist to the typically sober world of stock market analysis and highlights the frothy interconnectedness of industries in seemingly unrelated realms.
-------
And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The intersection of economics and consumer behavior is a well-traveled and sometimes inebriating terrain. This study delves into the fascinating relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY), offering an unexpected blend of statistical analysis and sudsy observations.
The craft beer industry has witnessed a ferment of growth in recent years, with the number of breweries bubbling up like a frothy head on a freshly poured pint. Simultaneously, eBay Inc.'s stock price has experienced its own ebbs and flows, much like the effervescence of a finely carbonated beverage. While these two phenomena may seem as unrelated as ale and algebra, our research aims to unravel the curious correlation that has emerged.
As we embark on this ale-gorical journey, our investigation involves delving deep into the data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), providing a statistical brew-haha that may surprise even the most seasoned market analysts. This inquiry lies at the confluence of two seemingly disparate realms, offering a pint-sized paradigm of interconnectedness in the world of finance.
The aroma of this research is infused with the promise of uncovering a novel relationship, one that may offer investors a "hopportunity" to tap into a fresh perspective on market dynamics. So, without further ado, let us pour over the findings of this refreshing investigation, and perhaps raise a glass to the surprising correlations that foam to the surface when we blend the bubbles of beer with the buzz of stock prices.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[RESULTS]]
ChatGPT:
[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a robust correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price from 2002 to 2022. The correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 indicated a strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. To put it simply, as the number of breweries increased, so did eBay Inc.'s stock price, much like the simultaneous rise of bubbles in a fizzy drink.
Further bolstering our findings, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7719731 suggested that approximately 77.2% of the variation in eBay Inc.'s stock price can be explained by changes in the number of breweries. This highlights an unexpectedly frothy connection between the proliferation of breweries and the vicissitudes of eBay Inc.'s stock, akin to the crisp effervescence and head retention of a well-crafted beer.
The statistical significance at p < 0.01 adds to the gravity of this correlation, indicating that the association between brewery numbers and eBay Inc.'s stock price is not merely a random sud-sidence. In fact, our findings suggest that there may be tangible implications for investors seeking a unique hopportunity to tap into this uncharted territory of market dynamics. It appears that these seemingly unrelated realms have woven a tapestry of interconnectedness, akin to the intertwined bubbles rising harmoniously in a lively pint of beer.
Moreover, the scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually articulates the striking relationship between the two variables, serving as a veritable brew-minder that the interconnectedness of industries can often yield surprising revelations. This figure encapsulates the essence of our findings, offering a refreshing perspective in the otherwise sober landscape of stock market analysis.
In conclusion, our results unveil a sudsy relationship between brewery numbers and eBay Inc.'s stock price, shedding light on an unexpected and compelling correlation. This un-beer-lievable discovery presents a compelling opening for further exploration at the crossroads of beer and bulls, providing a flavor-filled addition to the menu of market analysis. Cheers to the intriguing brews and bulls, as the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated industries continues to bubble to the surface in fresh and unexpected ways.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Limit your response to 500 tokens.
Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.
Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.
[[TITLE]]
Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price
[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY) from 2002 to 2022. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 and determined that the relationship is statistically significant at p < 0.01. Our findings suggest a striking association between the proliferation of breweries and the performance of eBay's stock, hinting at a potential "hopportunity" for investors. This brew-tiful revelation adds a refreshing twist to the typically sober world of stock market analysis and highlights the frothy interconnectedness of industries in seemingly unrelated realms.
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The examination of the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price has garnered increasing attention in the scholarly community. Previous studies have laid the foundation for understanding the interconnected, yet seemingly disparate, realms of craft brewing and stock market dynamics. One such noteworthy work is Smith et al.'s seminal study, "Breweries and Stocks: Fermenting Financial Insights," which explored the potential impact of brewery proliferation on stock prices in various industries. Their findings hinted at a correlation, prompting further investigation into this sudsy connection.
Doe and Jones' research, "The Ale-ure of Stock Market Dynamics," provided additional insights into the psychological and consumer behavior aspects of brewery numbers and stock prices. Their empirical analysis delved into the subtle influences of craft beer trends on investor sentiment, shedding light on the intricate interplay between consumer preferences and stock market performance. These studies form the substantive backbone of the scholarly dialogue around the intriguing relationship between breweries and stock prices.
Expanding beyond the traditional academic literature, a number of non-fiction publications have also contributed to the discourse surrounding this unconventional correlation. In "Brewonomics: A Sudsy Study of Economic Entanglements" by Brewer and Fermenter, a comprehensive examination of brewery economics intersects with market dynamics, offering a nuanced perspective on the potential impact of brewery numbers on stock prices. Similarly, "Ale Street Journal's Guide to Stock Picks" by Hoppy Investor provides a quirky yet thought-provoking analysis of the market trends related to brewery proliferation and its intersection with stock performance.
Turning to the world of fiction, works such as "Brews and Bulls: The Sudsy Saga of Stock Market Shenanigans" by Novel Writer and "Hoppy Endings: A Tale of Brewery Bubbles and Stock Market Surprises" by Fiction Enthusiast capture the whimsical yet substantive exploration of the interconnectedness between breweries and stock prices. While these fictional narratives may not offer empirical evidence, they contribute to the broader cultural conversation, infusing the academic discourse with an element of imaginative allure.
Furthermore, it is important to acknowledge the influence of popular media in shaping perceptions and discussions related to brewery numbers and stock prices. Cartoons such as "Brewery Bears" and children's shows like "Hoppy Stock Hoppers" subtly introduce the concept of financial interconnectedness through playful storytelling, fostering an early awareness of complex economic relationships in young audiences. These cultural touchpoints serve as indirect conduits for introducing the nuanced interplay between breweries and stock prices to a broader audience.
In conclusion, the existing body of literature and cultural narratives offer a diverse tapestry of perspectives on the compelling relationship between brewery numbers and stock prices. While the initial scholarly discourse provides a substantive groundwork, the infusion of fiction and popular media adds a layer of whimsy and accessibility to this intriguing subject matter. As we proceed to elucidate our own findings in this domain, we appreciate the multi-faceted nature of the brewery-stock price nexus and the diverse avenues through which it permeates both academic and popular discourse.
[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a robust correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price from 2002 to 2022. The correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 indicated a strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. To put it simply, as the number of breweries increased, so did eBay Inc.'s stock price, much like the simultaneous rise of bubbles in a fizzy drink.
Further bolstering our findings, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7719731 suggested that approximately 77.2% of the variation in eBay Inc.'s stock price can be explained by changes in the number of breweries. This highlights an unexpectedly frothy connection between the proliferation of breweries and the vicissitudes of eBay Inc.'s stock, akin to the crisp effervescence and head retention of a well-crafted beer.
The statistical significance at p < 0.01 adds to the gravity of this correlation, indicating that the association between brewery numbers and eBay Inc.'s stock price is not merely a random sud-sidence. In fact, our findings suggest that there may be tangible implications for investors seeking a unique hopportunity to tap into this uncharted territory of market dynamics. It appears that these seemingly unrelated realms have woven a tapestry of interconnectedness, akin to the intertwined bubbles rising harmoniously in a lively pint of beer.
Moreover, the scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually articulates the striking relationship between the two variables, serving as a veritable brew-minder that the interconnectedness of industries can often yield surprising revelations. This figure encapsulates the essence of our findings, offering a refreshing perspective in the otherwise sober landscape of stock market analysis.
In conclusion, our results unveil a sudsy relationship between brewery numbers and eBay Inc.'s stock price, shedding light on an unexpected and compelling correlation. This un-beer-lievable discovery presents a compelling opening for further exploration at the crossroads of beer and bulls, providing a flavor-filled addition to the menu of market analysis. Cheers to the intriguing brews and bulls, as the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated industries continues to bubble to the surface in fresh and unexpected ways.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[DISCUSSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[DISCUSSION]]
The findings of our study uncover a quenching revelation: the statistically significant correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price from 2002 to 2022. Our results not only confirmed but also frothed up the previous research on the sudsy interaction between brewery numbers and stock market dynamics.
Building upon the ale-mighty shoulders of prior literature, our analysis lent further credence to the notion that the proliferation of breweries is not just a foamy distraction from the stock market, but indeed a potent ingredient in the convoluted brew of market dynamics. Smith et al.'s work set the stage for our exploration, and our robust correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 echoes their inaugural whispers of a tangible relationship between brewery numbers and stock prices. As Doe and Jones eloquently postulated, consumer preferences in the realm of craft beer may indeed seep into the financial fabric, as evidenced by our findings.
Our results stand as a testament to the intrepid spirit of inquiry that infuses even seemingly whimsical subjects with empirical gravitas. In the spirit of "Brewonomics," we revealed the nuanced dance of supply and demand in the fusion of brewery proliferation and stock prices. Similarly, the findings of "Hoppy Endings" and "Brews and Bulls" have ceased to merely froth at the brim of fiction but have cascaded into the empirical landscape, adding a hoppy-citrus twist to the otherwise neutral palate of scholarly discourse.
The scatterplot, much like the delicate foam atop a freshly poured pint, visually encapsulates the essence of our findings, serving as a potent brew-minder that the interconnectedness of industries can yield an array of surprises reminiscent of a complex, multi-layered stout. As the crusty bubble of statistical significance popped at p<0.01, the tang of concrete association began to tingle on the palate of our analysis, leaving a pleasantly lingering aftertaste of likely market implications.
In essence, our study uncovers a rich, hop-forward relationship between brewery numbers and eBay Inc.'s stock price, adding a malty depth to the field of market analysis. As the market continues to bubble and brew, our findings open new fermenting possibilities for investors seeking to tap into this unique marketplace condensation. The interplay between brewing and bulls offers a delectable transition from the staid confines of traditional market analysis, presenting an invitation for further exploration into the duet of beer and bulls. Cheers to the intriguing brews and bulls - may this surprising correlation continue to effervesce and tantalize the financial taste buds.
(Note: Please feel free to add a conclusion after this discussion)
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.
Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price
[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY) from 2002 to 2022. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 and determined that the relationship is statistically significant at p < 0.01. Our findings suggest a striking association between the proliferation of breweries and the performance of eBay's stock, hinting at a potential "hopportunity" for investors. This brew-tiful revelation adds a refreshing twist to the typically sober world of stock market analysis and highlights the frothy interconnectedness of industries in seemingly unrelated realms.
[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intersection of economics and consumer behavior is a well-traveled and sometimes inebriating terrain. This study delves into the fascinating relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY), offering an unexpected blend of statistical analysis and sudsy observations.
The craft beer industry has witnessed a ferment of growth in recent years, with the number of breweries bubbling up like a frothy head on a freshly poured pint. Simultaneously, eBay Inc.'s stock price has experienced its own ebbs and flows, much like the effervescence of a finely carbonated beverage. While these two phenomena may seem as unrelated as ale and algebra, our research aims to unravel the curious correlation that has emerged.
As we embark on this ale-gorical journey, our investigation involves delving deep into the data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), providing a statistical brew-haha that may surprise even the most seasoned market analysts. This inquiry lies at the confluence of two seemingly disparate realms, offering a pint-sized paradigm of interconnectedness in the world of finance.
The aroma of this research is infused with the promise of uncovering a novel relationship, one that may offer investors a "hopportunity" to tap into a fresh perspective on market dynamics. So, without further ado, let us pour over the findings of this refreshing investigation, and perhaps raise a glass to the surprising correlations that foam to the surface when we blend the bubbles of beer with the buzz of stock prices.
[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a robust correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and eBay Inc.'s stock price from 2002 to 2022. The correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 indicated a strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. To put it simply, as the number of breweries increased, so did eBay Inc.'s stock price, much like the simultaneous rise of bubbles in a fizzy drink.
Further bolstering our findings, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7719731 suggested that approximately 77.2% of the variation in eBay Inc.'s stock price can be explained by changes in the number of breweries. This highlights an unexpectedly frothy connection between the proliferation of breweries and the vicissitudes of eBay Inc.'s stock, akin to the crisp effervescence and head retention of a well-crafted beer.
The statistical significance at p < 0.01 adds to the gravity of this correlation, indicating that the association between brewery numbers and eBay Inc.'s stock price is not merely a random sud-sidence. In fact, our findings suggest that there may be tangible implications for investors seeking a unique hopportunity to tap into this uncharted territory of market dynamics. It appears that these seemingly unrelated realms have woven a tapestry of interconnectedness, akin to the intertwined bubbles rising harmoniously in a lively pint of beer.
Moreover, the scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually articulates the striking relationship between the two variables, serving as a veritable brew-minder that the interconnectedness of industries can often yield surprising revelations. This figure encapsulates the essence of our findings, offering a refreshing perspective in the otherwise sober landscape of stock market analysis.
In conclusion, our results unveil a sudsy relationship between brewery numbers and eBay Inc.'s stock price, shedding light on an unexpected and compelling correlation. This un-beer-lievable discovery presents a compelling opening for further exploration at the crossroads of beer and bulls, providing a flavor-filled addition to the menu of market analysis. Cheers to the intriguing brews and bulls, as the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated industries continues to bubble to the surface in fresh and unexpected ways.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[CONCLUSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[CONCLUSION]]
In conclusion, this study has uncorked a delightful revelation concerning the interconnectedness of brewery numbers and eBay Inc.'s stock price. Our findings have effervescently demonstrated a strong positive correlation between these seemingly unrelated variables, adding a refreshing twist to the stock market landscape. The statistical significance at p < 0.01 underscores the credibility of this connection, indicating that it is no mere f-rookie-st, but rather a significant discovery worth savoring.
It is apparent that the dynamics of consumer behavior, economic trends, and the spirit of entrepreneurship are all brewed together in a heady concoction that influences stock market performance. The aroma of opportunity wafts through the air, offering investors a chance to tap into this unexpected relationship and perhaps ferment some hoppy returns.
As we raise a glass to the intriguing findings of this study, it becomes clear that there is certainly more than meets the eye in the world of market correlations. The "hopportunity" presented by the proliferation of breweries offers a compelling narrative that defies traditional economic expectations, revealing that beneath the seemingly frothy surface, there lies a rich tapestry of interconnectedness waiting to be explored.
Despite the somewhat light-hearted nature of this investigation, the robust statistical support for the relationship between brewery numbers and eBay Inc.'s stock price demands serious consideration. It is our hope that this study will inspire further research at the intersection of seemingly unrelated industries, as we continue to unearth the unexpected and offer investors a unique brew of insights.
In light of these frothy findings, it is our firm assertion that no further research is needed in this area, as we have thoroughly quenched the thirst for understanding the sudsy relationship between brewery numbers and stock performance. Let us savor this revelation and raise a glass to the un-beer-lievable surprises that await in the world of market analysis. Cheers to the brews and bulls!
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.
ChatGPT:
Journal of Fermentation Economics
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.
ChatGPT:
The Center for Brewconomics and Financial Analysis
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price with an abstract of This paper examines the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of eBay Inc. (EBAY) from 2002 to 2022. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.8786200 and determined that the relationship is statistically significant at p < 0.01. Our findings suggest a striking association between the proliferation of breweries and the performance of eBay's stock, hinting at a potential "hopportunity" for investors. This brew-tiful revelation adds a refreshing twist to the typically sober world of stock market analysis and highlights the frothy interconnectedness of industries in seemingly unrelated realms.
ChatGPT:
brewery numbers, eBay Inc. stock price, correlation, United States breweries, stock market analysis, Brewers Association data, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, relationship between breweries and stock price, investment opportunities, interconnectedness of industries
*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.
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Data details
The number of Breweries in the United StatesDetailed data title: Number of Breweries in the United States
Source: Brewers Association
See what else correlates with The number of Breweries in the United States
eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY)
Detailed data title: Opening price of eBay Inc. (EBAY) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function
See what else correlates with eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.
r2 = 0.7719731 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 77.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of Breweries in the United States) over the 21 years from 2002 through 2022.
p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.6E-7. 0.0000001614326674940059000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.
But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.
Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.88 in 1.6E-5% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 6,194,533 random variables You don't actually need 6 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.
p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.
In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.
Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 20 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 20 because we have two variables measured over a period of 21 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.
[ 0.72, 0.95 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.
This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!
All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.
Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
The number of Breweries in the United States (Number of breweries) | 1575 | 1629 | 1635 | 1612 | 1741 | 1805 | 1896 | 1933 | 2131 | 2525 | 2670 | 3162 | 4014 | 4847 | 5780 | 6767 | 7722 | 8557 | 9092 | 9384 | 9709 |
eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY) (Stock price) | 6.88 | 7.18 | 13.54 | 24.66 | 18.4 | 12.78 | 14.08 | 5.9 | 9.98 | 11.87 | 12.98 | 22.05 | 23.14 | 23.73 | 27.11 | 29.83 | 38.17 | 27.65 | 36.41 | 50.48 | 66.45 |
Why this works
- Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
- Lack of causal connection: There is probably
Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied. - Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple
Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Try it yourself
You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.
Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"
Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.
Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.
Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.
Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"
If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:
"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."
# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):
# Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)
# Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
r_squared = correlation**2
return correlation, r_squared, p_value
# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1575,1629,1635,1612,1741,1805,1896,1933,2131,2525,2670,3162,4014,4847,5780,6767,7722,8557,9092,9384,9709,])
array_2 = np.array([6.88,7.18,13.54,24.66,18.4,12.78,14.08,5.9,9.98,11.87,12.98,22.05,23.14,23.73,27.11,29.83,38.17,27.65,36.41,50.48,66.45,])
array_1_name = "The number of Breweries in the United States"
array_2_name = "eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY)"
# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)
# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)
Reuseable content
You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.
For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."
When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.
Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.
Download images for these variables:
- High resolution line chart
The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape. - High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
- Alternative high resolution line chart
- Scatterplot
- Portable line chart (png)
- Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
- Line chart for only The number of Breweries in the United States
- Line chart for only eBay Inc.'s stock price (EBAY)
- AI-generated correlation image
- The spurious research paper: Brews and Bulls: A Sudsy Relationship Between Brewery Numbers and eBay Inc.'s Stock Price
Your rating is stellar!
Correlation ID: 2928 · Black Variable ID: 34 · Red Variable ID: 1884