Spurious correlation #4,860 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for Libertarian Senators in New York and the second variable is Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company. The chart goes from 1998 to 2016, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for Libertarian Senators in New York and the second variable is Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company. The chart goes from 1998 to 2016, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As Libertarian votes for Senators in New York increased, there was a corresponding surge in demands for RV deregulation, leading Keystone RV Company to cut corners in production, ultimately causing a spike in automotive recalls. It's a classic case of political preferences taking the highway to RV safety!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate a comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s that depicts a bustling New York City scene. In the foreground, a line of voters forms outside a polling station, with a large "Libertarian" banner proudly waving in the background. Meanwhile, at the Keystone RV Company factory, workers are hurriedly assembling RVs, with a noticeable lack of oversight. In the distance, a fleet of RVs undergoes inspection due to recent recalls. The juxtaposition of political enthusiasm and automotive safety issues is all too clear in this bustling cityscape. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: inspired by bauhaus Surrealism Brutalism Cute 2D animation A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s
ChatGPT: A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company, in the following situation: As Libertarian votes for Senators in New York increased, there was a corresponding surge in demands for RV deregulation, leading Keystone RV Company to cut corners in production, ultimately causing a spike in automotive recalls. It's a classic case of political preferences taking the highway to RV safety!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling New York City, a line of voters forms outside a polling station. A large "Libertarian" banner proudly waves in the background. Meanwhile, at the Keystone RV Company factory, workers hurriedly assemble RVs, with a noticeable lack of oversight. In the distance, a fleet of RVs undergoes inspection due to recent recalls. The juxtaposition of political enthusiasm and automotive safety issues is all too clear.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling New York City, a line of voters forms outside a polling station. A large "Libertarian" banner proudly waves in the background. Meanwhile, at the Keystone RV Company factory, workers hurriedly assemble RVs, with a noticeable lack of oversight. In the distance, a fleet of RVs undergoes inspection due to recent recalls. The juxtaposition of political enthusiasm and automotive safety issues is all too clear. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate a comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s that depicts a bustling New York City scene. In the foreground, a line of voters forms outside a polling station, with a large "Libertarian" banner proudly waving in the background. Meanwhile, at the Keystone RV Company factory, workers are hurriedly assembling RVs, with a noticeable lack of oversight. In the distance, a fleet of RVs undergoes inspection due to recent recalls. The juxtaposition of political enthusiasm and automotive safety issues is all too clear in this bustling cityscape.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Libertarian votes for Senators in New York caused Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company to increase. Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime?

The Journal of Political Puzzles and Paradoxes

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the peculiar link between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US DOT for the years 1998 to 2016, our research team intended to unravel this seemingly nonsensical relationship. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged from our analysis. Our findings invite scrutiny and may raise more questions than answers, sparking essential discussions on the intersections of political choices and automotive industry mishaps.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between political choices and real-world consequences has long been a subject of interest and intrigue. While it is not uncommon for academic literature to explore the connections between voting patterns and socioeconomic indicators, the correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company presents a particularly enigmatic puzzle. One might even say it's a match made in statistical purgatory.
The juxtaposition of individual political preferences with the machinery of automotive industry mishaps is indeed an unexpected union. Who would have thought that the fate of automotive recalls could be influenced by the libertarian leanings of a New York electorate? It's like discovering a hidden compartment in a Ford Pinto – both surprising and potentially hazardous.
As political scientists, we are accustomed to deciphering the complexities of voter behavior and the implications for governance. And as automotive enthusiasts, we appreciate the need for rigorous quality control and safety standards. Imagine our intrigue when these seemingly disparate realms collided in our dataset like a fender bender on the information superhighway. It's as if the invisible hand of the market reached out and high-fived the invisible hand of political ideology.
The manifestation of this correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, compelled us to examine this connection further. Such a strong relationship demands attention, like a driver who can't decide whether to merge left or right and ends up straddling two lanes, causing chaos for all involved.
Thus, this research aims to contribute to the scholarly understanding of both political behavior and industrial quality control, shedding light on a previously underexplored area of inquiry. We hope that our findings will prompt further investigation and debate, as we navigate the intersection of partisan politics and vehicle safety – a journey that promises to be as eventful as a road trip in a car with questionable reliability.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Smith et al.," the authors find that political choices can have far-reaching implications on various aspects of society. Similarly, in "Doe and Roe," the researchers delve into the impact of voter behavior on product quality and consumer safety. Expanding on this line of inquiry, "Jones and Smith" illuminate the interconnectedness of political leanings with industrial practices, albeit in a different context.

Moving beyond the academic sphere, "The Road Less Traveled" by M. Scott Peck explores the idea of unconventional paths and the consequences of deviating from the norm, drawing parallels to the unexpected connection between libertarian votes and automotive recalls. In a fictional twist, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams humorously contemplates the absurdity of cosmic events and the unpredictable nature of cause and effect, much like the unlikely correlation we are investigating.

Drawing inspiration from the world of board games, the intricate dynamics of power play and strategic maneuvers in "Risk" and the circuitous routes of chance and fate in "Snakes and Ladders" provide a whimsical but surprisingly relevant analogy to the intricacies of political affiliations and automotive mishaps.

As we journey deeper into this curious confluence of political decision-making and automotive malfunctions, it becomes increasingly clear that the terrain we traverse is as unconventional and unpredictable as a GPS with a mischievous streak. The uncharted territory of this investigation beckons with the allure of a hidden treasure map, promising insights as intriguing as stumbling upon a secret compartment in an old RV. With each step, we embrace the thrill of discovery and the promise of unraveling a riddle as confounding as a political debate between a velociraptor and a T-Rex – a collision of ideas both fantastic and bewildering.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and US DOT . You used data from 1998 to 2016

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the peculiar link between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US DOT for the years 1998 to 2016, our research team intended to unravel this seemingly nonsensical relationship. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged from our analysis. Our findings invite scrutiny and may raise more questions than answers, sparking essential discussions on the intersections of political choices and automotive industry mishaps.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between political choices and real-world consequences has long been a subject of interest and intrigue. While it is not uncommon for academic literature to explore the connections between voting patterns and socioeconomic indicators, the correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company presents a particularly enigmatic puzzle. One might even say it's a match made in statistical purgatory.
The juxtaposition of individual political preferences with the machinery of automotive industry mishaps is indeed an unexpected union. Who would have thought that the fate of automotive recalls could be influenced by the libertarian leanings of a New York electorate? It's like discovering a hidden compartment in a Ford Pinto – both surprising and potentially hazardous.
As political scientists, we are accustomed to deciphering the complexities of voter behavior and the implications for governance. And as automotive enthusiasts, we appreciate the need for rigorous quality control and safety standards. Imagine our intrigue when these seemingly disparate realms collided in our dataset like a fender bender on the information superhighway. It's as if the invisible hand of the market reached out and high-fived the invisible hand of political ideology.
The manifestation of this correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, compelled us to examine this connection further. Such a strong relationship demands attention, like a driver who can't decide whether to merge left or right and ends up straddling two lanes, causing chaos for all involved.
Thus, this research aims to contribute to the scholarly understanding of both political behavior and industrial quality control, shedding light on a previously underexplored area of inquiry. We hope that our findings will prompt further investigation and debate, as we navigate the intersection of partisan politics and vehicle safety – a journey that promises to be as eventful as a road trip in a car with questionable reliability.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To investigate the perplexing linkage between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the occurrence of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company, a meticulous and whimsically thorough research methodology was employed.

Data regarding Libertarian votes for Senators in New York were sourced from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab and were as closely examined as a detective scrutinizes a suspect in a classic whodunit. The automotive recall information from Keystone RV Company was sourced from the US Department of Transportation, scrutinized like an overzealous inspector at a used car lot.

A rigorous statistical analysis, as intricate as a Swiss watch, was conducted to assess the relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. A correlation analysis akin to a tango between the political proclivities of voters and the vehicular mishaps of RVs was performed to determine the strength and direction of the relationship.

The correlation coefficient, akin to the bond between two dance partners, reflected the magnitude and direction of the association between the number of Libertarian votes and the occurrence of automotive recalls. Furthermore, a p-value, as significant as a rally in a swing state, was utilized to determine the statistical significance of this relationship, ensuring that the findings were not mere statistical noise.

The utilization of data from the years 1998 to 2016, akin to a historical road trip, allowed for a comprehensive examination of this peculiar juxtaposition. This timeframe was selected to capture both the evolution of political ideologies and the patterns of automotive mishaps, providing a thorough understanding of the interplay between political leanings and automotive misfortunes over nearly two decades.

In summary, the methodology employed in this study ensured a comprehensive examination of the obscure correlation between Libertarian votes and automotive recalls, revealing a relationship as intriguing as a political debate taking place in a car showroom. This carefully conducted analysis aimed to shed light on a connection as unexpected as finding a clown car at a political convention—raising questions, sparking discussions, and inviting further examination.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and US DOT .

For the time period 1998 to 2016, you found a correlation 0.9535755, r-squared of 0.9093062, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the peculiar link between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US DOT for the years 1998 to 2016, our research team intended to unravel this seemingly nonsensical relationship. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged from our analysis. Our findings invite scrutiny and may raise more questions than answers, sparking essential discussions on the intersections of political choices and automotive industry mishaps.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The relationship between political choices and real-world consequences has long been a subject of interest and intrigue. While it is not uncommon for academic literature to explore the connections between voting patterns and socioeconomic indicators, the correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company presents a particularly enigmatic puzzle. One might even say it's a match made in statistical purgatory.
The juxtaposition of individual political preferences with the machinery of automotive industry mishaps is indeed an unexpected union. Who would have thought that the fate of automotive recalls could be influenced by the libertarian leanings of a New York electorate? It's like discovering a hidden compartment in a Ford Pinto – both surprising and potentially hazardous.
As political scientists, we are accustomed to deciphering the complexities of voter behavior and the implications for governance. And as automotive enthusiasts, we appreciate the need for rigorous quality control and safety standards. Imagine our intrigue when these seemingly disparate realms collided in our dataset like a fender bender on the information superhighway. It's as if the invisible hand of the market reached out and high-fived the invisible hand of political ideology.
The manifestation of this correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, compelled us to examine this connection further. Such a strong relationship demands attention, like a driver who can't decide whether to merge left or right and ends up straddling two lanes, causing chaos for all involved.
Thus, this research aims to contribute to the scholarly understanding of both political behavior and industrial quality control, shedding light on a previously underexplored area of inquiry. We hope that our findings will prompt further investigation and debate, as we navigate the intersection of partisan politics and vehicle safety – a journey that promises to be as eventful as a road trip in a car with questionable reliability.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis yielded a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9535755, indicating a remarkably strong relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company from 1998 to 2016. This substantial correlation suggests that, much like trying to navigate a crowded New York street, these two variables are intricately intertwined, albeit in a statistically surprising manner. The r-squared value of 0.9093062 further elucidates that over 90% of the variation in automotive recalls can be explained by the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York, leaving only a small fraction of unexplained variation – much like the mysterious car troubles that always seem to persist no matter how many times you visit the mechanic.

The p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, underscoring the robustness of the relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. It's as though when New Yorkers cast their libertarian-leaning votes, the automotive industry responds with a symphony of recalls, creating a discordant yet undeniable harmony between politics and vehicular mishaps.

The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually presents this conspicuous correlation, leaving little room for doubt about the connection between these two variables. The data points form a nearly perfect line, like a pair of parallel parking spots that beckon the car but intimidate the driver. The juxtaposition of these data points is akin to a political spectrum intersecting with the lanes of automotive risk, creating a mosaic of statistical intrigue and teasing the boundaries of conventional scholarly inquiry.

In summary, the findings suggest a compelling association between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the frequency of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company, prompting further contemplation and scrutiny. These results engender crucial dialogues and provide a thought-provoking avenue for future exploration, akin to a thorough exploration of a bumpy road that simultaneously excites and perplexes the journeyer.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the peculiar link between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US DOT for the years 1998 to 2016, our research team intended to unravel this seemingly nonsensical relationship. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged from our analysis. Our findings invite scrutiny and may raise more questions than answers, sparking essential discussions on the intersections of political choices and automotive industry mishaps.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Smith et al.," the authors find that political choices can have far-reaching implications on various aspects of society. Similarly, in "Doe and Roe," the researchers delve into the impact of voter behavior on product quality and consumer safety. Expanding on this line of inquiry, "Jones and Smith" illuminate the interconnectedness of political leanings with industrial practices, albeit in a different context.
Moving beyond the academic sphere, "The Road Less Traveled" by M. Scott Peck explores the idea of unconventional paths and the consequences of deviating from the norm, drawing parallels to the unexpected connection between libertarian votes and automotive recalls. In a fictional twist, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams humorously contemplates the absurdity of cosmic events and the unpredictable nature of cause and effect, much like the unlikely correlation we are investigating.
Drawing inspiration from the world of board games, the intricate dynamics of power play and strategic maneuvers in "Risk" and the circuitous routes of chance and fate in "Snakes and Ladders" provide a whimsical but surprisingly relevant analogy to the intricacies of political affiliations and automotive mishaps.
As we journey deeper into this curious confluence of political decision-making and automotive malfunctions, it becomes increasingly clear that the terrain we traverse is as unconventional and unpredictable as a GPS with a mischievous streak. The uncharted territory of this investigation beckons with the allure of a hidden treasure map, promising insights as intriguing as stumbling upon a secret compartment in an old RV. With each step, we embrace the thrill of discovery and the promise of unraveling a riddle as confounding as a political debate between a velociraptor and a T-Rex – a collision of ideas both fantastic and bewildering.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis yielded a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9535755, indicating a remarkably strong relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company from 1998 to 2016. This substantial correlation suggests that, much like trying to navigate a crowded New York street, these two variables are intricately intertwined, albeit in a statistically surprising manner. The r-squared value of 0.9093062 further elucidates that over 90% of the variation in automotive recalls can be explained by the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York, leaving only a small fraction of unexplained variation – much like the mysterious car troubles that always seem to persist no matter how many times you visit the mechanic.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, underscoring the robustness of the relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. It's as though when New Yorkers cast their libertarian-leaning votes, the automotive industry responds with a symphony of recalls, creating a discordant yet undeniable harmony between politics and vehicular mishaps.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually presents this conspicuous correlation, leaving little room for doubt about the connection between these two variables. The data points form a nearly perfect line, like a pair of parallel parking spots that beckon the car but intimidate the driver. The juxtaposition of these data points is akin to a political spectrum intersecting with the lanes of automotive risk, creating a mosaic of statistical intrigue and teasing the boundaries of conventional scholarly inquiry.
In summary, the findings suggest a compelling association between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the frequency of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company, prompting further contemplation and scrutiny. These results engender crucial dialogues and provide a thought-provoking avenue for future exploration, akin to a thorough exploration of a bumpy road that simultaneously excites and perplexes the journeyer.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The robust correlation uncovered in this study between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company from 1998 to 2016 offers a tantalizing avenue for contemplation. Building upon the foundation established by previous researchers, including the whimsical parallels drawn from "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy," this study sheds light on the unexpected relationship between political leanings and automotive industry mishaps. Much like the enigmatic dynamics described in "Risk" and "Snakes and Ladders," our findings underscore the intricate interplay between political choices and industrial outcomes, challenging conventional perceptions of causality and determinism.

The exceptional correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 aligns with the previous investigations into the far-reaching implications of political decisions. It suggests a remarkably strong relationship between the number of Libertarian votes and the frequency of automotive recalls, hinting at the intricate web of factors that contribute to industrial practices. The r-squared value further reinforces the substantial influence of Libertarian votes on automotive recalls, akin to the persistent mysteries of vehicular malfunctions that perplex even the most seasoned mechanic.

Moreover, the statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence against the null hypothesis, solidifying the validity of the observed relationship. This echoes the sentiment expressed in "The Road Less Traveled," emphasizing the profound impact of unconventional paths and decisions on unforeseen outcomes. It appears that when New Yorkers cast their libertarian-leaning votes, the automotive industry responds with a symphony of recalls, creating a discordant yet undeniable harmony between politics and vehicular mishaps.

The scatterplot visually encapsulates the conspicuous correlation, presenting a landscape of statistical intrigue reminiscent of navigating the labyrinthine streets of New York. The alignment of data points forms a nearly perfect line, hinting at the systematic nature of this perplexing relationship. This finding, quite like a pair of parallel parking spots, emphasizes the precision and predictability within the unexpected correlation uncovered in this study.

In summary, these results catapult the curious confluence of political decision-making and automotive malfunctions into the forefront of scholarly inquiry. They prompt critical discussions and ignite the imagination, akin to a trek through uncharted terrain in pursuit of captivating discoveries. The unexpected harmony between Libertarian votes and automotive recalls invites further exploration, mirroring the allure of a hidden treasure map waiting to be decrypted. As such, this study sets the stage for future research to delve deeper into this enigmatic connection, steering academic inquiry onto a path as winding and unpredictable as a New York City street.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the peculiar link between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US DOT for the years 1998 to 2016, our research team intended to unravel this seemingly nonsensical relationship. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged from our analysis. Our findings invite scrutiny and may raise more questions than answers, sparking essential discussions on the intersections of political choices and automotive industry mishaps.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The relationship between political choices and real-world consequences has long been a subject of interest and intrigue. While it is not uncommon for academic literature to explore the connections between voting patterns and socioeconomic indicators, the correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company presents a particularly enigmatic puzzle. One might even say it's a match made in statistical purgatory.
The juxtaposition of individual political preferences with the machinery of automotive industry mishaps is indeed an unexpected union. Who would have thought that the fate of automotive recalls could be influenced by the libertarian leanings of a New York electorate? It's like discovering a hidden compartment in a Ford Pinto – both surprising and potentially hazardous.
As political scientists, we are accustomed to deciphering the complexities of voter behavior and the implications for governance. And as automotive enthusiasts, we appreciate the need for rigorous quality control and safety standards. Imagine our intrigue when these seemingly disparate realms collided in our dataset like a fender bender on the information superhighway. It's as if the invisible hand of the market reached out and high-fived the invisible hand of political ideology.
The manifestation of this correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01, compelled us to examine this connection further. Such a strong relationship demands attention, like a driver who can't decide whether to merge left or right and ends up straddling two lanes, causing chaos for all involved.
Thus, this research aims to contribute to the scholarly understanding of both political behavior and industrial quality control, shedding light on a previously underexplored area of inquiry. We hope that our findings will prompt further investigation and debate, as we navigate the intersection of partisan politics and vehicle safety – a journey that promises to be as eventful as a road trip in a car with questionable reliability.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis yielded a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9535755, indicating a remarkably strong relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company from 1998 to 2016. This substantial correlation suggests that, much like trying to navigate a crowded New York street, these two variables are intricately intertwined, albeit in a statistically surprising manner. The r-squared value of 0.9093062 further elucidates that over 90% of the variation in automotive recalls can be explained by the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York, leaving only a small fraction of unexplained variation – much like the mysterious car troubles that always seem to persist no matter how many times you visit the mechanic.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, underscoring the robustness of the relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. It's as though when New Yorkers cast their libertarian-leaning votes, the automotive industry responds with a symphony of recalls, creating a discordant yet undeniable harmony between politics and vehicular mishaps.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually presents this conspicuous correlation, leaving little room for doubt about the connection between these two variables. The data points form a nearly perfect line, like a pair of parallel parking spots that beckon the car but intimidate the driver. The juxtaposition of these data points is akin to a political spectrum intersecting with the lanes of automotive risk, creating a mosaic of statistical intrigue and teasing the boundaries of conventional scholarly inquiry.
In summary, the findings suggest a compelling association between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the frequency of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company, prompting further contemplation and scrutiny. These results engender crucial dialogues and provide a thought-provoking avenue for future exploration, akin to a thorough exploration of a bumpy road that simultaneously excites and perplexes the journeyer.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has uncovered a remarkably robust correlation between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company. This unexpected relationship, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a p-value of less than 0.01, has left us scratching our heads like a mechanic confronted with a car that seems to have mysterious, untraceable ailments.

The statistical significance of our findings cannot be denied, much like the persistent check engine light that no amount of tinkering seems to fix. While we initially set out to explore this connection with skepticism, akin to a driver wary of a suspicious clanking noise in the engine, the strength of the correlation has left us both astounded and bewildered – much like the feeling of encountering an unexpected pothole on an otherwise smooth road.

It is clear that further research is warranted in this area to unravel the underlying mechanisms driving this peculiar relationship. However, we are also mindful of the cautionary tale of the endless quest for the perfect car, always seeking but never quite finding – much like the pursuit of absolute understanding in the realm of statistical analysis.

In light of our findings, it is apparent that the intersection of political choices and automotive industry mishaps merits continued investigation. We hope that our research will spark further curiosity and perhaps even a chuckle or two as we navigate the quirky terrain of statistical anomalies and improbable associations, not unlike a joyride in a whimsically unreliable vintage automobile.

Finally, we firmly assert that no more research is needed in this area, as we fear that delving any deeper into this mysterious correlation may lead us down a rabbit hole of absurdity from which there is no return – much like embarking on an ill-advised road trip with an unreliable vehicle and a map full of nonsensical detours.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime?. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Political Puzzles and Paradoxes

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime?. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Political Paradox Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime? with an abstract of This study delves into the peculiar link between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in New York and the issuance of automotive recalls by Keystone RV Company. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US DOT for the years 1998 to 2016, our research team intended to unravel this seemingly nonsensical relationship. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9535755 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged from our analysis. Our findings invite scrutiny and may raise more questions than answers, sparking essential discussions on the intersections of political choices and automotive industry mishaps.

ChatGPT:

Libertarian votes, recalls, New York, Keystone RV Company, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, US DOT, correlation coefficient, p-value, political choices, automotive industry mishaps.

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Votes for Libertarian Senators in New York
Detailed data title: Percentage of votes cast for Federal Libertarian Senate candidates in New York
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for Libertarian Senators in New York

Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company
Detailed data title: Automotive recals issued by Keystone RV Company
Source: US DOT
See what else correlates with Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company

Correlation r = 0.9535755 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.9093062 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 90.9% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Votes for Libertarian Senators in New York) over the 7 years from 1998 through 2016.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.00087.^Show 0.0008698309969658474000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.95 in 0.087% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 1,150 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 6 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 6 because we have two variables measured over a period of 7 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.71, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1998	2000	2004	2006	2010	2012	2016
Votes for Libertarian Senators in New York (Percentage of votes)	0.164794	0.0680205	0.256088	0.446663	0.909113	0.448162	0.616879
Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company (Recalls)	1	1	3	9	15	5	13

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Very low n: There are not many data points included in this analysis. Even if the p-value is high, we should be suspicious of using so few datapoints in a correlation.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.164794,0.0680205,0.256088,0.446663,0.909113,0.448162,0.616879,])
array_2 = np.array([1,1,3,9,15,5,13,])
array_1_name = "Votes for Libertarian Senators in New York"
array_2_name = "Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Votes for Libertarian Senators in New York
Line chart for only Automotive recalls issued by Keystone RV Company
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Libertarian Votes and Recalls: A Rhyme or a Crime?

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Correlation ID: 4860 · Black Variable ID: 26435 · Red Variable ID: 1129


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