Spurious correlation #5,147 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is US household spending on property taxes and the second variable is Votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska. The chart goes from 2000 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is US household spending on property taxes and the second variable is Votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska. The chart goes from 2000 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As household spending on property taxes rose, more people found themselves "Biden" their time in Alaska, leading to an increase in Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate! It seems like when it comes to supporting the blue, there's no property tax too high-aska!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [Sci-fi fantasy] In a remote log cabin deep in the Alaskan wilderness, a family is seated around the weathered kitchen table. The worn wood glows in the warm light of a flickering holographic fire. On the table, futuristic property tax bills float above the surface, pulsing with an otherworldly glow. Next to them, a holographic ballot for the Democrat Presidential candidate hovers, emitting a faint, celestial hum. The family, clad in shimmering, thermal fabric, animatedly discusses the soaring property taxes while eagerly marking their votes for the futuristic Democrat candidate. Through the cabin's transparent walls, the icy landscape outside shimmers with an ethereal blue glow, reflecting the family's increasing support for the blue party as the property tax bills continue to stack up in a surreal, snowy tableau. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: US household spending on property taxes and Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cyberpunk Sci-fi fantacy Cutsy art illustration Cutsy graphics Oragami
ChatGPT: Sci-fi fantasy

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both US household spending on property taxes and Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska, in the following situation: As household spending on property taxes rose, more people found themselves "Biden" their time in Alaska, leading to an increase in Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate! It seems like when it comes to supporting the blue, there's no property tax too high-aska!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a cozy log cabin in Alaska, a family is gathered around the kitchen table. On the table, there are property tax bills and a ballot for the Democrat Presidential candidate. The family is discussing the increase in property taxes, while also eagerly marking their votes for the Democrat candidate. Outside, the snow-covered landscape reflects the increasing support for the blue party as the property tax bills continue to stack up.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Sci-fi fantasy ] and depicting this scene: In a cozy log cabin in Alaska, a family is gathered around the kitchen table. On the table, there are property tax bills and a ballot for the Democrat Presidential candidate. The family is discussing the increase in property taxes, while also eagerly marking their votes for the Democrat candidate. Outside, the snow-covered landscape reflects the increasing support for the blue party as the property tax bills continue to stack up. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [Sci-fi fantasy] In a remote log cabin deep in the Alaskan wilderness, a family is seated around the weathered kitchen table. The worn wood glows in the warm light of a flickering holographic fire. On the table, futuristic property tax bills float above the surface, pulsing with an otherworldly glow. Next to them, a holographic ballot for the Democrat Presidential candidate hovers, emitting a faint, celestial hum. The family, clad in shimmering, thermal fabric, animatedly discusses the soaring property taxes while eagerly marking their votes for the futuristic Democrat candidate. Through the cabin's transparent walls, the icy landscape outside shimmers with an ethereal blue glow, reflecting the family's increasing support for the blue party as the property tax bills continue to stack up in a surreal, snowy tableau.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in US household spending on property taxes caused Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier

The Journal of Frontier Politics and Property Economics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on property taxes and Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between US household spending on property taxes and the votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska has been a matter of enduring interest. In this study, we sought to shed light on this connection by delving into the comprehensive data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9524958 and p < 0.01 between property tax expenditure and votes cast for the Democratic Presidential nominee from 2000 to 2020 in the frigid terrain of Alaska.

Now, for the *crux* of the matter - our analysis demonstrated a robust and consistent positive relationship between household spending on property taxes and the propensity of Alaskan voters to support the Democratic Presidential candidate. To put it succinctly, as property tax payments increased, so too did the likelihood of casting a ballot for the Democratic contender. It appears that when it comes to property taxes, "taxation without representation" becomes "taxation with liberal inclination" in the Last Frontier.

In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between economic factors and political leanings in the frosty expanse of Alaska. Our findings may have practical implications for policymakers and political analysts aiming to understand the dynamics of electoral preferences within the unique context of property tax burdens. As researchers, we have successfully bridged the gap between property taxes and political preferences, proving that in the great wilderness of Alaska, property taxes may just hold the key to the Democratic heart...or at least the wallet!

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between household spending on property taxes and voting behavior in the United States has long been a topic of interest, with many studies focusing on different states and regions. The state of Alaska, known for its breathtaking landscapes and formidable winters, presents a particularly intriguing case study due to its distinct socioeconomic and political dynamics. The aim of this paper is to unravel the association between property tax expenditure and votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in the expansive wilderness of Alaska. As famed economist and Alaskan enthusiast may say, “it’s time to bring the *cool* factor to property tax analysis in the Last Frontier.”
The connection between property taxes and political inclinations is not a new subject of investigation, but it remains incredibly topical. Previous research has largely concentrated on the continental United States, often overlooking the distinct characteristics of Alaska. However, as the saying goes, "you can't ignore Alaska, it's *bear-y* special."
Understanding the relationship between property taxes and political preferences is essential for comprehending the intricate interplay of economic factors and voting behavior within the unique context of the Alaskan landscape. It is crucial to uncover whether property tax burdens may influence electoral choices or whether Alaskan voters are simply looking for a *snow-dy* excuse to support the Democratic Party.
In light of the significant impact property taxes have on household finances and budgets, it becomes increasingly pertinent to investigate the potential influence of property tax expenditure on political preferences. One might say, "let's dig through the *snow* of data to find the hidden correlations between property taxes and Democratic votes in the heart of the Arctic tundra."
This study contributes to the literature by shedding light on the association between property tax spending and voting behavior in Alaska, offering a fresh perspective on the underlying factors that shape political alliances in the frosty territory. As we venture into this frigid realm of economic and political analysis, it is our hope that this study will provide essential insights for policymakers and academics alike, delineating the critical link between property taxes and political leanings in the vast, snow-covered expanse of Alaska.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Previous studies have examined the relationship between property taxes and political preferences in various regions of the United States, yet none have ventured into the icy wilderness of Alaska quite like our current investigation. Smith (2010) conducted a seminal analysis on the impact of property tax burdens on voting behavior, though their focus remained on more temperate regions. Similarly, Doe (2015) explored the relationship between household spending on property taxes and political leanings, yet the frigid allure of Alaska eluded their examination.

In "The Property Tax in Alaska" by Jones (2008), the author delves into the historical roots of property taxes in the state, providing a comprehensive overview of the tax burden and its implications on Alaskan residents. However, Jones' work lacks an exploration of the peculiar interplay between property taxes and partisan proclivities.

Turning to non-fiction literary sources, "Tax Policy and the Economy" by Book (2019) offers a meticulous analysis of tax policy, illuminating the intricate connection between fiscal measures and electoral preferences. Additionally, "Alaskan Politics and Government" by Author (2017) provides a comprehensive account of the political landscape in the state, offering invaluable insights into the contextual factors that may influence voting behavior.

Delving into the realm of fiction, "Snow Falling on Cedars" by Guterson (1994) transports readers to the wintry setting of the Pacific Northwest, touching on themes of identity and justice - though regrettably lacking in any significant property tax analyses. Similarly, "The Ice Palace" by Vesaas (1963) offers a chilling narrative set against the backdrop of a Norwegian winter, yet fails to shed light on the tax-related political inclinations of its characters.

In the realm of cinema, the classic film "Frozen" (2013) captures the essence of vast, icy landscapes and hidden depths, though it regrettably omits any insights into property tax expenditures or electoral behaviors. Similarly, "The Revenant" (2015) portrays the hardship of survival in a harsh environment, but offers little in the way of tax-related political analysis.

Now, as we confront the *cold hard facts* of our study, we cannot help but acknowledge the need for a lighthearted perspective on the often dreary world of property tax analysis. After all, what do you call a group of Alaskan voters with a penchant for property tax increases? The "Frozen Democratic Taxpayers"!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on property taxes and Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Labor Statistics and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse . You used data from 2000 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between US household spending on property taxes and the votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska has been a matter of enduring interest. In this study, we sought to shed light on this connection by delving into the comprehensive data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9524958 and p < 0.01 between property tax expenditure and votes cast for the Democratic Presidential nominee from 2000 to 2020 in the frigid terrain of Alaska.

Now, for the *crux* of the matter - our analysis demonstrated a robust and consistent positive relationship between household spending on property taxes and the propensity of Alaskan voters to support the Democratic Presidential candidate. To put it succinctly, as property tax payments increased, so too did the likelihood of casting a ballot for the Democratic contender. It appears that when it comes to property taxes, "taxation without representation" becomes "taxation with liberal inclination" in the Last Frontier.

In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between economic factors and political leanings in the frosty expanse of Alaska. Our findings may have practical implications for policymakers and political analysts aiming to understand the dynamics of electoral preferences within the unique context of property tax burdens. As researchers, we have successfully bridged the gap between property taxes and political preferences, proving that in the great wilderness of Alaska, property taxes may just hold the key to the Democratic heart...or at least the wallet!

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between household spending on property taxes and voting behavior in the United States has long been a topic of interest, with many studies focusing on different states and regions. The state of Alaska, known for its breathtaking landscapes and formidable winters, presents a particularly intriguing case study due to its distinct socioeconomic and political dynamics. The aim of this paper is to unravel the association between property tax expenditure and votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in the expansive wilderness of Alaska. As famed economist and Alaskan enthusiast may say, “it’s time to bring the *cool* factor to property tax analysis in the Last Frontier.”
The connection between property taxes and political inclinations is not a new subject of investigation, but it remains incredibly topical. Previous research has largely concentrated on the continental United States, often overlooking the distinct characteristics of Alaska. However, as the saying goes, "you can't ignore Alaska, it's *bear-y* special."
Understanding the relationship between property taxes and political preferences is essential for comprehending the intricate interplay of economic factors and voting behavior within the unique context of the Alaskan landscape. It is crucial to uncover whether property tax burdens may influence electoral choices or whether Alaskan voters are simply looking for a *snow-dy* excuse to support the Democratic Party.
In light of the significant impact property taxes have on household finances and budgets, it becomes increasingly pertinent to investigate the potential influence of property tax expenditure on political preferences. One might say, "let's dig through the *snow* of data to find the hidden correlations between property taxes and Democratic votes in the heart of the Arctic tundra."
This study contributes to the literature by shedding light on the association between property tax spending and voting behavior in Alaska, offering a fresh perspective on the underlying factors that shape political alliances in the frosty territory. As we venture into this frigid realm of economic and political analysis, it is our hope that this study will provide essential insights for policymakers and academics alike, delineating the critical link between property taxes and political leanings in the vast, snow-covered expanse of Alaska.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the enigmatic connection between US household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska, we employed a meticulous and thorough approach. Our data spanned the years 2000 to 2020, capturing fluctuations in property tax expenditures and electoral outcomes across varied climatic conditions and political landscapes. Our primary data sources included the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse. We selected these sources based on their extensive coverage and credibility, as well as their general lack of *chill* when it comes to data accuracy.

The initial step of our analysis involved collecting data on household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. This process entailed consulting a myriad of spreadsheets, databases, and online archives, prompting our research team to exclaim, "Let's *snow* what we can find in these data fields!"

Next, we undertook the arduous task of data cleaning and preprocessing, eliminating any discrepancies, outliers, or duplicates that could potentially *ice*olate the accuracy of our findings. With meticulous attention to detail, we carefully combed through the data, ensuring that each entry was as pristine as the freshly fallen snow in the Alaskan wilderness.

Following the data preparation phase, we crafted a sophisticated statistical model to analyze the relationship between property tax expenditure and Democratic votes in Alaska. A variety of regression analyses, including ordinary least squares regression and time series modeling, were employed to ascertain the strength and direction of the association between these variables. As we delved into the intricate web of statistical algorithms, we were constantly reminded of the words of wisdom, "In the realm of statistics, let it *snow* significance!"

To bolster the robustness of our findings, we conducted sensitivity analyses and robustness checks to evaluate the stability of the observed relationship across different model specifications. This process involved revisiting our methodological choices and subjecting our results to *Arctic*-caliber scrutiny, ensuring that our conclusions remained steadfast in the face of methodological variations.

In addition, we employed spatial analysis techniques to explore the spatial distribution of property tax expenditure and Democratic votes in Alaska. This allowed us to gain insights into spatial patterns and regional variations, shedding light on the nuances of electoral preferences across the vast expanse of the *snow-capped* state.

Throughout the methodology design, our team remained steadfast in pursuing a rigorous and comprehensive approach, acknowledging that the complexity of the research question demanded careful and systematic analysis. As we waded through the troves of data and navigated the analytical challenges, we were often reminded of the enduring words, "There's *snow*place like the world of research methodology!"

In essence, our methodology was crafted with the utmost precision and attention to detail, ensuring that our analyses would withstand the rigorous scrutiny of the academic community and contribute meaningfully to the understanding of the intricate relationship between property tax expenditure and Democratic votes in the rugged terrain of Alaska.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on property taxes and Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Labor Statistics and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse .

For the time period 2000 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.9524958, r-squared of 0.9072483, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between US household spending on property taxes and the votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska has been a matter of enduring interest. In this study, we sought to shed light on this connection by delving into the comprehensive data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9524958 and p < 0.01 between property tax expenditure and votes cast for the Democratic Presidential nominee from 2000 to 2020 in the frigid terrain of Alaska.

Now, for the *crux* of the matter - our analysis demonstrated a robust and consistent positive relationship between household spending on property taxes and the propensity of Alaskan voters to support the Democratic Presidential candidate. To put it succinctly, as property tax payments increased, so too did the likelihood of casting a ballot for the Democratic contender. It appears that when it comes to property taxes, "taxation without representation" becomes "taxation with liberal inclination" in the Last Frontier.

In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between economic factors and political leanings in the frosty expanse of Alaska. Our findings may have practical implications for policymakers and political analysts aiming to understand the dynamics of electoral preferences within the unique context of property tax burdens. As researchers, we have successfully bridged the gap between property taxes and political preferences, proving that in the great wilderness of Alaska, property taxes may just hold the key to the Democratic heart...or at least the wallet!

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The relationship between household spending on property taxes and voting behavior in the United States has long been a topic of interest, with many studies focusing on different states and regions. The state of Alaska, known for its breathtaking landscapes and formidable winters, presents a particularly intriguing case study due to its distinct socioeconomic and political dynamics. The aim of this paper is to unravel the association between property tax expenditure and votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in the expansive wilderness of Alaska. As famed economist and Alaskan enthusiast may say, “it’s time to bring the *cool* factor to property tax analysis in the Last Frontier.”
The connection between property taxes and political inclinations is not a new subject of investigation, but it remains incredibly topical. Previous research has largely concentrated on the continental United States, often overlooking the distinct characteristics of Alaska. However, as the saying goes, "you can't ignore Alaska, it's *bear-y* special."
Understanding the relationship between property taxes and political preferences is essential for comprehending the intricate interplay of economic factors and voting behavior within the unique context of the Alaskan landscape. It is crucial to uncover whether property tax burdens may influence electoral choices or whether Alaskan voters are simply looking for a *snow-dy* excuse to support the Democratic Party.
In light of the significant impact property taxes have on household finances and budgets, it becomes increasingly pertinent to investigate the potential influence of property tax expenditure on political preferences. One might say, "let's dig through the *snow* of data to find the hidden correlations between property taxes and Democratic votes in the heart of the Arctic tundra."
This study contributes to the literature by shedding light on the association between property tax spending and voting behavior in Alaska, offering a fresh perspective on the underlying factors that shape political alliances in the frosty territory. As we venture into this frigid realm of economic and political analysis, it is our hope that this study will provide essential insights for policymakers and academics alike, delineating the critical link between property taxes and political leanings in the vast, snow-covered expanse of Alaska.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the relationship between US household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska from 2000 to 2020 revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9524958. This correlation indicates a strong positive relationship between property tax expenditure and support for the Democratic Party in the great frontier of Alaska. It seems that in Alaska, as property taxes go up, so does the likelihood of casting a vote for the Democratic candidate. One might say that when it comes to property taxes, the voters’ inclination is as clear as black ice.

The r-squared value of 0.9072483 indicates that approximately 91% of the variation in the votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate can be explained by the variation in household spending on property taxes. This substantial r-squared value underscores the robustness of the relationship identified in the analysis. In other words, it seems that when Alaskans pay property taxes, there’s a *glacier-sized* likelihood they’ll lean towards the Democrats.

The p-value being less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no relationship between property tax expenditure and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska. This suggests that the relationship observed in the data is not due to random chance, but rather represents a significant and consistent pattern over the two-decade period. It seems that in Alaska, one can’t simply "let it go" when it comes to property taxes and their political impact.

The scatterplot (Fig. 1) accompanying these results visually demonstrates the strong positive relationship between US household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. The tightly clustered data points exhibit a clear upward trend, further solidifying the findings of the analysis. One might say that the correlation is as evident as spotting a polar bear in a snowstorm.

In conclusion, the findings of this study unearth a compelling association between property tax expenditure and political preferences in the vast expanse of Alaska. The robust correlation and significant relationship identified in the analysis provide valuable insights into the intricate interplay between economic factors and voting behavior within the unique context of the Last Frontier. It appears that in the icy terrain of Alaska, property taxes may just be the *chilling* agent shaping political allegiances.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on property taxes and Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between US household spending on property taxes and the votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska has been a matter of enduring interest. In this study, we sought to shed light on this connection by delving into the comprehensive data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9524958 and p < 0.01 between property tax expenditure and votes cast for the Democratic Presidential nominee from 2000 to 2020 in the frigid terrain of Alaska.

Now, for the *crux* of the matter - our analysis demonstrated a robust and consistent positive relationship between household spending on property taxes and the propensity of Alaskan voters to support the Democratic Presidential candidate. To put it succinctly, as property tax payments increased, so too did the likelihood of casting a ballot for the Democratic contender. It appears that when it comes to property taxes, "taxation without representation" becomes "taxation with liberal inclination" in the Last Frontier.

In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between economic factors and political leanings in the frosty expanse of Alaska. Our findings may have practical implications for policymakers and political analysts aiming to understand the dynamics of electoral preferences within the unique context of property tax burdens. As researchers, we have successfully bridged the gap between property taxes and political preferences, proving that in the great wilderness of Alaska, property taxes may just hold the key to the Democratic heart...or at least the wallet!

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Previous studies have examined the relationship between property taxes and political preferences in various regions of the United States, yet none have ventured into the icy wilderness of Alaska quite like our current investigation. Smith (2010) conducted a seminal analysis on the impact of property tax burdens on voting behavior, though their focus remained on more temperate regions. Similarly, Doe (2015) explored the relationship between household spending on property taxes and political leanings, yet the frigid allure of Alaska eluded their examination.
In "The Property Tax in Alaska" by Jones (2008), the author delves into the historical roots of property taxes in the state, providing a comprehensive overview of the tax burden and its implications on Alaskan residents. However, Jones' work lacks an exploration of the peculiar interplay between property taxes and partisan proclivities.
Turning to non-fiction literary sources, "Tax Policy and the Economy" by Book (2019) offers a meticulous analysis of tax policy, illuminating the intricate connection between fiscal measures and electoral preferences. Additionally, "Alaskan Politics and Government" by Author (2017) provides a comprehensive account of the political landscape in the state, offering invaluable insights into the contextual factors that may influence voting behavior.
Delving into the realm of fiction, "Snow Falling on Cedars" by Guterson (1994) transports readers to the wintry setting of the Pacific Northwest, touching on themes of identity and justice - though regrettably lacking in any significant property tax analyses. Similarly, "The Ice Palace" by Vesaas (1963) offers a chilling narrative set against the backdrop of a Norwegian winter, yet fails to shed light on the tax-related political inclinations of its characters.
In the realm of cinema, the classic film "Frozen" (2013) captures the essence of vast, icy landscapes and hidden depths, though it regrettably omits any insights into property tax expenditures or electoral behaviors. Similarly, "The Revenant" (2015) portrays the hardship of survival in a harsh environment, but offers little in the way of tax-related political analysis.
Now, as we confront the *cold hard facts* of our study, we cannot help but acknowledge the need for a lighthearted perspective on the often dreary world of property tax analysis. After all, what do you call a group of Alaskan voters with a penchant for property tax increases? The "Frozen Democratic Taxpayers"!

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between US household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska from 2000 to 2020 revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9524958. This correlation indicates a strong positive relationship between property tax expenditure and support for the Democratic Party in the great frontier of Alaska. It seems that in Alaska, as property taxes go up, so does the likelihood of casting a vote for the Democratic candidate. One might say that when it comes to property taxes, the voters’ inclination is as clear as black ice.
The r-squared value of 0.9072483 indicates that approximately 91% of the variation in the votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate can be explained by the variation in household spending on property taxes. This substantial r-squared value underscores the robustness of the relationship identified in the analysis. In other words, it seems that when Alaskans pay property taxes, there’s a *glacier-sized* likelihood they’ll lean towards the Democrats.
The p-value being less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no relationship between property tax expenditure and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska. This suggests that the relationship observed in the data is not due to random chance, but rather represents a significant and consistent pattern over the two-decade period. It seems that in Alaska, one can’t simply "let it go" when it comes to property taxes and their political impact.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) accompanying these results visually demonstrates the strong positive relationship between US household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. The tightly clustered data points exhibit a clear upward trend, further solidifying the findings of the analysis. One might say that the correlation is as evident as spotting a polar bear in a snowstorm.
In conclusion, the findings of this study unearth a compelling association between property tax expenditure and political preferences in the vast expanse of Alaska. The robust correlation and significant relationship identified in the analysis provide valuable insights into the intricate interplay between economic factors and voting behavior within the unique context of the Last Frontier. It appears that in the icy terrain of Alaska, property taxes may just be the *chilling* agent shaping political allegiances.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

In light of our results, it becomes evident that the findings of this study corroborate and extend prior research on the relationship between property taxes and political preferences. As we harken back to the literature review, it is worth noting that Smith (2010) and Doe (2015) may not have ventured into the frigid allure of Alaska, but our analysis supports their observations of a positive link between property tax burdens and voting behavior. Similarly, Jones' (2008) historical analysis of property taxes in Alaska gains relevance in the context of our findings, as we uncover a noteworthy correlation between property tax expenditures and support for the Democratic Party.

Now, let us address the elephant in the room - the *chilling* joke that lingered in the literature review. While our work may seem lighthearted, it underscores the need to approach tax-related political analysis with a degree of levity. After all, what better way to thaw the frost of property tax discussions than with a well-placed pun or two?

Furthermore, our study sheds light on the practical implications of property tax burdens on political leanings. The robust correlation coefficient of 0.9524958 suggests that as property tax payments increase, the likelihood of casting a ballot for the Democratic contender also rises. This aligns with prior research by Book (2019), who delved into the intricate connection between fiscal measures and electoral preferences. In a way, our study serves as a reminder that even in the frosty expanse of Alaska, the wallet may hold the key to unlocking political allegiances.

Adding a layer of nuance, our findings demonstrate that approximately 91% of the variation in the votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska can be explained by the variation in household spending on property taxes. This substantial R-squared value further solidifies our analysis and expands on existing research by providing a quantitative measure of the influence of property tax burdens on voting behavior.

Importantly, the p-value being less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no relationship between property tax expenditure and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska. This aligns with the work of Author (2017), who provided invaluable insights into the contextual factors that may influence voting behavior in the state. In essence, our findings reinforce the notion that in Alaska, property taxes and political preferences are as intertwined as sled dogs in a blizzard.

In summary, our study offers a comprehensive examination of the connection between US household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska. By uncovering a robust and significant relationship between these variables, we have added a new layer of understanding to the intricate interplay between economic factors and political leanings in the frigid expanse of the Last Frontier. While our findings may not thaw the icy wilderness of Alaska, they certainly provide a *cooler* perspective on the connection between property taxes and Democratic elections.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between US household spending on property taxes and Votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between US household spending on property taxes and the votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska has been a matter of enduring interest. In this study, we sought to shed light on this connection by delving into the comprehensive data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9524958 and p < 0.01 between property tax expenditure and votes cast for the Democratic Presidential nominee from 2000 to 2020 in the frigid terrain of Alaska.

Now, for the *crux* of the matter - our analysis demonstrated a robust and consistent positive relationship between household spending on property taxes and the propensity of Alaskan voters to support the Democratic Presidential candidate. To put it succinctly, as property tax payments increased, so too did the likelihood of casting a ballot for the Democratic contender. It appears that when it comes to property taxes, "taxation without representation" becomes "taxation with liberal inclination" in the Last Frontier.

In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between economic factors and political leanings in the frosty expanse of Alaska. Our findings may have practical implications for policymakers and political analysts aiming to understand the dynamics of electoral preferences within the unique context of property tax burdens. As researchers, we have successfully bridged the gap between property taxes and political preferences, proving that in the great wilderness of Alaska, property taxes may just hold the key to the Democratic heart...or at least the wallet!

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The relationship between household spending on property taxes and voting behavior in the United States has long been a topic of interest, with many studies focusing on different states and regions. The state of Alaska, known for its breathtaking landscapes and formidable winters, presents a particularly intriguing case study due to its distinct socioeconomic and political dynamics. The aim of this paper is to unravel the association between property tax expenditure and votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in the expansive wilderness of Alaska. As famed economist and Alaskan enthusiast may say, “it’s time to bring the *cool* factor to property tax analysis in the Last Frontier.”
The connection between property taxes and political inclinations is not a new subject of investigation, but it remains incredibly topical. Previous research has largely concentrated on the continental United States, often overlooking the distinct characteristics of Alaska. However, as the saying goes, "you can't ignore Alaska, it's *bear-y* special."
Understanding the relationship between property taxes and political preferences is essential for comprehending the intricate interplay of economic factors and voting behavior within the unique context of the Alaskan landscape. It is crucial to uncover whether property tax burdens may influence electoral choices or whether Alaskan voters are simply looking for a *snow-dy* excuse to support the Democratic Party.
In light of the significant impact property taxes have on household finances and budgets, it becomes increasingly pertinent to investigate the potential influence of property tax expenditure on political preferences. One might say, "let's dig through the *snow* of data to find the hidden correlations between property taxes and Democratic votes in the heart of the Arctic tundra."
This study contributes to the literature by shedding light on the association between property tax spending and voting behavior in Alaska, offering a fresh perspective on the underlying factors that shape political alliances in the frosty territory. As we venture into this frigid realm of economic and political analysis, it is our hope that this study will provide essential insights for policymakers and academics alike, delineating the critical link between property taxes and political leanings in the vast, snow-covered expanse of Alaska.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between US household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska from 2000 to 2020 revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9524958. This correlation indicates a strong positive relationship between property tax expenditure and support for the Democratic Party in the great frontier of Alaska. It seems that in Alaska, as property taxes go up, so does the likelihood of casting a vote for the Democratic candidate. One might say that when it comes to property taxes, the voters’ inclination is as clear as black ice.
The r-squared value of 0.9072483 indicates that approximately 91% of the variation in the votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate can be explained by the variation in household spending on property taxes. This substantial r-squared value underscores the robustness of the relationship identified in the analysis. In other words, it seems that when Alaskans pay property taxes, there’s a *glacier-sized* likelihood they’ll lean towards the Democrats.
The p-value being less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no relationship between property tax expenditure and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska. This suggests that the relationship observed in the data is not due to random chance, but rather represents a significant and consistent pattern over the two-decade period. It seems that in Alaska, one can’t simply "let it go" when it comes to property taxes and their political impact.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) accompanying these results visually demonstrates the strong positive relationship between US household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska. The tightly clustered data points exhibit a clear upward trend, further solidifying the findings of the analysis. One might say that the correlation is as evident as spotting a polar bear in a snowstorm.
In conclusion, the findings of this study unearth a compelling association between property tax expenditure and political preferences in the vast expanse of Alaska. The robust correlation and significant relationship identified in the analysis provide valuable insights into the intricate interplay between economic factors and voting behavior within the unique context of the Last Frontier. It appears that in the icy terrain of Alaska, property taxes may just be the *chilling* agent shaping political allegiances.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, this study has underscored a strong and consistent positive relationship between US household spending on property taxes and votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in the expansive wilderness of Alaska. Our findings have illuminated the significant influence of property tax burdens on the political inclinations of Alaskan voters, leaving no *ice*olation in the state’s political climate. It appears that in Alaska, as property taxes go up, so does the tendency to cast a ballot for the Democratic contender, confirming that when it comes to property taxes, the voters’ inclination is as clear as black ice.

The results of this analysis hold particular relevance for policymakers and political analysts seeking to comprehend the complex interplay between economic factors and political preferences in the frosty expanse of Alaska. It behooves them to take a figurative "snowplow" through our findings to navigate the implications for future electoral strategies and policy formulations within the Last Frontier.

As researchers, we have successfully delved into the frigid terrain of economic and political analysis, unearthing the influence of property tax expenditure on the Democratic leanings of Alaskan voters. Let’s just say that in this case, the data left us feeling snow-verwhelmed with the clarity of the relationship between property taxes and political allegiances.

With such compelling evidence at hand, it is safe to assert that further research in this area might just be *flaky* at best. The snow has settled on this matter, and it appears that in the great wilderness of Alaska, property taxes may just hold the key to the Democratic heart...or at least the wallet. This work provides a firm foundation for understanding the quirky relationship between property taxes and political preferences, marking the end of this chilly chapter in academic inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Frontier Politics and Property Economics

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Frontier Democracy Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier with an abstract of The relationship between US household spending on property taxes and the votes for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska has been a matter of enduring interest. In this study, we sought to shed light on this connection by delving into the comprehensive data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9524958 and p < 0.01 between property tax expenditure and votes cast for the Democratic Presidential nominee from 2000 to 2020 in the frigid terrain of Alaska.
Now, for the *crux* of the matter - our analysis demonstrated a robust and consistent positive relationship between household spending on property taxes and the propensity of Alaskan voters to support the Democratic Presidential candidate. To put it succinctly, as property tax payments increased, so too did the likelihood of casting a ballot for the Democratic contender. It appears that when it comes to property taxes, "taxation without representation" becomes "taxation with liberal inclination" in the Last Frontier.
In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between economic factors and political leanings in the frosty expanse of Alaska. Our findings may have practical implications for policymakers and political analysts aiming to understand the dynamics of electoral preferences within the unique context of property tax burdens. As researchers, we have successfully bridged the gap between property taxes and political preferences, proving that in the great wilderness of Alaska, property taxes may just hold the key to the Democratic heart...or at least the wallet!

ChatGPT:

property taxes, Democratic Presidential candidate, Alaska, household spending, correlation coefficient, Bureau of Labor Statistics, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, political preferences, electoral preferences, tax expenditure, US elections, property tax burden

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

US household spending on property taxes
Detailed data title: Annual US household spend on property taxes, as a percentage of total household spend
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
See what else correlates with US household spending on property taxes

Votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska
Detailed data title: Percentage of all votes cast for the Democrat Presidential candidate in Alaska
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska

Correlation r = 0.9524958 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.9072483 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 90.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., US household spending on property taxes) over the 6 years from 2000 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.0033.^Show 0.0033313677495299840000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.95 in 0.33% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 300 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 5 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 5 because we have two variables measured over a period of 6 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.62, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020
US household spending on property taxes (Household spend)	2.99382	3.20544	3.48215	3.56907	3.43564	3.83637
Votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska (Percentage of votes)	27.6663	35.5169	37.8894	40.8127	36.5509	42.772

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Very low n: There are not many data points included in this analysis. Even if the p-value is high, we should be suspicious of using so few datapoints in a correlation.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([2.99382,3.20544,3.48215,3.56907,3.43564,3.83637,])
array_2 = np.array([27.6663,35.5169,37.8894,40.8127,36.5509,42.772,])
array_1_name = "US household spending on property taxes"
array_2_name = "Votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
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Line chart for only US household spending on property taxes
Line chart for only Votes for the Democratic Presidential candidate in Alaska
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Taxing Votes: Property Taxes and Democratic Elections in the Great Frontier

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Correlation ID: 5147 · Black Variable ID: 19964 · Red Variable ID: 26052


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