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Spurious correlation #5,609 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for Republican Senators in Iowa and the second variable is Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US.  The chart goes from 2001 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As more Republican Senators were elected in Iowa, there was a greater demand for celebratory confections. This surge in political pastry passion led to an influx of Krispy Kreme stores across the nation, as the company scrambled to meet the unforeseen but politically influential cravings for their delectable doughnuts. It's a classic case of the donut-loving demographic exercising its electoral yeast!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a minimalist brutalist-style map of the United States, with Iowa highlighted in a bold, bright red. Superimpose the map with the distinctive red and green Krispy Kreme Doughnuts signposts, spreading exponentially across the country. The scene should capture the correlation between political victories and the growing presence of the beloved doughnut chain, creating a visually compelling and thought-provoking image. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Votes for Republican Senators in Iowa and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Glitch art Cyberpunk Brutalism Parallax art Woodblock painting
ChatGPT: Brutalism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Votes for Republican Senators in Iowa and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US, in the following situation: As more Republican Senators were elected in Iowa, there was a greater demand for celebratory confections. This surge in political pastry passion led to an influx of Krispy Kreme stores across the nation, as the company scrambled to meet the unforeseen but politically influential cravings for their delectable doughnuts. It's a classic case of the donut-loving demographic exercising its electoral yeast!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: Picture a map of the United States with Iowa highlighted in red to represent the increase in votes for Republican Senators. Superimposed on the map are the iconic red and green Krispy Kreme Doughnuts signposts spreading like wildfire across the country, indicating the growing number of Krispy Kreme stores. The scene captures the correlation between political victories and the expanding presence of the beloved doughnut chain.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Brutalism ] and depicting this scene: Picture a map of the United States with Iowa highlighted in red to represent the increase in votes for Republican Senators. Superimposed on the map are the iconic red and green Krispy Kreme Doughnuts signposts spreading like wildfire across the country, indicating the growing number of Krispy Kreme stores. The scene captures the correlation between political victories and the expanding presence of the beloved doughnut chain. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a minimalist brutalist-style map of the United States, with Iowa highlighted in a bold, bright red. Superimpose the map with the distinctive red and green Krispy Kreme Doughnuts signposts, spreading exponentially across the country. The scene should capture the correlation between political victories and the growing presence of the beloved doughnut chain, creating a visually compelling and thought-provoking image.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Republican votes for Senators in Iowa caused Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US to increase. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.05)
Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation

The International Journal of Doughnut Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Statista to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8531655 and p < 0.05 for 2001 to 2020.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we present the surprising and delectable findings of our research into the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores across the United States. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and Statista, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2001 to 2020. Our investigation revealed a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.8531655, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.05. These results point to a strong association between the two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that perhaps doughnuts and politics are more intertwined than previously believed. We delve into the potential implications, as well as the mouthwatering possibilities, of this unexpected connection, illuminating the lighthearted confluence of electoral preferences and sugary treats.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we present the surprising and delectable findings of our research into the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores across the United States. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and Statista, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2001 to 2020. Our investigation revealed a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.8531655, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.05. These results point to a strong association between the two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that perhaps doughnuts and politics are more intertwined than previously believed. We delve into the potential implications, as well as the mouthwatering possibilities, of this unexpected connection, illuminating the lighthearted confluence of electoral preferences and sugary treats.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

In the renowned words of Winston Churchill, "Donuts are the only non-negotiable item." While certainly a quip attributed to the great statesman, it undeniably captures the universal allure of the delectable, calorie-laden confections that have permeated our modern culinary culture. However, what if these humble circles of joy were not just tantalizing the taste buds but also influencing the political palette of the American electorate? With this thought in mind, we embarked on a clandestine journey into the mysterious realm where electoral politics and fried dough intersect.

Nowadays, the seismic shifts in political power dynamics seem to be accompanied by a more subtle but equally intriguing development: the proliferation of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts across the nation. As the quintessential symbol of fried and frosted indulgence, these doughnut emporiums have expanded their reach, raising eyebrows as well as blood sugar levels. Could there be a secret link between the rise and fall of Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the blossoming or diminishing of the Krispy Kreme empire across the United States? Our curiosity was piqued, and thus, our adventure into the uncharted waters of political pastry analytics began.

Our initial foray into this uncharted territory led us to speculate about the hidden neural pathways linking political predispositions and deep-fried delights. Yes, it was a wild hunch, bordering on the absurd. Nonetheless, as any astute researcher would affirm, the most seemingly preposterous correlations often harbor unexpected nuggets of truth. Thus, armed with data, a dash of skepticism, and a pinch of whimsy, we set out to explore this conundrum, aiming to uncover the unexpected confluence of partisanship and powdered sugar. And so, the curtain rises on our scholarly inquiry into the "Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation."


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we present the surprising and delectable findings of our research into the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores across the United States. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and Statista, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2001 to 2020. Our investigation revealed a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.8531655, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.05. These results point to a strong association between the two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that perhaps doughnuts and politics are more intertwined than previously believed. We delve into the potential implications, as well as the mouthwatering possibilities, of this unexpected connection, illuminating the lighthearted confluence of electoral preferences and sugary treats.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the renowned words of Winston Churchill, "Donuts are the only non-negotiable item." While certainly a quip attributed to the great statesman, it undeniably captures the universal allure of the delectable, calorie-laden confections that have permeated our modern culinary culture. However, what if these humble circles of joy were not just tantalizing the taste buds but also influencing the political palette of the American electorate? With this thought in mind, we embarked on a clandestine journey into the mysterious realm where electoral politics and fried dough intersect.
Nowadays, the seismic shifts in political power dynamics seem to be accompanied by a more subtle but equally intriguing development: the proliferation of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts across the nation. As the quintessential symbol of fried and frosted indulgence, these doughnut emporiums have expanded their reach, raising eyebrows as well as blood sugar levels. Could there be a secret link between the rise and fall of Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the blossoming or diminishing of the Krispy Kreme empire across the United States? Our curiosity was piqued, and thus, our adventure into the uncharted waters of political pastry analytics began.
Our initial foray into this uncharted territory led us to speculate about the hidden neural pathways linking political predispositions and deep-fried delights. Yes, it was a wild hunch, bordering on the absurd. Nonetheless, as any astute researcher would affirm, the most seemingly preposterous correlations often harbor unexpected nuggets of truth. Thus, armed with data, a dash of skepticism, and a pinch of whimsy, we set out to explore this conundrum, aiming to uncover the unexpected confluence of partisanship and powdered sugar. And so, the curtain rises on our scholarly inquiry into the "Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In the realm of unusual correlations, Smith (2010) presents a comprehensive analysis of voter behavior and retail establishments across the United States. While the focus of the study is on the relationship between coffee shops and Democratic voter turnout, the underlying premise of examining the connection between consumer preferences and political inclinations is intriguing. Similarly, Doe (2013) delves into the influence of fast-food restaurant proximity on voter turnout, unraveling a web of associations between convenience and civic engagement.

Expanding beyond the direct scope of electoral behavior, Jones (2015) generously offers a broader perspective on the cultural significance of food franchises in shaping societal values and identity. The intersection of culinary commerce and collective consciousness is thoroughly dissected in this seminal work, providing a nuanced understanding of how consumables can serve as signifiers of ideological proclivities.

Turning to the world of non-fiction, "Fast Food Nation" by Eric Schlosser raises pertinent questions about the societal impact of mass-scale food production and its implications for consumer choice. The profound influence of food conglomerates on public preferences and societal norms is a recurring theme in this thought-provoking exposé. Similarly, Michael Pollan's "The Omnivore's Dilemma" navigates the intricate labyrinth of food culture, illuminating the multifaceted relationships between dietary choices and larger societal narratives. The convergence of food economics and political symbolism is aptly articulated through Pollan's incisive narrative, offering a tantalizing glimpse into the myriad ways in which sustenance intersects with sociopolitical ideologies.

Transitioning to the realm of fiction, the thematic allegory embedded within George Orwell's "Animal Farm" provides a compelling framework for understanding the subtle ways in which food can be wielded as a tool of persuasion and power. The allegorical portrayal of political dynamics on a farm serves as an allegory for wider political structures, sparking contemplation on the nuances of governance and control. Similarly, the whimsical portrayal of culinary delights in Laura Esquivel's "Like Water for Chocolate" invites reflection on the emotive and persuasive potential of cuisine, inviting readers to ponder the transformative power of gastronomic experiences.

Furthermore, cinematic explorations such as "Supersize Me" and "Food, Inc." offer visual testimonies to the pervasive impact of food industries on societal behavior and norms. While these documentaries predominantly focus on the health ramifications of fast food consumption, they inadvertently shed light on the intricate interplay between culinary indulgence and societal values.

As we meld the seemingly divergent domains of political preferences and confectionary cultures, the rich tapestry of interdisciplinary insights serves to underscore the multifaceted relationships that underpin our perceptions of taste, ideology, and perhaps, democrat-DOUGHnuts.

And so, armed with a smorgasbord of literature and a sprinkle of whimsy, we embark on our expedition to unravel the elusive connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the spread of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts across the United States.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Statista . You used data from 2001 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we present the surprising and delectable findings of our research into the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores across the United States. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and Statista, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2001 to 2020. Our investigation revealed a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.8531655, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.05. These results point to a strong association between the two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that perhaps doughnuts and politics are more intertwined than previously believed. We delve into the potential implications, as well as the mouthwatering possibilities, of this unexpected connection, illuminating the lighthearted confluence of electoral preferences and sugary treats.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the renowned words of Winston Churchill, "Donuts are the only non-negotiable item." While certainly a quip attributed to the great statesman, it undeniably captures the universal allure of the delectable, calorie-laden confections that have permeated our modern culinary culture. However, what if these humble circles of joy were not just tantalizing the taste buds but also influencing the political palette of the American electorate? With this thought in mind, we embarked on a clandestine journey into the mysterious realm where electoral politics and fried dough intersect.
Nowadays, the seismic shifts in political power dynamics seem to be accompanied by a more subtle but equally intriguing development: the proliferation of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts across the nation. As the quintessential symbol of fried and frosted indulgence, these doughnut emporiums have expanded their reach, raising eyebrows as well as blood sugar levels. Could there be a secret link between the rise and fall of Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the blossoming or diminishing of the Krispy Kreme empire across the United States? Our curiosity was piqued, and thus, our adventure into the uncharted waters of political pastry analytics began.
Our initial foray into this uncharted territory led us to speculate about the hidden neural pathways linking political predispositions and deep-fried delights. Yes, it was a wild hunch, bordering on the absurd. Nonetheless, as any astute researcher would affirm, the most seemingly preposterous correlations often harbor unexpected nuggets of truth. Thus, armed with data, a dash of skepticism, and a pinch of whimsy, we set out to explore this conundrum, aiming to uncover the unexpected confluence of partisanship and powdered sugar. And so, the curtain rises on our scholarly inquiry into the "Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Upon diving into the abyss of data, we sought to employ a comprehensive and rigorous research strategy to untangle the convoluted web of electoral proclivities and confectionery predilections. Our first task involved wrangling data from multiple sources, primarily the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and Statista. We retrieved data on Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the count of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores across the United States from the years 2001 to 2020.

To ensure the accuracy of our findings, we performed a series of data cleaning processes akin to separating the dough from the hole, eliminating any inconsistencies and duplicates lurking within our datasets. Our team painstakingly sifted through the myriad entries, akin to a baker meticulously sifting flour, to ensure the purity and uniformity of our data.

With our squeaky-clean datasets in hand, we cautiously navigated the labyrinthine landscape of statistics, employing an array of analytical methods to derive meaningful insights. Our statistical analysis encompassed correlation analysis and regression modeling, akin to creating the perfect recipe for a mouthwatering glazed masterpiece. We calculated the correlation coefficient between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores, scrutinizing every decimal place for a glimmer of statistical significance.

For additional layers of scrutiny and assurance, we subjected our findings to robustness checks, akin to the cautious prodding and poking of a pastry to ensure its structural integrity. Sensitivity analysis and robust regression modeling were employed to confirm the resiliency and consistency of our results, as we sought to establish a firm foundation for the seemingly whimsical link between political ideologies and sugary confections.

Ultimately, our methodology encapsulated a harmonious fusion of precise data acquisition, meticulous cleaning, and sophisticated statistical analysis, akin to the delicate interplay of ingredients in a gourmet dessert. Our efforts were imbued with the spirit of scientific inquiry, peppered with a sprinkle of whimsy and a dash of mirth, as we embarked on this quest to illuminate the unexpected convergence of politics and pastry.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Statista .

For the time period 2001 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.8531655, r-squared of 0.7278914, and p < 0.05.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we present the surprising and delectable findings of our research into the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores across the United States. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and Statista, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2001 to 2020. Our investigation revealed a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.8531655, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.05. These results point to a strong association between the two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that perhaps doughnuts and politics are more intertwined than previously believed. We delve into the potential implications, as well as the mouthwatering possibilities, of this unexpected connection, illuminating the lighthearted confluence of electoral preferences and sugary treats.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
In the renowned words of Winston Churchill, "Donuts are the only non-negotiable item." While certainly a quip attributed to the great statesman, it undeniably captures the universal allure of the delectable, calorie-laden confections that have permeated our modern culinary culture. However, what if these humble circles of joy were not just tantalizing the taste buds but also influencing the political palette of the American electorate? With this thought in mind, we embarked on a clandestine journey into the mysterious realm where electoral politics and fried dough intersect.
Nowadays, the seismic shifts in political power dynamics seem to be accompanied by a more subtle but equally intriguing development: the proliferation of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts across the nation. As the quintessential symbol of fried and frosted indulgence, these doughnut emporiums have expanded their reach, raising eyebrows as well as blood sugar levels. Could there be a secret link between the rise and fall of Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the blossoming or diminishing of the Krispy Kreme empire across the United States? Our curiosity was piqued, and thus, our adventure into the uncharted waters of political pastry analytics began.
Our initial foray into this uncharted territory led us to speculate about the hidden neural pathways linking political predispositions and deep-fried delights. Yes, it was a wild hunch, bordering on the absurd. Nonetheless, as any astute researcher would affirm, the most seemingly preposterous correlations often harbor unexpected nuggets of truth. Thus, armed with data, a dash of skepticism, and a pinch of whimsy, we set out to explore this conundrum, aiming to uncover the unexpected confluence of partisanship and powdered sugar. And so, the curtain rises on our scholarly inquiry into the "Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Upon analyzing the data collected from various sources, it became evident that a curious relationship emerged between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the prevalence of Krispy Kreme Doughnut stores in the United States. The correlation coefficient calculated was an astonishing 0.8531655, indicating a strong positive correlation. Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.7278914 suggested that approximately 72.79% of the variability in Republican votes for Senators in Iowa could be explained by the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnut stores. Statistically speaking, this relationship yielded a p-value of less than 0.05, establishing its significance and reinforcing the robustness of the findings.

Of course, it’s always a treat (pun intended) when statistical analysis uncovers unexpected connections and prompts further investigation. The figure (Fig. 1) presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling correlation between the two variables – a visual testament to the surprising affinity between electoral inclinations and delicious, deep-fried delights. Indeed, the plot visually encapsulates the fortuitous alignment of political proclivities and sugary temptations, inviting us to ponder the tantalizing interplay of doughnuts and democracy.

The implications of this correlation are certainly intriguing – perhaps even more thought-provoking than a dozen assorted doughnuts. While it would be premature to make definitive claims about causation, it prompts contemplation about the potential influence of culinary preferences on political leanings, or vice versa. Could it be that amidst the heat of political debates and the sweetness of doughnut glaze, an invisible force is at play, subtly shaping electoral outcomes?

Our findings raise captivating questions and beckon further exploration into the enigmatic ties between electoral behavior and the expansion of delectable doughnut havens. As we navigate this uncharted territory of political pastry analytics, it is clear that the connection between Republican votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts merits continued inquiry, offering a delectable divergence from conventional political analyses.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we present the surprising and delectable findings of our research into the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores across the United States. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and Statista, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2001 to 2020. Our investigation revealed a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.8531655, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.05. These results point to a strong association between the two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that perhaps doughnuts and politics are more intertwined than previously believed. We delve into the potential implications, as well as the mouthwatering possibilities, of this unexpected connection, illuminating the lighthearted confluence of electoral preferences and sugary treats.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In the realm of unusual correlations, Smith (2010) presents a comprehensive analysis of voter behavior and retail establishments across the United States. While the focus of the study is on the relationship between coffee shops and Democratic voter turnout, the underlying premise of examining the connection between consumer preferences and political inclinations is intriguing. Similarly, Doe (2013) delves into the influence of fast-food restaurant proximity on voter turnout, unraveling a web of associations between convenience and civic engagement.
Expanding beyond the direct scope of electoral behavior, Jones (2015) generously offers a broader perspective on the cultural significance of food franchises in shaping societal values and identity. The intersection of culinary commerce and collective consciousness is thoroughly dissected in this seminal work, providing a nuanced understanding of how consumables can serve as signifiers of ideological proclivities.
Turning to the world of non-fiction, "Fast Food Nation" by Eric Schlosser raises pertinent questions about the societal impact of mass-scale food production and its implications for consumer choice. The profound influence of food conglomerates on public preferences and societal norms is a recurring theme in this thought-provoking exposé. Similarly, Michael Pollan's "The Omnivore's Dilemma" navigates the intricate labyrinth of food culture, illuminating the multifaceted relationships between dietary choices and larger societal narratives. The convergence of food economics and political symbolism is aptly articulated through Pollan's incisive narrative, offering a tantalizing glimpse into the myriad ways in which sustenance intersects with sociopolitical ideologies.
Transitioning to the realm of fiction, the thematic allegory embedded within George Orwell's "Animal Farm" provides a compelling framework for understanding the subtle ways in which food can be wielded as a tool of persuasion and power. The allegorical portrayal of political dynamics on a farm serves as an allegory for wider political structures, sparking contemplation on the nuances of governance and control. Similarly, the whimsical portrayal of culinary delights in Laura Esquivel's "Like Water for Chocolate" invites reflection on the emotive and persuasive potential of cuisine, inviting readers to ponder the transformative power of gastronomic experiences.
Furthermore, cinematic explorations such as "Supersize Me" and "Food, Inc." offer visual testimonies to the pervasive impact of food industries on societal behavior and norms. While these documentaries predominantly focus on the health ramifications of fast food consumption, they inadvertently shed light on the intricate interplay between culinary indulgence and societal values.
As we meld the seemingly divergent domains of political preferences and confectionary cultures, the rich tapestry of interdisciplinary insights serves to underscore the multifaceted relationships that underpin our perceptions of taste, ideology, and perhaps, democrat-DOUGHnuts.
And so, armed with a smorgasbord of literature and a sprinkle of whimsy, we embark on our expedition to unravel the elusive connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the spread of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts across the United States.

[[RESULTS]]
Upon analyzing the data collected from various sources, it became evident that a curious relationship emerged between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the prevalence of Krispy Kreme Doughnut stores in the United States. The correlation coefficient calculated was an astonishing 0.8531655, indicating a strong positive correlation. Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.7278914 suggested that approximately 72.79% of the variability in Republican votes for Senators in Iowa could be explained by the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnut stores. Statistically speaking, this relationship yielded a p-value of less than 0.05, establishing its significance and reinforcing the robustness of the findings.
Of course, it’s always a treat (pun intended) when statistical analysis uncovers unexpected connections and prompts further investigation. The figure (Fig. 1) presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling correlation between the two variables – a visual testament to the surprising affinity between electoral inclinations and delicious, deep-fried delights. Indeed, the plot visually encapsulates the fortuitous alignment of political proclivities and sugary temptations, inviting us to ponder the tantalizing interplay of doughnuts and democracy.
The implications of this correlation are certainly intriguing – perhaps even more thought-provoking than a dozen assorted doughnuts. While it would be premature to make definitive claims about causation, it prompts contemplation about the potential influence of culinary preferences on political leanings, or vice versa. Could it be that amidst the heat of political debates and the sweetness of doughnut glaze, an invisible force is at play, subtly shaping electoral outcomes?
Our findings raise captivating questions and beckon further exploration into the enigmatic ties between electoral behavior and the expansion of delectable doughnut havens. As we navigate this uncharted territory of political pastry analytics, it is clear that the connection between Republican votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts merits continued inquiry, offering a delectable divergence from conventional political analyses.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of this research not only confirm, but also enhanced preceding studies that have identified unexpected relationships between culinary consumption and electoral behavior. Our results resonated with the previous work of Smith (2010) exploring voter preferences and retail establishments, albeit diverting from coffee shops to the sugary realm of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts. The remarkably high correlation coefficient we uncovered aligns with Doe's (2013) investigation into the impact of fast-food restaurant proximity on voter turnout. It seems that the savory aroma of doughnuts, much like the enticing scent of coffee, might indeed hold a subtle, yet influential sway over political predilections.

Delving into the broader cultural implications, Jones (2015) touched upon the role of food franchises in shaping societal values, paving the way for our examination of the intersection between electoral choices and sweet sensations. Michael Pollan's "The Omnivore's Dilemma" and Eric Schlosser's "Fast Food Nation" expounded upon the profound influence of food conglomerates on public preferences and norms, setting the stage for our foray into the world of doughnuts and democracy. It’s fascinating to consider the potential symbolic weight of doughnuts in the theater of politics – perhaps they are indeed a form of edible rhetoric that seductively sways voter inclinations, much like the persuasive power of a politician's oratory.

Building on this literary foundation, the allegorical portrayal in George Orwell's "Animal Farm" provides a thought-provoking context for understanding the nuanced connections between food and political dynamics. As we contemplate the allegorical resonance of Doughnut Farm, it becomes clear that the whimsical portrayal of culinary experiences in Laura Esquivel's "Like Water for Chocolate" presents a salient parallel to the emotive potential of doughnuts as a medium for political discourse.

The results of our study support the previously established notion that consumables act as subtle signifiers of ideological proclivities, adding a splash of levity to the otherwise serious landscape of political analysis. The fortuitous alignment of electoral inclinations with the proliferation of Krispy Kreme Doughnut stores serves as a reminder that perhaps politics and pastries are more intertwined than initially perceived.

In conclusion, our findings advocate for a myriad of opportunities for future exploration in the realm of culinary influences on electoral behavior. As we savor the implications of this confectionery correlation, we are poised to uncover the multifaceted relationships that underpin our perceptions of taste, ideology, and perhaps, democrat-DOUGHnuts.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we present the surprising and delectable findings of our research into the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores across the United States. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and Statista, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2001 to 2020. Our investigation revealed a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.8531655, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.05. These results point to a strong association between the two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that perhaps doughnuts and politics are more intertwined than previously believed. We delve into the potential implications, as well as the mouthwatering possibilities, of this unexpected connection, illuminating the lighthearted confluence of electoral preferences and sugary treats.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In the renowned words of Winston Churchill, "Donuts are the only non-negotiable item." While certainly a quip attributed to the great statesman, it undeniably captures the universal allure of the delectable, calorie-laden confections that have permeated our modern culinary culture. However, what if these humble circles of joy were not just tantalizing the taste buds but also influencing the political palette of the American electorate? With this thought in mind, we embarked on a clandestine journey into the mysterious realm where electoral politics and fried dough intersect.
Nowadays, the seismic shifts in political power dynamics seem to be accompanied by a more subtle but equally intriguing development: the proliferation of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts across the nation. As the quintessential symbol of fried and frosted indulgence, these doughnut emporiums have expanded their reach, raising eyebrows as well as blood sugar levels. Could there be a secret link between the rise and fall of Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the blossoming or diminishing of the Krispy Kreme empire across the United States? Our curiosity was piqued, and thus, our adventure into the uncharted waters of political pastry analytics began.
Our initial foray into this uncharted territory led us to speculate about the hidden neural pathways linking political predispositions and deep-fried delights. Yes, it was a wild hunch, bordering on the absurd. Nonetheless, as any astute researcher would affirm, the most seemingly preposterous correlations often harbor unexpected nuggets of truth. Thus, armed with data, a dash of skepticism, and a pinch of whimsy, we set out to explore this conundrum, aiming to uncover the unexpected confluence of partisanship and powdered sugar. And so, the curtain rises on our scholarly inquiry into the "Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation."

[[RESULTS]]
Upon analyzing the data collected from various sources, it became evident that a curious relationship emerged between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the prevalence of Krispy Kreme Doughnut stores in the United States. The correlation coefficient calculated was an astonishing 0.8531655, indicating a strong positive correlation. Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.7278914 suggested that approximately 72.79% of the variability in Republican votes for Senators in Iowa could be explained by the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnut stores. Statistically speaking, this relationship yielded a p-value of less than 0.05, establishing its significance and reinforcing the robustness of the findings.
Of course, it’s always a treat (pun intended) when statistical analysis uncovers unexpected connections and prompts further investigation. The figure (Fig. 1) presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling correlation between the two variables – a visual testament to the surprising affinity between electoral inclinations and delicious, deep-fried delights. Indeed, the plot visually encapsulates the fortuitous alignment of political proclivities and sugary temptations, inviting us to ponder the tantalizing interplay of doughnuts and democracy.
The implications of this correlation are certainly intriguing – perhaps even more thought-provoking than a dozen assorted doughnuts. While it would be premature to make definitive claims about causation, it prompts contemplation about the potential influence of culinary preferences on political leanings, or vice versa. Could it be that amidst the heat of political debates and the sweetness of doughnut glaze, an invisible force is at play, subtly shaping electoral outcomes?
Our findings raise captivating questions and beckon further exploration into the enigmatic ties between electoral behavior and the expansion of delectable doughnut havens. As we navigate this uncharted territory of political pastry analytics, it is clear that the connection between Republican votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts merits continued inquiry, offering a delectable divergence from conventional political analyses.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation has uncovered a tantalizing correlation between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the abundance of Krispy Kreme Doughnut stores across the United States. The statistically significant correlation coefficient and visually compelling scatterplot emphasize the surprising nexus between electoral inclinations and sugary attractions. While our findings offer an undeniably sweet insight into the convoluted labyrinths of political behavior, further research is needed to truly sink our teeth into the doughy depths of this connection. Perhaps future studies could indulge in a more granular examination of specific doughnut flavors or delve into the electoral impact of custard-filled versus glazed varieties. As our exploration of the electoral doughnut conundrum comes to a close, we are left with the irresistible aroma of further scholarly inquiry wafting in the air. It is evident that the allure of sugary confections and political persuasions continues to entice our collective intellectual palate, making it a deliciously fertile ground for future scholarly escapades. Nevertheless, for now, we shall savor the unexpected revelations and whimsical intrigue our research has brought to light and declare that no more research is needed in this area – at least until someone comes up with a study on the connection between waffle consumption and voting patterns.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The International Journal of Doughnut Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Gastronomic Analytics and Political Behavior


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Republican Votes and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts: A Sweet Correlation with an abstract of In this paper, we present the surprising and delectable findings of our research into the connection between Republican votes for Senators in Iowa and the number of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts stores across the United States. Utilizing data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and Statista, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2001 to 2020. Our investigation revealed a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.8531655, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.05. These results point to a strong association between the two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that perhaps doughnuts and politics are more intertwined than previously believed. We delve into the potential implications, as well as the mouthwatering possibilities, of this unexpected connection, illuminating the lighthearted confluence of electoral preferences and sugary treats.

ChatGPT:

Republican votes, Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, correlation, Senators, Iowa, United States, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, Statista, analysis, correlation coefficient, p-value, doughnuts, politics, variables, implications

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Votes for Republican Senators in Iowa
Detailed data title: Total number of votes cast for Federal Republican Senate candidates in Iowa
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for Republican Senators in Iowa

Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US
Source: Statista
See what else correlates with Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US

Correlation r = 0.8531655 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.7278914 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 72.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Votes for Republican Senators in Iowa) over the 6 years from 2001 through 2020.

p < 0.05, which statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.0308. 0.0307576488359990200000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.85 in 3.08% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 33 random variables Which I absolutely did.
with the same 5 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 5 because we have two variables measured over a period of 6 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.14, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
200220042008201020162020
Votes for Republican Senators in Iowa (Total votes)4478921038180560006718215926007864997
Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US (Number of Stores)239393225229307365




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Very low n: There are not many data points included in this analysis. Even if the p-value is high, we should be suspicious of using so few datapoints in a correlation.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([447892,1038180,560006,718215,926007,864997,])
array_2 = np.array([239,393,225,229,307,365,])
array_1_name = "Votes for Republican Senators in Iowa"
array_2_name = "Krispy Kreme Doughnuts store count in the US"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 5609 · Black Variable ID: 26239 · Red Variable ID: 416
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