Spurious correlation #5,742 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air quality in Tallahassee and the second variable is Google searches for 'how to make baby'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air quality in Tallahassee and the second variable is Google searches for 'how to make baby'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The fresher air in Tallahassee led to an increase in outdoor activities, bringing more people together. And as we all know, nothing gets people in the mood like a good ol' nature walk or a romantic picnic in the park. So, thank you, clean air, for playing cupid and reigniting the flames of passion in the capital city! Keep on doing your thing, because Tallahassee might just be the new hotspot for stork sightings.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate a comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s, depicting a lush Tallahassee park filled with families and couples joyously engaging in outdoor activities. People of all ages are seen smiling and laughing as they relish the clean air. In the distance, a group of friends plays volleyball, while a couple takes a leisurely stroll hand in hand. Amidst all this, a discreet couple sits on a checkered picnic blanket, lost in each other's eyes, as an open phone displays search results for "how to make baby" - a subtle nod to the romantic ambiance created by the rejuvenating air. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Surrealism Macabre Macabre A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s Cybernetic art
ChatGPT: A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby', in the following situation: The fresher air in Tallahassee led to an increase in outdoor activities, bringing more people together. And as we all know, nothing gets people in the mood like a good ol' nature walk or a romantic picnic in the park. So, thank you, clean air, for playing cupid and reigniting the flames of passion in the capital city! Keep on doing your thing, because Tallahassee might just be the new hotspot for stork sightings.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a lush Tallahassee park, the air is fresh and pure, as families and couples joyously engage in outdoor activities. People of all ages are seen smiling and laughing as they relish the clean air. In the distance, a group of friends play volleyball, while a couple takes a leisurely stroll hand in hand. Amidst all this, a discreet couple sits on a checkered picnic blanket, lost in each other's eyes, as an open phone displays search results for "how to make baby" - a subtle nod to the romantic ambiance created by the rejuvenating air.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s ] and depicting this scene: In a lush Tallahassee park, the air is fresh and pure, as families and couples joyously engage in outdoor activities. People of all ages are seen smiling and laughing as they relish the clean air. In the distance, a group of friends play volleyball, while a couple takes a leisurely stroll hand in hand. Amidst all this, a discreet couple sits on a checkered picnic blanket, lost in each other's eyes, as an open phone displays search results for "how to make baby" - a subtle nod to the romantic ambiance created by the rejuvenating air. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate a comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s, depicting a lush Tallahassee park filled with families and couples joyously engaging in outdoor activities. People of all ages are seen smiling and laughing as they relish the clean air. In the distance, a group of friends plays volleyball, while a couple takes a leisurely stroll hand in hand. Amidst all this, a discreet couple sits on a checkered picnic blanket, lost in each other's eyes, as an open phone displays search results for "how to make baby" - a subtle nod to the romantic ambiance created by the rejuvenating air.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Air quality in Tallahassee caused how to make baby (Google searches for 'how to make baby') to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

Journal of Environmental Behavior and Internet Trends

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The link between air quality and, let's say, romantic aspirations has always been a topic that floats aimlessly in the scholarly stratosphere. In this study, we embrace this unusual pairing and delve into the connection between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Our aim is to shed light on the curious intertwining of environmental factors and, well, let's call it "baby-making contemplation".

Merging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we navigate through the air quality metrics and the frequency of searches for guidance on the stork's whereabouts. Our findings reveal a correlation coefficient of 0.8251266 and p < 0.01 from the years 2004 to 2023, suggesting a robust relationship that just couldn't be blown away by mere coincidence.

Now, it seems that when the air is polluted, the residents of Tallahassee look to improve their indoor activities... despite foul air! I guess when it's smoggy, romance isn't the only thing that's in the air. Our results nudge us to contemplate if these internet searches are attempts to escape air pollution by, shall we say, increasing indoor air quality in a different way. Looks like the residents in Tallahassee have found their own unique "air purifier".

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the old saying goes, "love is in the air," but what if there's something less than romantic in the air as well? This study presents a lighthearted investigation into the relationship between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. After all, when it comes to matters of the heart, air quality might just have a say in the plot – or at least that's what we're aiming to uncover.
It's no secret that air quality issues have become a pressing concern in many urban areas across the globe. Tallahassee, Florida, with its unique blend of southern charm and scholarly pursuits, has not been exempt from this pattern. However, while some may think clean air is simply for the birds, our research seeks to show that it may have a direct impact on the thoughts of human lovebirds as well.
We've all heard about "newborn smell", but perhaps there's also something to be said for the allure of fresh air as well. This study will aim to bring to light the potential influence of air quality on the amorous inclinations of the Tallahassee populace. As we bring these data together, we might just discover that in Tallahassee, the recipe for romance includes a dash of clean air alongside the usual candlelit dinners and moonlit strolls.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The relationship between environmental factors and human behavior has long been a topic of interest in scholarly research. Smith et al. (2010) found a strong correlation between air pollution and respiratory illnesses, while Doe and Jones (2015) investigated the impact of air quality on mental health. However, little attention has been paid to the potential effects of air quality on, shall we say, matters of a more amorous nature.

In "Book," the authors find a deep-rooted connection between environmental factors and human social behavior, shedding light on the influence of surroundings on interpersonal interactions. Perhaps it's time to consider air quality as not just a matter of public health, but as a potential influencer of private escapades as well. After all, who wouldn't want to breathe in that sweet, sweet oxytocin along with the fresh air?

Turning to the literary world, "The Air We Breathe" by Andrea Barrett and "Breathless" by Dean Koontz explore the significance of the air we inhale and exhale, although they, alas, fail to delve into its potential link to romantic yearnings. However, it's worth noting they provide a breath of fresh air in the world of literature.

On the lighter side, the internet meme "Distracted Boyfriend" drew attention to the unpredictability of human desires and actions, reminding us that sometimes, love – and perhaps internet searches for baby-making tips – can be found in the most unexpected places. Much like a good punchline, the connection between air quality and romantic contemplation is ripe for exploration.

But seriously, folks, our study takes a lighthearted approach to a topic that, while amusing, may have implications for public health and environmental policy. So, sit back, take a deep breath, and let's dive into the unusual connection between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The link between air quality and, let's say, romantic aspirations has always been a topic that floats aimlessly in the scholarly stratosphere. In this study, we embrace this unusual pairing and delve into the connection between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Our aim is to shed light on the curious intertwining of environmental factors and, well, let's call it "baby-making contemplation".

Merging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we navigate through the air quality metrics and the frequency of searches for guidance on the stork's whereabouts. Our findings reveal a correlation coefficient of 0.8251266 and p < 0.01 from the years 2004 to 2023, suggesting a robust relationship that just couldn't be blown away by mere coincidence.

Now, it seems that when the air is polluted, the residents of Tallahassee look to improve their indoor activities... despite foul air! I guess when it's smoggy, romance isn't the only thing that's in the air. Our results nudge us to contemplate if these internet searches are attempts to escape air pollution by, shall we say, increasing indoor air quality in a different way. Looks like the residents in Tallahassee have found their own unique "air purifier".

[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the old saying goes, "love is in the air," but what if there's something less than romantic in the air as well? This study presents a lighthearted investigation into the relationship between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. After all, when it comes to matters of the heart, air quality might just have a say in the plot – or at least that's what we're aiming to uncover.
It's no secret that air quality issues have become a pressing concern in many urban areas across the globe. Tallahassee, Florida, with its unique blend of southern charm and scholarly pursuits, has not been exempt from this pattern. However, while some may think clean air is simply for the birds, our research seeks to show that it may have a direct impact on the thoughts of human lovebirds as well.
We've all heard about "newborn smell", but perhaps there's also something to be said for the allure of fresh air as well. This study will aim to bring to light the potential influence of air quality on the amorous inclinations of the Tallahassee populace. As we bring these data together, we might just discover that in Tallahassee, the recipe for romance includes a dash of clean air alongside the usual candlelit dinners and moonlit strolls.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To embark on this journey into the hazy realms of air quality and internet queries on procreation, we employed a methodology that was as thorough as it was whimsical. First, we obtained air quality data from the Environmental Protection Agency, which included measurements of various pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. These data were collected from air quality monitoring stations in the Tallahassee area, where we uncovered not only the ins and outs of air quality, but also a treasure trove of punny station names. It's safe to say that we had a breath of fresh air while poring over this data.

Next, we turned our attention to Google Trends, a tool that often unveils the curiosity of human behavior in ways we never imagined. We extracted search volume data related to the query 'how to make baby' from 2004 to 2023. It's clear that during these years, the search query saw peaks and valleys reminiscent of the hilly terrain of Tallahassee itself. It seems that while some were busy seeking higher ground, others were on the lookout for nursery rhymes.

The correlation between air quality and "baby-making contemplation" was established using a mathematical model that took into account the time series nature of the data. We performed time series analysis and, much like the delicate dance of courtship, teased out the underlying patterns and connections of the data. The resulting correlation coefficient caused quite a stir among our research team, who were left breathless by the strength of the relationship. It seems that when the air is smoky, the residents of Tallahassee turn to the worldwide web to ponder matters of the heart. Looks like seeking clean air isn't the only thing they're doing online.

Furthermore, to account for potential confounding variables and ensure the soundness of our findings, we conducted robustness checks and sensitivity analyses. We scrutinized various factors such as demographic changes, major local events, and the ever-fluctuating popularity of romantic comedies. It's safe to say that we left no stone unturned, although we did stumble upon a few cheesy romantic movie titles along the way.

In conclusion, through this unorthodox yet enlightening approach, we unraveled the bittersweet symphony of air quality and online yearning for a little bundle of joy. Our methods might have been whimsical, but our findings stand on solid ground. After all, every good research paper needs a breath of fresh air, and a good dad joke or two to keep things light.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends .

For the time period 2004 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.8251266, r-squared of 0.6808339, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The link between air quality and, let's say, romantic aspirations has always been a topic that floats aimlessly in the scholarly stratosphere. In this study, we embrace this unusual pairing and delve into the connection between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Our aim is to shed light on the curious intertwining of environmental factors and, well, let's call it "baby-making contemplation".

Merging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we navigate through the air quality metrics and the frequency of searches for guidance on the stork's whereabouts. Our findings reveal a correlation coefficient of 0.8251266 and p < 0.01 from the years 2004 to 2023, suggesting a robust relationship that just couldn't be blown away by mere coincidence.

Now, it seems that when the air is polluted, the residents of Tallahassee look to improve their indoor activities... despite foul air! I guess when it's smoggy, romance isn't the only thing that's in the air. Our results nudge us to contemplate if these internet searches are attempts to escape air pollution by, shall we say, increasing indoor air quality in a different way. Looks like the residents in Tallahassee have found their own unique "air purifier".

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
As the old saying goes, "love is in the air," but what if there's something less than romantic in the air as well? This study presents a lighthearted investigation into the relationship between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. After all, when it comes to matters of the heart, air quality might just have a say in the plot – or at least that's what we're aiming to uncover.
It's no secret that air quality issues have become a pressing concern in many urban areas across the globe. Tallahassee, Florida, with its unique blend of southern charm and scholarly pursuits, has not been exempt from this pattern. However, while some may think clean air is simply for the birds, our research seeks to show that it may have a direct impact on the thoughts of human lovebirds as well.
We've all heard about "newborn smell", but perhaps there's also something to be said for the allure of fresh air as well. This study will aim to bring to light the potential influence of air quality on the amorous inclinations of the Tallahassee populace. As we bring these data together, we might just discover that in Tallahassee, the recipe for romance includes a dash of clean air alongside the usual candlelit dinners and moonlit strolls.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The data analysis revealed a robust and statistically significant correlation between the air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.8251266, with an r-squared value of 0.6808339, and a p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong relationship between the two variables, indicating that as air quality in Tallahassee fluctuated, so did the frequency of searches related to, ahem, family planning.

It seems that the residents of Tallahassee were not simply "blowing hot air" when it came to their online interests. It's clear that when the air quality took a turn for the worse, there was a noticeable uptick in searches for 'how to make baby'. Perhaps they were looking for a breath of fresh air in more ways than one. One thing's for sure, the air quality seemed to have a bearing on the amorous intentions of the populace.

The scatterplot depicted in Fig. 1 visually illustrates the strong positive relationship between air quality and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to make baby'. The data points closely follow a trendline, affirming the close connection between these seemingly disparate factors.

It's safe to say that in Tallahassee, the phrase "feeling hot, hot, hot" took on a whole new meaning when it came to both the weather and the correlation between air quality and, shall we say, family planning initiatives. This study not only provides valuable insights into the impact of environmental factors on human behavior but also adds a touch of whimsy to the field of air quality research.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The link between air quality and, let's say, romantic aspirations has always been a topic that floats aimlessly in the scholarly stratosphere. In this study, we embrace this unusual pairing and delve into the connection between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Our aim is to shed light on the curious intertwining of environmental factors and, well, let's call it "baby-making contemplation".

Merging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we navigate through the air quality metrics and the frequency of searches for guidance on the stork's whereabouts. Our findings reveal a correlation coefficient of 0.8251266 and p < 0.01 from the years 2004 to 2023, suggesting a robust relationship that just couldn't be blown away by mere coincidence.

Now, it seems that when the air is polluted, the residents of Tallahassee look to improve their indoor activities... despite foul air! I guess when it's smoggy, romance isn't the only thing that's in the air. Our results nudge us to contemplate if these internet searches are attempts to escape air pollution by, shall we say, increasing indoor air quality in a different way. Looks like the residents in Tallahassee have found their own unique "air purifier".

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The relationship between environmental factors and human behavior has long been a topic of interest in scholarly research. Smith et al. (2010) found a strong correlation between air pollution and respiratory illnesses, while Doe and Jones (2015) investigated the impact of air quality on mental health. However, little attention has been paid to the potential effects of air quality on, shall we say, matters of a more amorous nature.
In "Book," the authors find a deep-rooted connection between environmental factors and human social behavior, shedding light on the influence of surroundings on interpersonal interactions. Perhaps it's time to consider air quality as not just a matter of public health, but as a potential influencer of private escapades as well. After all, who wouldn't want to breathe in that sweet, sweet oxytocin along with the fresh air?
Turning to the literary world, "The Air We Breathe" by Andrea Barrett and "Breathless" by Dean Koontz explore the significance of the air we inhale and exhale, although they, alas, fail to delve into its potential link to romantic yearnings. However, it's worth noting they provide a breath of fresh air in the world of literature.
On the lighter side, the internet meme "Distracted Boyfriend" drew attention to the unpredictability of human desires and actions, reminding us that sometimes, love – and perhaps internet searches for baby-making tips – can be found in the most unexpected places. Much like a good punchline, the connection between air quality and romantic contemplation is ripe for exploration.
But seriously, folks, our study takes a lighthearted approach to a topic that, while amusing, may have implications for public health and environmental policy. So, sit back, take a deep breath, and let's dive into the unusual connection between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'.

[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a robust and statistically significant correlation between the air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.8251266, with an r-squared value of 0.6808339, and a p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong relationship between the two variables, indicating that as air quality in Tallahassee fluctuated, so did the frequency of searches related to, ahem, family planning.
It seems that the residents of Tallahassee were not simply "blowing hot air" when it came to their online interests. It's clear that when the air quality took a turn for the worse, there was a noticeable uptick in searches for 'how to make baby'. Perhaps they were looking for a breath of fresh air in more ways than one. One thing's for sure, the air quality seemed to have a bearing on the amorous intentions of the populace.
The scatterplot depicted in Fig. 1 visually illustrates the strong positive relationship between air quality and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to make baby'. The data points closely follow a trendline, affirming the close connection between these seemingly disparate factors.
It's safe to say that in Tallahassee, the phrase "feeling hot, hot, hot" took on a whole new meaning when it came to both the weather and the correlation between air quality and, shall we say, family planning initiatives. This study not only provides valuable insights into the impact of environmental factors on human behavior but also adds a touch of whimsy to the field of air quality research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study set out to explore the curious relationship between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby', and the results undeniably paint a picture of air quality playing a role in the romantic whims and fancies of the local populace. It seems that when the air is less than fresh, the residents turn to alternative means to breathe in a little romance. Call it "air-raising" if you will.

The robust correlation coefficient of 0.8251266 and p < 0.01, as well as the scatterplot in Fig. 1, bear testament to the notion that the air quality fluctuations were mirrored in the frequency of searches related to family planning. It appears that the residents of Tallahassee were not just "blowing smoke" with their online activities – the smoggy air was indeed correlated with an uptick in, let's say, population planning pursuits.

Our findings align with the prior research that has underscored the influence of environmental factors on human behavior. Smith et al. (2010) highlighted the impact of air pollution on physical health, while Doe and Jones (2015) delved into its effects on mental well-being. Our study takes this line of inquiry a step further, illustrating that air quality may not only affect one's lungs and state of mind but also provide a breath of inspiration for matters of the heart. It's like we always say, love can literally take your breath away!

Moreover, our study brings a touch of whimsy to the exploration of air quality, offering a lighthearted perspective that, while entertaining, carries potential implications for public health and environmental policy. It seems that in Tallahassee, a change in the air quality wasn't the only thing that could set hearts aflutter. It's a reminder that when it comes to scholarly research, sometimes a little levity can clear the air, much like a good belly laugh.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The link between air quality and, let's say, romantic aspirations has always been a topic that floats aimlessly in the scholarly stratosphere. In this study, we embrace this unusual pairing and delve into the connection between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Our aim is to shed light on the curious intertwining of environmental factors and, well, let's call it "baby-making contemplation".

Merging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we navigate through the air quality metrics and the frequency of searches for guidance on the stork's whereabouts. Our findings reveal a correlation coefficient of 0.8251266 and p < 0.01 from the years 2004 to 2023, suggesting a robust relationship that just couldn't be blown away by mere coincidence.

Now, it seems that when the air is polluted, the residents of Tallahassee look to improve their indoor activities... despite foul air! I guess when it's smoggy, romance isn't the only thing that's in the air. Our results nudge us to contemplate if these internet searches are attempts to escape air pollution by, shall we say, increasing indoor air quality in a different way. Looks like the residents in Tallahassee have found their own unique "air purifier".

[[INTRDUCTION]]
As the old saying goes, "love is in the air," but what if there's something less than romantic in the air as well? This study presents a lighthearted investigation into the relationship between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. After all, when it comes to matters of the heart, air quality might just have a say in the plot – or at least that's what we're aiming to uncover.
It's no secret that air quality issues have become a pressing concern in many urban areas across the globe. Tallahassee, Florida, with its unique blend of southern charm and scholarly pursuits, has not been exempt from this pattern. However, while some may think clean air is simply for the birds, our research seeks to show that it may have a direct impact on the thoughts of human lovebirds as well.
We've all heard about "newborn smell", but perhaps there's also something to be said for the allure of fresh air as well. This study will aim to bring to light the potential influence of air quality on the amorous inclinations of the Tallahassee populace. As we bring these data together, we might just discover that in Tallahassee, the recipe for romance includes a dash of clean air alongside the usual candlelit dinners and moonlit strolls.

[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a robust and statistically significant correlation between the air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.8251266, with an r-squared value of 0.6808339, and a p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong relationship between the two variables, indicating that as air quality in Tallahassee fluctuated, so did the frequency of searches related to, ahem, family planning.
It seems that the residents of Tallahassee were not simply "blowing hot air" when it came to their online interests. It's clear that when the air quality took a turn for the worse, there was a noticeable uptick in searches for 'how to make baby'. Perhaps they were looking for a breath of fresh air in more ways than one. One thing's for sure, the air quality seemed to have a bearing on the amorous intentions of the populace.
The scatterplot depicted in Fig. 1 visually illustrates the strong positive relationship between air quality and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to make baby'. The data points closely follow a trendline, affirming the close connection between these seemingly disparate factors.
It's safe to say that in Tallahassee, the phrase "feeling hot, hot, hot" took on a whole new meaning when it came to both the weather and the correlation between air quality and, shall we say, family planning initiatives. This study not only provides valuable insights into the impact of environmental factors on human behavior but also adds a touch of whimsy to the field of air quality research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has unequivocally demonstrated the strong correlation between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. It seems that when the air quality is not up to par, the residents of Tallahassee turn to the internet for baby-making inspiration. Talk about turning air pollution into a breath of fresh 'heir'! (Get it? 'Heir' because we're talking about making babies? No? Tough crowd.)

Our findings suggest that there is indeed a robust relationship between these variables, and it's clear that when the air quality goes down, the search interest goes up. It's like the residents are saying, "Can't stand the smog? Let's bring some fog into the bedroom instead!" Okay, maybe they're not saying that out loud, but the data speaks for itself.

The scatterplot in Fig. 1 paints a clear picture of this intriguing connection, with the data points following a trendline as if to say, "Even when the air is hazy, love is never lazy!" Ah, the romance of statistical graphs.

Based on our results, it seems prudent to consider air quality improvement as not only an environmental concern but also a potential driver of, ahem, family expansion. After all, why just purify the air when you can purify the air with... intentions for family growth? (I'll see myself out.)

In light of these illuminating findings, it is safe to say that this study has uncovered a novel dimension of the interplay between environmental factors and human behavior. As for future research directions, well, we'll boldly state: no further investigation is needed in this particular area. The link between air quality and baby-making contemplation in Tallahassee has been thoroughly and, dare I say, delightfully explored.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Environmental Behavior and Internet Trends

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Environmental Health and Internet Behavior

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby' with an abstract of The link between air quality and, let's say, romantic aspirations has always been a topic that floats aimlessly in the scholarly stratosphere. In this study, we embrace this unusual pairing and delve into the connection between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Our aim is to shed light on the curious intertwining of environmental factors and, well, let's call it "baby-making contemplation".
Merging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we navigate through the air quality metrics and the frequency of searches for guidance on the stork's whereabouts. Our findings reveal a correlation coefficient of 0.8251266 and p < 0.01 from the years 2004 to 2023, suggesting a robust relationship that just couldn't be blown away by mere coincidence.
Now, it seems that when the air is polluted, the residents of Tallahassee look to improve their indoor activities... despite foul air! I guess when it's smoggy, romance isn't the only thing that's in the air. Our results nudge us to contemplate if these internet searches are attempts to escape air pollution by, shall we say, increasing indoor air quality in a different way. Looks like the residents in Tallahassee have found their own unique "air purifier".

ChatGPT:

Tallahassee air quality, Google searches, 'how to make baby', environmental factors, air pollution, Tallahassee residents, air quality metrics, romantic aspirations, indoor activities, correlation coefficient, Google Trends, environmental protection agency, air pollution, indoor air quality, pollution, Tallahassee residents, environmental impact, air purifier

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Air quality in Tallahassee
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with good or moderate air quality in Tallahassee, FL
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air quality in Tallahassee

Google searches for 'how to make baby'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'how to make baby' (Worldwide), with quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'how to make baby'

Correlation r = 0.8251266 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.6808339 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 68.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'how to make baby') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air quality in Tallahassee) over the 20 years from 2004 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 7.6E-6.^Show 0.0000075546263598554270000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.83 in 0.00076% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 132,369 random variables^Note You don't actually need 132 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.6, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Air quality in Tallahassee (Good air quality)	95.3552	96.1644	97.5342	93.6986	96.9945	99.1781	99.1781	98.0822	98.9071	99.1781	99.4521	100	99.4536	100	100	99.726	99.1803	100	100	100
Google searches for 'how to make baby' (Rel. search volume)	20.3333	18.5	23.0833	27.0833	34.8333	44.3333	55	60.4167	73	79.9167	83.75	84.8333	85.0833	84.5	77.0833	72.8333	78.5833	69.0833	66.1667	62.2222

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([95.3552,96.1644,97.5342,93.6986,96.9945,99.1781,99.1781,98.0822,98.9071,99.1781,99.4521,100,99.4536,100,100,99.726,99.1803,100,100,100,])
array_2 = np.array([20.3333,18.5,23.0833,27.0833,34.8333,44.3333,55,60.4167,73,79.9167,83.75,84.8333,85.0833,84.5,77.0833,72.8333,78.5833,69.0833,66.1667,62.2222,])
array_1_name = "Air quality in Tallahassee"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'how to make baby'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Air quality in Tallahassee
Line chart for only Google searches for 'how to make baby'
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Breathin' in Tallahassee: Air Quality and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

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Correlation ID: 5742 · Black Variable ID: 21328 · Red Variable ID: 1497


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