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Spurious correlation #1,292 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is xkcd comics published about maps and the second variable is Cummins' stock price (CMI).  The chart goes from 2008 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the number of xkcd comics about maps increased, more people became interested in cartography, leading to a surge in demand for custom maps. This, in turn, boosted the sales of GPS and navigation systems, such as those produced by Cummins Inc. As the saying goes, "The map to financial success is often drawn with xkcd markers."

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate a psychedelic style image that depicts a group of people standing in front of a bookstore, eagerly holding xkcd comics. As they read the comics, their facial expressions light up with amusement, and they are seen pointing at different parts of the maps and chuckling. In the background, a stock price ticker indicates an upward trend, and a group of stock traders are celebrating as they realize the connection between the comics and the surge in stock prices. The scene captures the idea of more people appreciating the humor in the maps comics, leading to a positive impact on the company's stock price. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the situation described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here is a situation: Because as xkcd maps comics increased, more people saw the world from a Cummins-ical perspective, leading to a rise in stock price as they realized the engine of their financial success was fueled by the power of cartographic comedy.. Given that situation, which of the following image descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand and the tone of the explanation. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Art nouveau Brutalism Scalar art Psychedelic Cyber folk
ChatGPT: Psychedelic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated and the explanation described. Do not reference graphs or charts; describe physical objects.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that depicts the following situation. Keep the description simple. Because as xkcd maps comics increased, more people saw the world from a Cummins-ical perspective, leading to a rise in stock price as they realized the engine of their financial success was fueled by the power of cartographic comedy.
ChatGPT: In this scene, we see a line of people standing outside a bookstore, eagerly holding xkcd maps comics in their hands. As they read the comics, their expressions light up with amusement, and we can see them pointing at different parts of the maps and chuckling. Meanwhile, in the background, the stock price ticker shows an upward trend, and a group of stock traders are celebrating as they realize the connection between the popularity of the comics and the surge in stock prices. The scene captures the idea of more people appreciating the humor in the maps comics, leading to a positive impact on the company's stock price.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Psychedelic ] and depicting this scene: In this scene, we see a line of people standing outside a bookstore, eagerly holding xkcd maps comics in their hands. As they read the comics, their expressions light up with amusement, and we can see them pointing at different parts of the maps and chuckling. Meanwhile, in the background, the stock price ticker shows an upward trend, and a group of stock traders are celebrating as they realize the connection between the popularity of the comics and the surge in stock prices. The scene captures the idea of more people appreciating the humor in the maps comics, leading to a positive impact on the company's stock price. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate a psychedelic style image that depicts a group of people standing in front of a bookstore, eagerly holding xkcd comics. As they read the comics, their facial expressions light up with amusement, and they are seen pointing at different parts of the maps and chuckling. In the background, a stock price ticker indicates an upward trend, and a group of stock traders are celebrating as they realize the connection between the comics and the surge in stock prices. The scene captures the idea of more people appreciating the humor in the maps comics, leading to a positive impact on the company's stock price.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in xkcd comics published about maps caused Cummins' stock price (CMI) to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance

Journal of Cartographic Comedy

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between xkcd comics published about maps and Cummins' stock price (CMI). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from AI analysis of xkcd comics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and p < 0.01 for 2008 to 2023.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we employ quantitative methods to investigate the fascinating yet underexplored relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and the stock performance of Cummins Inc. (CMI). Drawing on data from the xkcd comic series and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team conducted a rigorous analysis from 2008 to 2023, aiming to identify potential predictive patterns or mere serendipitous correlations.

The results revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical relationship between the publication of xkcd comics on maps and fluctuations in Cummins' stock price. While causation does not imply correlation, the intriguing findings prompt further investigation into the impact of whimsical cartographical musings on market dynamics.

This study not only sheds light on the potential influence of offbeat humor on financial performance but also provides a testament to the multifaceted nature of data analytics. After all, in the ever-enigmatic realm of finance, perhaps it's not only about reading the signs but also deciphering the whimsical maps along the way. The implications of our findings extend beyond the boundaries of traditional financial analysis, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking perspective on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between xkcd comics published about maps and Cummins' stock price (CMI). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we employ quantitative methods to investigate the fascinating yet underexplored relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and the stock performance of Cummins Inc. (CMI). Drawing on data from the xkcd comic series and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team conducted a rigorous analysis from 2008 to 2023, aiming to identify potential predictive patterns or mere serendipitous correlations.

The results revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical relationship between the publication of xkcd comics on maps and fluctuations in Cummins' stock price. While causation does not imply correlation, the intriguing findings prompt further investigation into the impact of whimsical cartographical musings on market dynamics.

This study not only sheds light on the potential influence of offbeat humor on financial performance but also provides a testament to the multifaceted nature of data analytics. After all, in the ever-enigmatic realm of finance, perhaps it's not only about reading the signs but also deciphering the whimsical maps along the way. The implications of our findings extend beyond the boundaries of traditional financial analysis, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking perspective on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The intersection of finance and pop culture has always been an intriguing subject of inquiry. In recent years, the proliferation of online comics has sparked curiosity about their potential influence on market dynamics. Enter xkcd: a webcomic created by Randall Munroe known for its witty, erudite, and often whimsical commentary on an array of topics. Among its myriad themes, the series has occasionally delved into the world of maps, presenting a captivating opportunity to explore the uncharted terrain of the relationship between comic musings and stock market performance.

Cummins Inc. (CMI), a global powerhouse in the manufacturing of engines and related technologies, stands as a compelling case study due to its firm foothold in the industrials sector. As our research team embarked on this unusual odyssey of investigating the possible link between xkcd comics featuring maps and Cummins' stock price, we sought to decipher whether the whimsical meanderings of xkcd's geographic renderings could tangibly impact the intricate dance of market movements.

Unraveling the enigma of how seemingly disparate realms – humoristic map illustrations and financial markets – could intertwine is no small feat. Nevertheless, armed with robust statistical tools and a penchant for unconventional inquiry, we navigated the landscape of data with a keen eye for elucidating patterns that may, on the surface, appear nothing more than pure happenstance.

With the backdrop set for this intriguing expedition, we embarked on an empirical foray that aimed to not only uncover potential correlations between xkcd's satire-laden cartography and Cummins' stock performance but also to challenge conventional wisdom about the sources of market movements. As we delved into the data spanning 2008 to 2023, we eagerly anticipated uncovering any semblance of coherence in this seemingly whimsical juxtaposition.

In the following sections, we systematically present our findings and the methodological intricacies underpinning this offbeat yet thought-provoking inquiry. Prepare to chart a course through statistical analyses, financial time series, and comedic quips as we endeavor to unearth the hidden connections between the wry world of xkcd comics and the ebbs and flows of Cummins' stock price. Let the journey commence, for we venture into uncharted territory where the arcane mysteries of finance and the romping wit of webcomics intersect.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between xkcd comics published about maps and Cummins' stock price (CMI). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we employ quantitative methods to investigate the fascinating yet underexplored relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and the stock performance of Cummins Inc. (CMI). Drawing on data from the xkcd comic series and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team conducted a rigorous analysis from 2008 to 2023, aiming to identify potential predictive patterns or mere serendipitous correlations.

The results revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical relationship between the publication of xkcd comics on maps and fluctuations in Cummins' stock price. While causation does not imply correlation, the intriguing findings prompt further investigation into the impact of whimsical cartographical musings on market dynamics.

This study not only sheds light on the potential influence of offbeat humor on financial performance but also provides a testament to the multifaceted nature of data analytics. After all, in the ever-enigmatic realm of finance, perhaps it's not only about reading the signs but also deciphering the whimsical maps along the way. The implications of our findings extend beyond the boundaries of traditional financial analysis, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking perspective on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of finance and pop culture has always been an intriguing subject of inquiry. In recent years, the proliferation of online comics has sparked curiosity about their potential influence on market dynamics. Enter xkcd: a webcomic created by Randall Munroe known for its witty, erudite, and often whimsical commentary on an array of topics. Among its myriad themes, the series has occasionally delved into the world of maps, presenting a captivating opportunity to explore the uncharted terrain of the relationship between comic musings and stock market performance.
Cummins Inc. (CMI), a global powerhouse in the manufacturing of engines and related technologies, stands as a compelling case study due to its firm foothold in the industrials sector. As our research team embarked on this unusual odyssey of investigating the possible link between xkcd comics featuring maps and Cummins' stock price, we sought to decipher whether the whimsical meanderings of xkcd's geographic renderings could tangibly impact the intricate dance of market movements.
Unraveling the enigma of how seemingly disparate realms – humoristic map illustrations and financial markets – could intertwine is no small feat. Nevertheless, armed with robust statistical tools and a penchant for unconventional inquiry, we navigated the landscape of data with a keen eye for elucidating patterns that may, on the surface, appear nothing more than pure happenstance.
With the backdrop set for this intriguing expedition, we embarked on an empirical foray that aimed to not only uncover potential correlations between xkcd's satire-laden cartography and Cummins' stock performance but also to challenge conventional wisdom about the sources of market movements. As we delved into the data spanning 2008 to 2023, we eagerly anticipated uncovering any semblance of coherence in this seemingly whimsical juxtaposition.
In the following sections, we systematically present our findings and the methodological intricacies underpinning this offbeat yet thought-provoking inquiry. Prepare to chart a course through statistical analyses, financial time series, and comedic quips as we endeavor to unearth the hidden connections between the wry world of xkcd comics and the ebbs and flows of Cummins' stock price. Let the journey commence, for we venture into uncharted territory where the arcane mysteries of finance and the romping wit of webcomics intersect.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The body of research investigating the intersection of popular culture, financial markets, and whimsical musings is notably sparse. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, several empirical studies have set the stage for this unconventional inquiry. Smith et al. (2015) examined the impact of internet memes on consumer behavior, offering insights into the potential influence of humorous online content on economic choices. Conversely, Doe and Jones (2018) delved into the psychological underpinnings of humor perception and its ramifications for decision-making, laying the groundwork for understanding the subtle yet pervasive effects of lighthearted stimuli in serious contexts.

As we delve into this unconventional line of inquiry, it is prudent to acknowledge the potential relevance of literature from parallel domains. In "Cartographic Empires: A Historical Analysis," the authors expound on the societal imprints of cartography, offering a historical perspective that may subtly inform the present investigation. Similarly, the work of "Mapping Minds: Neuroscientific Explorations" presents a non-traditional lens through which to contemplate the intricate interplay of cognitive processes and geographical representations.

Moving beyond the realm of non-fiction, fictional narratives have also long woven threads of geographical intrigue into their tapestries. "The Mapmaker's Daughter" and "The Cartographer's Secret" are examples of literary works that, while fictional, may harbor subtle insights into the enigmatic relationship between maps and human endeavors. Furthermore, drawing inspiration from the realm of board games, the classic title "Risk" stands as a testament to the strategic import placed on territorial delineations, thereby sparking ruminations on the metaphoric implications for financial maneuvering.

As the scholarly landscape making direct overtures to the whimsical world of xkcd comics remains sparse, the present inquiry ventures into uncharted terrain, aiming to synthesize insights across disparate domains. This literature review sets the stage for a curious expedition into the entangled realms of humor, finance, and cartographic musings, paving the way for a whimsical juxtaposition that promises to evoke scholarly amusement while provoking thoughtful contemplation.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between xkcd comics published about maps and Cummins' stock price (CMI). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from AI analysis of xkcd comics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2008 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we employ quantitative methods to investigate the fascinating yet underexplored relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and the stock performance of Cummins Inc. (CMI). Drawing on data from the xkcd comic series and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team conducted a rigorous analysis from 2008 to 2023, aiming to identify potential predictive patterns or mere serendipitous correlations.

The results revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical relationship between the publication of xkcd comics on maps and fluctuations in Cummins' stock price. While causation does not imply correlation, the intriguing findings prompt further investigation into the impact of whimsical cartographical musings on market dynamics.

This study not only sheds light on the potential influence of offbeat humor on financial performance but also provides a testament to the multifaceted nature of data analytics. After all, in the ever-enigmatic realm of finance, perhaps it's not only about reading the signs but also deciphering the whimsical maps along the way. The implications of our findings extend beyond the boundaries of traditional financial analysis, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking perspective on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of finance and pop culture has always been an intriguing subject of inquiry. In recent years, the proliferation of online comics has sparked curiosity about their potential influence on market dynamics. Enter xkcd: a webcomic created by Randall Munroe known for its witty, erudite, and often whimsical commentary on an array of topics. Among its myriad themes, the series has occasionally delved into the world of maps, presenting a captivating opportunity to explore the uncharted terrain of the relationship between comic musings and stock market performance.
Cummins Inc. (CMI), a global powerhouse in the manufacturing of engines and related technologies, stands as a compelling case study due to its firm foothold in the industrials sector. As our research team embarked on this unusual odyssey of investigating the possible link between xkcd comics featuring maps and Cummins' stock price, we sought to decipher whether the whimsical meanderings of xkcd's geographic renderings could tangibly impact the intricate dance of market movements.
Unraveling the enigma of how seemingly disparate realms – humoristic map illustrations and financial markets – could intertwine is no small feat. Nevertheless, armed with robust statistical tools and a penchant for unconventional inquiry, we navigated the landscape of data with a keen eye for elucidating patterns that may, on the surface, appear nothing more than pure happenstance.
With the backdrop set for this intriguing expedition, we embarked on an empirical foray that aimed to not only uncover potential correlations between xkcd's satire-laden cartography and Cummins' stock performance but also to challenge conventional wisdom about the sources of market movements. As we delved into the data spanning 2008 to 2023, we eagerly anticipated uncovering any semblance of coherence in this seemingly whimsical juxtaposition.
In the following sections, we systematically present our findings and the methodological intricacies underpinning this offbeat yet thought-provoking inquiry. Prepare to chart a course through statistical analyses, financial time series, and comedic quips as we endeavor to unearth the hidden connections between the wry world of xkcd comics and the ebbs and flows of Cummins' stock price. Let the journey commence, for we venture into uncharted territory where the arcane mysteries of finance and the romping wit of webcomics intersect.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

In order to untangle the enigmatic relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and Cummins' stock performance, our research team devised a multifaceted methodology that combines quantitative analysis, machine learning, and a sprinkle of whimsy. The first step in our approach involved exhaustively scouring the digital landscape for all xkcd comics related to maps, using advanced AI techniques to identify and categorize these comic gems. This meticulous curation process ensured that no wry geographic musings eluded our scrutiny, as we aimed to capture the full spectrum of xkcd's cartographical wit.

Simultaneously, we harnessed the power of LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to source comprehensive data on Cummins' stock price movements from 2008 to 2023. Leveraging financial time series analysis, we meticulously examined the intraday fluctuations and long-term trends in CMI's stock performance, mindful of the ever-shifting tides of market dynamics. Our use of such extensive temporal data not only enshrines the rigor of our approach but also adds a touch of temporal context, aligning the ebbs and flows of financial markets with the playful timbre of xkcd's illustrations.

To unravel the potential links between the publication of xkcd map comics and Cummins' stock price movements, we employed advanced statistical techniques, including correlation analysis, time series modeling, and volatility forecasting. The application of these sophisticated methodologies allowed us to extract underlying patterns and discern any semblance of coherence amid the seemingly whimsical juxtaposition of comics and financial markets. It should be noted that our statistical analyses were conducted with the utmost precision and rigor, sparing no lighthearted quip or capricious jest in our tireless pursuit of empirical truth.

Furthermore, we harnessed the transformative power of machine learning algorithms to scrutinize the nuanced interplay between xkcd comics and market dynamics. Through the deployment of sentiment analysis and natural language processing, we sought to discern any hidden signals embedded within the textual content of xkcd map comics that might portend market movements. This innovative approach not only demonstrates the seamless fusion of data science and humoristic inquiry but also infuses a dash of speculative whimsy into our analytical framework.

In parallel, we conducted event studies to investigate potential market reactions following the publication of specific xkcd map comics. This meticulous examination of market response aimed to illuminate any transient ripples that emanated from the whimsical landscapes of xkcd's geographic interpretations, shedding light on the real-time impact, if any, of comic-induced mirth on CMI's stock price movements.

In sum, our methodology embodies a harmonious blend of analytical precision, technological innovation, and a dash of waggish charm, underscoring our steadfast commitment to unraveling the interplay between xkcd comic musings and market phenomena. This comprehensive and meticulously designed methodology stands as a testament to the spirited fusion of empirical rigor and enigmatic inquiry that defines our unconventional quest.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between xkcd comics published about maps and Cummins' stock price (CMI). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from AI analysis of xkcd comics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2008 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.7714978, r-squared of 0.5952088, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we employ quantitative methods to investigate the fascinating yet underexplored relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and the stock performance of Cummins Inc. (CMI). Drawing on data from the xkcd comic series and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team conducted a rigorous analysis from 2008 to 2023, aiming to identify potential predictive patterns or mere serendipitous correlations.

The results revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical relationship between the publication of xkcd comics on maps and fluctuations in Cummins' stock price. While causation does not imply correlation, the intriguing findings prompt further investigation into the impact of whimsical cartographical musings on market dynamics.

This study not only sheds light on the potential influence of offbeat humor on financial performance but also provides a testament to the multifaceted nature of data analytics. After all, in the ever-enigmatic realm of finance, perhaps it's not only about reading the signs but also deciphering the whimsical maps along the way. The implications of our findings extend beyond the boundaries of traditional financial analysis, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking perspective on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The intersection of finance and pop culture has always been an intriguing subject of inquiry. In recent years, the proliferation of online comics has sparked curiosity about their potential influence on market dynamics. Enter xkcd: a webcomic created by Randall Munroe known for its witty, erudite, and often whimsical commentary on an array of topics. Among its myriad themes, the series has occasionally delved into the world of maps, presenting a captivating opportunity to explore the uncharted terrain of the relationship between comic musings and stock market performance.
Cummins Inc. (CMI), a global powerhouse in the manufacturing of engines and related technologies, stands as a compelling case study due to its firm foothold in the industrials sector. As our research team embarked on this unusual odyssey of investigating the possible link between xkcd comics featuring maps and Cummins' stock price, we sought to decipher whether the whimsical meanderings of xkcd's geographic renderings could tangibly impact the intricate dance of market movements.
Unraveling the enigma of how seemingly disparate realms – humoristic map illustrations and financial markets – could intertwine is no small feat. Nevertheless, armed with robust statistical tools and a penchant for unconventional inquiry, we navigated the landscape of data with a keen eye for elucidating patterns that may, on the surface, appear nothing more than pure happenstance.
With the backdrop set for this intriguing expedition, we embarked on an empirical foray that aimed to not only uncover potential correlations between xkcd's satire-laden cartography and Cummins' stock performance but also to challenge conventional wisdom about the sources of market movements. As we delved into the data spanning 2008 to 2023, we eagerly anticipated uncovering any semblance of coherence in this seemingly whimsical juxtaposition.
In the following sections, we systematically present our findings and the methodological intricacies underpinning this offbeat yet thought-provoking inquiry. Prepare to chart a course through statistical analyses, financial time series, and comedic quips as we endeavor to unearth the hidden connections between the wry world of xkcd comics and the ebbs and flows of Cummins' stock price. Let the journey commence, for we venture into uncharted territory where the arcane mysteries of finance and the romping wit of webcomics intersect.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The quantitative analysis of the relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and Cummins' Inc. (CMI) stock performance from 2008 to 2023 unveiled intriguing insights. The correlation coefficient, a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the two variables, was found to be 0.7714978, suggesting a strong positive correlation. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) stood at 0.5952088, indicating that approximately 59.52% of the variability in Cummins' stock price can be explained by variations in the publication of xkcd comics relating to maps.

The p-value, a critical indicator of the statistical significance of the correlation, was less than 0.01, providing compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no correlation. In simpler terms, the likelihood of observing such a strong relationship between xkcd comics on maps and Cummins' stock price by mere chance is less than 1 in 100, reinforcing the robustness of the observed correlation.

Figure 1 displays a scatterplot illustrating the pronounced positive relationship between the frequency of xkcd comics on maps and the corresponding movements in Cummins' stock price. The data points are clustered tightly around an upward sloping trendline, visually underscoring the notable association between the two variables.

The notable statistical correlation between the whimsical musings of xkcd on geography and the fluctuations in Cummins' stock price beckons further reflection on the potential influence of comic whimsy on market dynamics. This improbable yet tantalizing relationship opens a playful avenue of exploration in the enigmatic domain of finance, challenging conventional expectations and inviting a respite of curiosity.

Through the lens of quantitative analysis and a touch of lightheartedness, this study offers a distinctive perspective on the interplay between the unconventional content of webcomics and the intricate choreography of stock market performance. As we navigate this quirky juncture of whimsy and finance, the implications of our findings cascade into uncharted territories, suggesting that perhaps, in the realm of finance, there's room for a bit of cartographical jest.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between xkcd comics published about maps and Cummins' stock price (CMI). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we employ quantitative methods to investigate the fascinating yet underexplored relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and the stock performance of Cummins Inc. (CMI). Drawing on data from the xkcd comic series and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team conducted a rigorous analysis from 2008 to 2023, aiming to identify potential predictive patterns or mere serendipitous correlations.

The results revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical relationship between the publication of xkcd comics on maps and fluctuations in Cummins' stock price. While causation does not imply correlation, the intriguing findings prompt further investigation into the impact of whimsical cartographical musings on market dynamics.

This study not only sheds light on the potential influence of offbeat humor on financial performance but also provides a testament to the multifaceted nature of data analytics. After all, in the ever-enigmatic realm of finance, perhaps it's not only about reading the signs but also deciphering the whimsical maps along the way. The implications of our findings extend beyond the boundaries of traditional financial analysis, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking perspective on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The body of research investigating the intersection of popular culture, financial markets, and whimsical musings is notably sparse. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, several empirical studies have set the stage for this unconventional inquiry. Smith et al. (2015) examined the impact of internet memes on consumer behavior, offering insights into the potential influence of humorous online content on economic choices. Conversely, Doe and Jones (2018) delved into the psychological underpinnings of humor perception and its ramifications for decision-making, laying the groundwork for understanding the subtle yet pervasive effects of lighthearted stimuli in serious contexts.
As we delve into this unconventional line of inquiry, it is prudent to acknowledge the potential relevance of literature from parallel domains. In "Cartographic Empires: A Historical Analysis," the authors expound on the societal imprints of cartography, offering a historical perspective that may subtly inform the present investigation. Similarly, the work of "Mapping Minds: Neuroscientific Explorations" presents a non-traditional lens through which to contemplate the intricate interplay of cognitive processes and geographical representations.
Moving beyond the realm of non-fiction, fictional narratives have also long woven threads of geographical intrigue into their tapestries. "The Mapmaker's Daughter" and "The Cartographer's Secret" are examples of literary works that, while fictional, may harbor subtle insights into the enigmatic relationship between maps and human endeavors. Furthermore, drawing inspiration from the realm of board games, the classic title "Risk" stands as a testament to the strategic import placed on territorial delineations, thereby sparking ruminations on the metaphoric implications for financial maneuvering.
As the scholarly landscape making direct overtures to the whimsical world of xkcd comics remains sparse, the present inquiry ventures into uncharted terrain, aiming to synthesize insights across disparate domains. This literature review sets the stage for a curious expedition into the entangled realms of humor, finance, and cartographic musings, paving the way for a whimsical juxtaposition that promises to evoke scholarly amusement while provoking thoughtful contemplation.

[[RESULTS]]
The quantitative analysis of the relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and Cummins' Inc. (CMI) stock performance from 2008 to 2023 unveiled intriguing insights. The correlation coefficient, a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the two variables, was found to be 0.7714978, suggesting a strong positive correlation. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) stood at 0.5952088, indicating that approximately 59.52% of the variability in Cummins' stock price can be explained by variations in the publication of xkcd comics relating to maps.
The p-value, a critical indicator of the statistical significance of the correlation, was less than 0.01, providing compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no correlation. In simpler terms, the likelihood of observing such a strong relationship between xkcd comics on maps and Cummins' stock price by mere chance is less than 1 in 100, reinforcing the robustness of the observed correlation.
Figure 1 displays a scatterplot illustrating the pronounced positive relationship between the frequency of xkcd comics on maps and the corresponding movements in Cummins' stock price. The data points are clustered tightly around an upward sloping trendline, visually underscoring the notable association between the two variables.
The notable statistical correlation between the whimsical musings of xkcd on geography and the fluctuations in Cummins' stock price beckons further reflection on the potential influence of comic whimsy on market dynamics. This improbable yet tantalizing relationship opens a playful avenue of exploration in the enigmatic domain of finance, challenging conventional expectations and inviting a respite of curiosity.
Through the lens of quantitative analysis and a touch of lightheartedness, this study offers a distinctive perspective on the interplay between the unconventional content of webcomics and the intricate choreography of stock market performance. As we navigate this quirky juncture of whimsy and finance, the implications of our findings cascade into uncharted territories, suggesting that perhaps, in the realm of finance, there's room for a bit of cartographical jest.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The profound, if unexpected, correlation between the publication of xkcd comics featuring maps and the stock performance of Cummins Inc. (CMI) raises intriguing questions about the potential impact of offbeat humor on market dynamics. Our findings not only bolster existing literature but also add a whimsical yet thought-provoking layer to the exploration of financial market behavior.

Our discovery echoes the work of Smith et al. (2015), who illuminated the influence of humorous online content on economic choices. Could it be that the whimsical musings in xkcd comics have a similar effect on investor sentiment and decision-making? It is an amusing prospect, but one that warrants further investigation. In the realm of humor perception, as explored by Doe and Jones (2018), the subtle yet pervasive effects of lighthearted stimuli in serious contexts come into focus. Are investors, knowingly or not, swayed by the whimsical allure of map-themed comics in their market decisions? The possibility is as fascinating as it is humorous.

The connection between maps and human endeavors throughout history, as discussed in "Cartographic Empires: A Historical Analysis," takes on a new light in the context of our findings. Could it be that the resonance of geographical representations extends beyond societal imprints to influence contemporary financial markets? While the idea may seem far-fetched, the statistical evidence cannot be disregarded.

Our results also prompt a reimagining of the metaphoric implications for financial maneuvering, as inspired by the classic board game "Risk". Perhaps, in the intricate game of stock market investing, there exists a parallel allure to charting unexplored territories and strategically navigating through the whimsical landscapes of xkcd comics on maps. It is a whimsical comparison, but one that may warrant contemplation in light of our findings.

The statistically robust relationship uncovered in our study supports a novel perspective on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena, challenging conventional expectations and inviting a respite of curiosity. As we navigate this quirky juncture of whimsy and finance, may we never lose sight of the joy in uncovering unexpected correlations, even in the most serious of contexts.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between xkcd comics published about maps and Cummins' stock price (CMI). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we employ quantitative methods to investigate the fascinating yet underexplored relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and the stock performance of Cummins Inc. (CMI). Drawing on data from the xkcd comic series and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team conducted a rigorous analysis from 2008 to 2023, aiming to identify potential predictive patterns or mere serendipitous correlations.

The results revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical relationship between the publication of xkcd comics on maps and fluctuations in Cummins' stock price. While causation does not imply correlation, the intriguing findings prompt further investigation into the impact of whimsical cartographical musings on market dynamics.

This study not only sheds light on the potential influence of offbeat humor on financial performance but also provides a testament to the multifaceted nature of data analytics. After all, in the ever-enigmatic realm of finance, perhaps it's not only about reading the signs but also deciphering the whimsical maps along the way. The implications of our findings extend beyond the boundaries of traditional financial analysis, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking perspective on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intersection of finance and pop culture has always been an intriguing subject of inquiry. In recent years, the proliferation of online comics has sparked curiosity about their potential influence on market dynamics. Enter xkcd: a webcomic created by Randall Munroe known for its witty, erudite, and often whimsical commentary on an array of topics. Among its myriad themes, the series has occasionally delved into the world of maps, presenting a captivating opportunity to explore the uncharted terrain of the relationship between comic musings and stock market performance.
Cummins Inc. (CMI), a global powerhouse in the manufacturing of engines and related technologies, stands as a compelling case study due to its firm foothold in the industrials sector. As our research team embarked on this unusual odyssey of investigating the possible link between xkcd comics featuring maps and Cummins' stock price, we sought to decipher whether the whimsical meanderings of xkcd's geographic renderings could tangibly impact the intricate dance of market movements.
Unraveling the enigma of how seemingly disparate realms – humoristic map illustrations and financial markets – could intertwine is no small feat. Nevertheless, armed with robust statistical tools and a penchant for unconventional inquiry, we navigated the landscape of data with a keen eye for elucidating patterns that may, on the surface, appear nothing more than pure happenstance.
With the backdrop set for this intriguing expedition, we embarked on an empirical foray that aimed to not only uncover potential correlations between xkcd's satire-laden cartography and Cummins' stock performance but also to challenge conventional wisdom about the sources of market movements. As we delved into the data spanning 2008 to 2023, we eagerly anticipated uncovering any semblance of coherence in this seemingly whimsical juxtaposition.
In the following sections, we systematically present our findings and the methodological intricacies underpinning this offbeat yet thought-provoking inquiry. Prepare to chart a course through statistical analyses, financial time series, and comedic quips as we endeavor to unearth the hidden connections between the wry world of xkcd comics and the ebbs and flows of Cummins' stock price. Let the journey commence, for we venture into uncharted territory where the arcane mysteries of finance and the romping wit of webcomics intersect.

[[RESULTS]]
The quantitative analysis of the relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and Cummins' Inc. (CMI) stock performance from 2008 to 2023 unveiled intriguing insights. The correlation coefficient, a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the two variables, was found to be 0.7714978, suggesting a strong positive correlation. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) stood at 0.5952088, indicating that approximately 59.52% of the variability in Cummins' stock price can be explained by variations in the publication of xkcd comics relating to maps.
The p-value, a critical indicator of the statistical significance of the correlation, was less than 0.01, providing compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no correlation. In simpler terms, the likelihood of observing such a strong relationship between xkcd comics on maps and Cummins' stock price by mere chance is less than 1 in 100, reinforcing the robustness of the observed correlation.
Figure 1 displays a scatterplot illustrating the pronounced positive relationship between the frequency of xkcd comics on maps and the corresponding movements in Cummins' stock price. The data points are clustered tightly around an upward sloping trendline, visually underscoring the notable association between the two variables.
The notable statistical correlation between the whimsical musings of xkcd on geography and the fluctuations in Cummins' stock price beckons further reflection on the potential influence of comic whimsy on market dynamics. This improbable yet tantalizing relationship opens a playful avenue of exploration in the enigmatic domain of finance, challenging conventional expectations and inviting a respite of curiosity.
Through the lens of quantitative analysis and a touch of lightheartedness, this study offers a distinctive perspective on the interplay between the unconventional content of webcomics and the intricate choreography of stock market performance. As we navigate this quirky juncture of whimsy and finance, the implications of our findings cascade into uncharted territories, suggesting that perhaps, in the realm of finance, there's room for a bit of cartographical jest.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In concluding this expedition into the capricious realms of xkcd comics and Cummins’ stock performance, the findings have unveiled a compelling correlation between the two. The statistical revelation of a strong positive relationship, denoted by the correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and a p-value less than 0.01, presents a whimsically intriguing yet thought-provoking phenomenon. While maintaining a scholarly composure, it's impossible to overlook the amusement derived from unravelling this linkage between the offbeat musings of webcomics and the fluctuation in stock prices.

The presence of such a pronounced statistical relationship incites a playful reverie into the potential impact of comics on market dynamics. However, it is imperative to interpret these findings with cautious whimsy, as correlation does not imply causation, and inferential leaps should be made with mirthful moderation.

This research offers a refreshing outlook on the interconnections between unconventional comic narratives and the convoluted ballet of market performance. However, it is essential to resist the temptation to embark on further speculations and riddles in pursuit of causality. The unexpected union of whimsy and financial data has been explored with diligent diligence in this study, and it is our scholarly duty to resist the allure of venturing further into this lighthearted labyrinth.

In the spirit of academic integrity and a touch of graceful jest, it is our solemn scholarly recommendation that no further whimsically whimsical research in this area is warranted. The findings presented suffice to elicit a knowing grin and a nod to the curious conjunction of seemingly unrelated phenomena—a delightful anomaly that may invite a chuckle but demands no further scholarly scrutiny.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Cartographic Comedy


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Humorous Geographic Research


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Mapping the Way to Market Success: The Correlation Between xkcd Comics on Maps and Cummins' Stock Performance with an abstract of In this study, we employ quantitative methods to investigate the fascinating yet underexplored relationship between xkcd comics featuring maps and the stock performance of Cummins Inc. (CMI). Drawing on data from the xkcd comic series and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team conducted a rigorous analysis from 2008 to 2023, aiming to identify potential predictive patterns or mere serendipitous correlations.
The results revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7714978 and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical relationship between the publication of xkcd comics on maps and fluctuations in Cummins' stock price. While causation does not imply correlation, the intriguing findings prompt further investigation into the impact of whimsical cartographical musings on market dynamics.
This study not only sheds light on the potential influence of offbeat humor on financial performance but also provides a testament to the multifaceted nature of data analytics. After all, in the ever-enigmatic realm of finance, perhaps it's not only about reading the signs but also deciphering the whimsical maps along the way. The implications of our findings extend beyond the boundaries of traditional financial analysis, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking perspective on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

ChatGPT:

xkcd comics, maps, Cummins Inc., stock performance, correlation, quantitative analysis, market dynamics, data analytics, financial performance, predictive patterns, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, statistical relationship, whimsical humor, cartographical musings, market fluctuations, predictive correlation, financial analysis, interconnected phenomena

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

xkcd comics published about maps
Detailed data title: The number of xkcd comics published each year about maps
Source: AI analysis of xkcd comics
Additional Info: I designed a Python workflow to perform OCR on every xkcd comic, feed that text into a large language model, and ask the model whether this comic was about the category named in the title.

See what else correlates with xkcd comics published about maps

Cummins' stock price (CMI)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Cummins (CMI) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Cummins' stock price (CMI)

Correlation r = 0.7714978 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.5952088 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 59.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Cummins' stock price (CMI)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., xkcd comics published about maps) over the 16 years from 2008 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.00046. 0.0004649655144513326000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.77 in 0.046% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 2,151 random variables Which I absolutely did.
with the same 15 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 15 because we have two variables measured over a period of 16 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.45, 0.92 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
2008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
xkcd comics published about maps (xkcd comics)1021131213412434
Cummins' stock price (CMI) (Stock price)63.7426.8246.35111.0890.45111.5140.43145.2286.75138.25177.51131.22180.02227.68218.71243.14




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1,0,2,1,1,3,1,2,1,3,4,1,2,4,3,4,])
array_2 = np.array([63.74,26.82,46.35,111.08,90.45,111.5,140.43,145.22,86.75,138.25,177.51,131.22,180.02,227.68,218.71,243.14,])
array_1_name = "xkcd comics published about maps"
array_2_name = "Cummins' stock price (CMI)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 1292 · Black Variable ID: 20036 · Red Variable ID: 1814
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